Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Digital Imaging 3/2016

01.12.2015

Methods on Skull Stripping of MRI Head Scan Images—a Review

verfasst von: P. Kalavathi, V. B. Surya Prasath

Erschienen in: Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine | Ausgabe 3/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) brain images contain some non-brain tissues such as skin, fat, muscle, neck, and eye balls compared to the functional images namely positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which usually contain relatively less non-brain tissues. The presence of these non-brain tissues is considered as a major obstacle for automatic brain image segmentation and analysis techniques. Therefore, quantitative morphometric studies of MR brain images often require a preliminary processing to isolate the brain from extra-cranial or non-brain tissues, commonly referred to as skull stripping. This paper describes the available methods on skull stripping and an exploratory review of recent literature on the existing skull stripping methods.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Haacke EM, Brown RW, Thompson MR, Venkatesan R: Magnetic resonance imaging, physical principles and sequence design. John Willey & Sons, New York, 1999 Haacke EM, Brown RW, Thompson MR, Venkatesan R: Magnetic resonance imaging, physical principles and sequence design. John Willey & Sons, New York, 1999
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Quencer RM, Bradley WG: MR imaging of the brain: what constitutes the minimum acceptable capability? Am J Neuroradiol 22(8):1449–1450, 2001PubMed Quencer RM, Bradley WG: MR imaging of the brain: what constitutes the minimum acceptable capability? Am J Neuroradiol 22(8):1449–1450, 2001PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheour M: Advantages of brain MRI, 2010, Available at: RadiologyInfo.org Cheour M: Advantages of brain MRI, 2010, Available at: RadiologyInfo.org
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmid P: Segmentation of digitized dermatoscopic images by Two-dimensional colour clustering. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(2):164–171, 1999CrossRefPubMed Schmid P: Segmentation of digitized dermatoscopic images by Two-dimensional colour clustering. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(2):164–171, 1999CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez RC, Woods RE: Digital image processing, 3rd edition. Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2008 Gonzalez RC, Woods RE: Digital image processing, 3rd edition. Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2008
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Pham DL, Xu C, Prince JL: Current methods in medical image segmentation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2(1):315–338, 2000CrossRefPubMed Pham DL, Xu C, Prince JL: Current methods in medical image segmentation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2(1):315–338, 2000CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Hizukuri A, Nakayama R, Nakako N, Kawanaka H, Takase H, Yamamoto K, Tsuruoka S: Computerized segmentation method for individual calcifications within clustered microcalcifications while maintaining their shapes on magnification mammograms. J Digit Imaging 25:377–386, 2012CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hizukuri A, Nakayama R, Nakako N, Kawanaka H, Takase H, Yamamoto K, Tsuruoka S: Computerized segmentation method for individual calcifications within clustered microcalcifications while maintaining their shapes on magnification mammograms. J Digit Imaging 25:377–386, 2012CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Younis A, Ibrahim M, Kabuka M, John N: An artificial immune-activated neural network applied to brain 3D MRI segmentation. J Digit Imaging 21(1):69–88, 2008CrossRefPubMedCentral Younis A, Ibrahim M, Kabuka M, John N: An artificial immune-activated neural network applied to brain 3D MRI segmentation. J Digit Imaging 21(1):69–88, 2008CrossRefPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Erickson BJ, Avula RTV: An algorithm for automatic segmentation and classification of magnetic resonance brain images. J Digit Imaging 11(2):74–82, 1998CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Erickson BJ, Avula RTV: An algorithm for automatic segmentation and classification of magnetic resonance brain images. J Digit Imaging 11(2):74–82, 1998CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Handels H, Tolxdorff T: A new segmentation algorithm for knowledge acquisition in tissue- characterizing magnetic resonance imaging. J Digit Imaging 3(2):89–94, 1990CrossRefPubMed Handels H, Tolxdorff T: A new segmentation algorithm for knowledge acquisition in tissue- characterizing magnetic resonance imaging. J Digit Imaging 3(2):89–94, 1990CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hogan RE, Mark KE, Choudhuri I, Wang L, Joshi S, Miller MI, Bucholz RD: Magnetic resonance imaging deformation-based segmentation of the hippocampus in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. J Digit Imaging 13(1):217–218, 2000CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hogan RE, Mark KE, Choudhuri I, Wang L, Joshi S, Miller MI, Bucholz RD: Magnetic resonance imaging deformation-based segmentation of the hippocampus in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. J Digit Imaging 13(1):217–218, 2000CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Fennema-Notestine C, Ozyurt IB, Clark CP, Morris S, Bischoff-Grethe A, Bondi MW, Jernigan TL, Fischl B, Segonne F, Shattuck DW, Leahy RM, Rex DE, Toga AW, Zou KH, Brain M, Brown GG: Quantitative evaluation of automated skull-stripping methods applied to contemporary and legacy images: effects of diagnosis, bias correction and slice location. Hum Brain Mapp 27(2):99–113, 2006CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fennema-Notestine C, Ozyurt IB, Clark CP, Morris S, Bischoff-Grethe A, Bondi MW, Jernigan TL, Fischl B, Segonne F, Shattuck DW, Leahy RM, Rex DE, Toga AW, Zou KH, Brain M, Brown GG: Quantitative evaluation of automated skull-stripping methods applied to contemporary and legacy images: effects of diagnosis, bias correction and slice location. Hum Brain Mapp 27(2):99–113, 2006CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumoto S, Asato R, Konishi J: A fast Way to visualize the brain surface with volume rendering of MRI data. J Digit Imaging 12(4):185–190, 1999CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Matsumoto S, Asato R, Konishi J: A fast Way to visualize the brain surface with volume rendering of MRI data. J Digit Imaging 12(4):185–190, 1999CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahmood Q, Chodorowski A, Mehnert A, Gellermann J, Persson M, Unsupervised segmentation of head tissues from multi-modal MR images for EEG source localization J Digit Imaging, 2014 Mahmood Q, Chodorowski A, Mehnert A, Gellermann J, Persson M, Unsupervised segmentation of head tissues from multi-modal MR images for EEG source localization J Digit Imaging, 2014
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hata Y, Kobashi S, Kondo K, Kitamura YT, Yanagida T: Transcranial ultrasonography system for visualizing skull and brain surface aided by fuzzy expert system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 35(6):1360–1373, 2005CrossRef Hata Y, Kobashi S, Kondo K, Kitamura YT, Yanagida T: Transcranial ultrasonography system for visualizing skull and brain surface aided by fuzzy expert system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 35(6):1360–1373, 2005CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein A, Ghosh SS, Avants B, Yeo B, Fischl B, Ardekani B, Gee JC, Mann J, Parsey RV: Evaluation of volume-based and surface-based brain image registration methods. NeuroImage 51(1):214–220, 2010CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Klein A, Ghosh SS, Avants B, Yeo B, Fischl B, Ardekani B, Gee JC, Mann J, Parsey RV: Evaluation of volume-based and surface-based brain image registration methods. NeuroImage 51(1):214–220, 2010CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalkers NF, Ameziane N, Bot JC, Minneboo A, Polman CH, Barkhof F: Longitudinal brain volume measurement in multiple sclerosis: rate of brain atrophy is independent of the disease subtype. Archit Neurol 58(10):1572–1576, 2002CrossRef Kalkers NF, Ameziane N, Bot JC, Minneboo A, Polman CH, Barkhof F: Longitudinal brain volume measurement in multiple sclerosis: rate of brain atrophy is independent of the disease subtype. Archit Neurol 58(10):1572–1576, 2002CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Wels M, Zheng Y, Huber M, Hornegger J, Comaniciu D: A discriminative model-constrained EM approach to 3D MRI brain tissue classification and intensity Non-uniformity correction. Phys Med Biol 56(11):3269–3300, 2011CrossRefPubMed Wels M, Zheng Y, Huber M, Hornegger J, Comaniciu D: A discriminative model-constrained EM approach to 3D MRI brain tissue classification and intensity Non-uniformity correction. Phys Med Biol 56(11):3269–3300, 2011CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang L, Chen Y, Pan X, Hong X, Xia D: Level set segmentation of brain magnetic resonance images based on local gaussian distribution fitting energy. J Neurosci Methods 188(2):316–325, 2010CrossRefPubMed Wang L, Chen Y, Pan X, Hong X, Xia D: Level set segmentation of brain magnetic resonance images based on local gaussian distribution fitting energy. J Neurosci Methods 188(2):316–325, 2010CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson PM, Mega MS, Woods RP, Zoumalan CI, Lindshield CJ, Blanton RE, Moussai J, Holmes CJ, Cummings JL, Toga AW: Cortical change in Alzheimer’s disease detected with a disease-specific population-based brain atlas. Cereb Cortex 11(1):1–16, 2001CrossRefPubMed Thompson PM, Mega MS, Woods RP, Zoumalan CI, Lindshield CJ, Blanton RE, Moussai J, Holmes CJ, Cummings JL, Toga AW: Cortical change in Alzheimer’s disease detected with a disease-specific population-based brain atlas. Cereb Cortex 11(1):1–16, 2001CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Tosun D, Rettmann ME, Naiman DQ, Resnick SM, Kraut MA, Prince JL: Cortical reconstruction using implicit surface evolution: accuracy and precision analysis. NeuroImage 29(3):838–852, 2006CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tosun D, Rettmann ME, Naiman DQ, Resnick SM, Kraut MA, Prince JL: Cortical reconstruction using implicit surface evolution: accuracy and precision analysis. NeuroImage 29(3):838–852, 2006CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat MacDonald D, Kabani N, Avis D, Evans AC: Automated 3-D extraction of inner and outer surfaces of cerebral cortex from MRI. NeuroImage 12(3):340–356, 2000CrossRefPubMed MacDonald D, Kabani N, Avis D, Evans AC: Automated 3-D extraction of inner and outer surfaces of cerebral cortex from MRI. NeuroImage 12(3):340–356, 2000CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao L, Ruotsalainen U, Hirvonen J, Hietala J, Tohka J: Automatic cerebral and cerebellar hemisphere segmentation in 3D MRI: adaptive disconnection algorithm. Med Image Anal 14(3):360–372, 2010CrossRefPubMed Zhao L, Ruotsalainen U, Hirvonen J, Hietala J, Tohka J: Automatic cerebral and cerebellar hemisphere segmentation in 3D MRI: adaptive disconnection algorithm. Med Image Anal 14(3):360–372, 2010CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Zivadinov R, Bagnato F, Nasuelli D, Bastianello S, Bratina A, Locatelli L, Watts K, Finamore L, Grop A, Dwyer M, Catalan M, Clemenzi A, Millefiorini E, Bakshi R, Zorzon M: Short-term brain atrophy changes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 223(2):185–193, 2004CrossRef Zivadinov R, Bagnato F, Nasuelli D, Bastianello S, Bratina A, Locatelli L, Watts K, Finamore L, Grop A, Dwyer M, Catalan M, Clemenzi A, Millefiorini E, Bakshi R, Zorzon M: Short-term brain atrophy changes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 223(2):185–193, 2004CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Rusinek H, de Leon MJ, George AE, Stylopoulos LA, Chandra R, Smith G, Rand T, Mourino M, Kowalski H: Alzheimer disease: measuring loss of cerebral gray matter with MR imaging. Radiology 178(1):109–114, 1991CrossRefPubMed Rusinek H, de Leon MJ, George AE, Stylopoulos LA, Chandra R, Smith G, Rand T, Mourino M, Kowalski H: Alzheimer disease: measuring loss of cerebral gray matter with MR imaging. Radiology 178(1):109–114, 1991CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanskanen P, Veijola JM, Piippo UK, Haapea M, Miettunen JA, Pyhtinen J, Bullmore ET, Jones PB, Isohanni MK: Hippocampus and amygdala volumes in schizophrenia and other psychoses in the northern Finland 1966 birth cohort. Schizophr Res 75(2-3):283–294, 2005CrossRefPubMed Tanskanen P, Veijola JM, Piippo UK, Haapea M, Miettunen JA, Pyhtinen J, Bullmore ET, Jones PB, Isohanni MK: Hippocampus and amygdala volumes in schizophrenia and other psychoses in the northern Finland 1966 birth cohort. Schizophr Res 75(2-3):283–294, 2005CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanton RE, Levitt JG, Peterson JR, Fadale D, Sporty ML, Lee M, To D, Mormino EC, Thompson PM, McCracken JT, Toga AW: Gender differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus in normal children. NeuroImage 22(2):626–636, 2004CrossRefPubMed Blanton RE, Levitt JG, Peterson JR, Fadale D, Sporty ML, Lee M, To D, Mormino EC, Thompson PM, McCracken JT, Toga AW: Gender differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus in normal children. NeuroImage 22(2):626–636, 2004CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Brummer ME, Mersereau RM, Eisner RL, Lewine RRJ, Caeslles V, Kimmel R, Sapiro G: Automatic detection of brain contours in MRI datasets. IEEE Trans Image Process 12(2):153–166, 1993CrossRef Brummer ME, Mersereau RM, Eisner RL, Lewine RRJ, Caeslles V, Kimmel R, Sapiro G: Automatic detection of brain contours in MRI datasets. IEEE Trans Image Process 12(2):153–166, 1993CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhuang AH, Valentino DJ, Toga AW: Skull stripping magnetic resonance images using a model-based level sets. NeuroImage 32(1):79–92, 2006CrossRefPubMed Zhuang AH, Valentino DJ, Toga AW: Skull stripping magnetic resonance images using a model-based level sets. NeuroImage 32(1):79–92, 2006CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai C, Manjunath BS, Jagadeesan R: Automated segmentation of brain MR images. Pattern Recogn 28(12):1825–1837, 1995CrossRef Tsai C, Manjunath BS, Jagadeesan R: Automated segmentation of brain MR images. Pattern Recogn 28(12):1825–1837, 1995CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Sandor S, Leahy RM: Surface-based labeling of cortical anatomy using a deformable atlas. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16(1):41–54, 1997CrossRefPubMed Sandor S, Leahy RM: Surface-based labeling of cortical anatomy using a deformable atlas. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16(1):41–54, 1997CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemieux G, Krakow KH, Woermann FG: Fast, automatic segmentation of the brain in T1-weighted volume magnetic resonance image data. Proc SPIE Med Imaging: Image Processing 3661:152–160, 1999CrossRef Lemieux G, Krakow KH, Woermann FG: Fast, automatic segmentation of the brain in T1-weighted volume magnetic resonance image data. Proc SPIE Med Imaging: Image Processing 3661:152–160, 1999CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Shattuck DW, Sandor-Leahy SR, Schaper KA, Rottenberg DA, Leahy RM: Magnetic resonance image tissue classification using a partial volume model. NeuroImage 13(5):856–876, 2001CrossRefPubMed Shattuck DW, Sandor-Leahy SR, Schaper KA, Rottenberg DA, Leahy RM: Magnetic resonance image tissue classification using a partial volume model. NeuroImage 13(5):856–876, 2001CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Shanthi KJ, Sasikumar M: Skull stripping and automatic segmentation of brain MRI using seed growth and threshold techniques, Proc. International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, Kuala Lumpur 1:422-426,2007 Shanthi KJ, Sasikumar M: Skull stripping and automatic segmentation of brain MRI using seed growth and threshold techniques, Proc. International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, Kuala Lumpur 1:422-426,2007
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Mikheev B, Nevsky G, Govindan S, Grossman R, Rusinek H: Fully automatic segmentation of the brain from T1-weighted MRI using bridge burner algorithm. J Magn Reson Imaging 27(6):1235–1241, 2008CrossRefPubMed Mikheev B, Nevsky G, Govindan S, Grossman R, Rusinek H: Fully automatic segmentation of the brain from T1-weighted MRI using bridge burner algorithm. J Magn Reson Imaging 27(6):1235–1241, 2008CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Park GJ, Lee C: Skull stripping based on region growing for magnetic resonance images. NeuroImage 47(4):1394–1407, 2009CrossRefPubMed Park GJ, Lee C: Skull stripping based on region growing for magnetic resonance images. NeuroImage 47(4):1394–1407, 2009CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao J, Xie M: Skull stripping MR brain images using anisotropic diffusion filtering and morphological processing, Proc. International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology, Wuhan 1:1-4,2009 Gao J, Xie M: Skull stripping MR brain images using anisotropic diffusion filtering and morphological processing, Proc. International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology, Wuhan 1:1-4,2009
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Automatic skull stripping of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of human head scans using image contour. Image Processing, Allied Publisher, New Delhi, 2010, pp 147–151 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Automatic skull stripping of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of human head scans using image contour. Image Processing, Allied Publisher, New Delhi, 2010, pp 147–151
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: A hybrid method for automatic skull stripping of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of human head scans. Proc. International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Karur, Tamilnadu, 1-5, 2010 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: A hybrid method for automatic skull stripping of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of human head scans. Proc. International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Karur, Tamilnadu, 1-5, 2010
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalaiselvi T: Fully automatic brain extraction algorithm for axial T2- weighted magnetic resonance images. Comput Biol Med 40(10):811–822, 2010CrossRefPubMed Somasundaram K, Kalaiselvi T: Fully automatic brain extraction algorithm for axial T2- weighted magnetic resonance images. Comput Biol Med 40(10):811–822, 2010CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalaiselvi T: Automatic brain extraction methods for T1 magnetic resonance images using region labeling and morphological operations. Comput Biol Med 41(8):2011 Somasundaram K, Kalaiselvi T: Automatic brain extraction methods for T1 magnetic resonance images using region labeling and morphological operations. Comput Biol Med 41(8):2011
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Carass A, Cuzzocreo J, Wheeler MB, Bazin PL, Resnick SM, Prince JL: Simple paradigm for extra-cerebral tissue removal: algorithm and analysis. NeuroImage 56(4):1982–1992, 2011CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Carass A, Cuzzocreo J, Wheeler MB, Bazin PL, Resnick SM, Prince JL: Simple paradigm for extra-cerebral tissue removal: algorithm and analysis. NeuroImage 56(4):1982–1992, 2011CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox RW: AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance Neuroimages. Comput Biomed Res 29(3):162–173, 1996CrossRefPubMed Cox RW: AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance Neuroimages. Comput Biomed Res 29(3):162–173, 1996CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ward BD: 3dIntracranial: automatic segmentation of intracranial region. Technical Report, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, UK, 1999 Ward BD: 3dIntracranial: automatic segmentation of intracranial region. Technical Report, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, UK, 1999
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Huh S, Ketter TA, John KH, Lee C: Automated cerebrum segmentation from three- dimensional sagittal brain MR images. Comput Biol Med 32(5):311–328, 2002CrossRefPubMed Huh S, Ketter TA, John KH, Lee C: Automated cerebrum segmentation from three- dimensional sagittal brain MR images. Comput Biol Med 32(5):311–328, 2002CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Dawant BM, Hartmann SL, Thirion JP, Maes F, Vandermeulen D, Demaerel P: Automatic 3-D segmentation of internal structures of the head in MR images using a combination of similarity and free-form transformations: part I. Methodology and validation on normal subjects. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(10):909–916, 1999CrossRefPubMed Dawant BM, Hartmann SL, Thirion JP, Maes F, Vandermeulen D, Demaerel P: Automatic 3-D segmentation of internal structures of the head in MR images using a combination of similarity and free-form transformations: part I. Methodology and validation on normal subjects. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(10):909–916, 1999CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Pham DL, Prince JL: Adaptive fuzzy segmentation of magnetic resonance images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(9):737–752, 1999CrossRefPubMed Pham DL, Prince JL: Adaptive fuzzy segmentation of magnetic resonance images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(9):737–752, 1999CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Hahn HK, Peitgen HO: The Skull Stripping Problem in MRI Solved by Single 3D Watershed Transform, Proc. Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 2000:134–143, 1935 Hahn HK, Peitgen HO: The Skull Stripping Problem in MRI Solved by Single 3D Watershed Transform, Proc. Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 2000:134–143, 1935
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Grau V, Mewes AUJ, Alcaiz M, Kikinis R, Warfield SK: Improved watershed transform for medical image segmentation using prior information. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 23(4):447–458, 2004CrossRefPubMed Grau V, Mewes AUJ, Alcaiz M, Kikinis R, Warfield SK: Improved watershed transform for medical image segmentation using prior information. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 23(4):447–458, 2004CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashburner J, Friston KJ: Voxel based morphometry: the methods. NeuroImage 11(6):805–821, 2000CrossRefPubMed Ashburner J, Friston KJ: Voxel based morphometry: the methods. NeuroImage 11(6):805–821, 2000CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Zu YS, Guang HY, Jing ZL: Automated histogram-based brain segmentation in T1- weighted three-dimensional magnetic resonance head images. NeuroImage 17(3):1587–1598, 2002CrossRef Zu YS, Guang HY, Jing ZL: Automated histogram-based brain segmentation in T1- weighted three-dimensional magnetic resonance head images. NeuroImage 17(3):1587–1598, 2002CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadananthan S, Zheng W, Chee M, Zagorodnov V: Skull stripping using graph cuts. NeuroImage 49(1):225–239, 2010CrossRefPubMed Sadananthan S, Zheng W, Chee M, Zagorodnov V: Skull stripping using graph cuts. NeuroImage 49(1):225–239, 2010CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Skull stripping of MRI head scans based on 2D region growing, Proc. ICOM11 Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 2011, pp 18–23 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Skull stripping of MRI head scans based on 2D region growing, Proc. ICOM11 Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 2011, pp 18–23
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Brain segmentation in magnetic resonance human head scans using multi-seeded region growing. Imaging Sci J 62(5):273–284, 2014CrossRef Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Brain segmentation in magnetic resonance human head scans using multi-seeded region growing. Imaging Sci J 62(5):273–284, 2014CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalavathi P: Computation of brain asymmetry in 2D brain images. Int J Sci Eng Res 5(7):1167–1171, 2014 Kalavathi P: Computation of brain asymmetry in 2D brain images. Int J Sci Eng Res 5(7):1167–1171, 2014
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Aboutanos GB, Nikanne J, Watkins N, Dawant BM: Model creation and deformation for the automatic segmentation of the brain in MR images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 46(11):1346–1356, 1999CrossRefPubMed Aboutanos GB, Nikanne J, Watkins N, Dawant BM: Model creation and deformation for the automatic segmentation of the brain in MR images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 46(11):1346–1356, 1999CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng X, Staib LH, Schultz RT, Duncan JS: Segmentation and measurement of the cortex from 3-D MR images using coupled-surfaces propagation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(10):927–937, 1999CrossRefPubMed Zeng X, Staib LH, Schultz RT, Duncan JS: Segmentation and measurement of the cortex from 3-D MR images using coupled-surfaces propagation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18(10):927–937, 1999CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Suri JS: Two-dimensional fast magnetic resonance brain segmentation. IEEE Eng Med Biol 20(4):84–95, 2001CrossRef Suri JS: Two-dimensional fast magnetic resonance brain segmentation. IEEE Eng Med Biol 20(4):84–95, 2001CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Baillard C, Hellier P, Barillot C: Segmentation of brain 3D MR images using level sets and dense registration. Med Image Anal 5(3):185–194, 2001CrossRefPubMed Baillard C, Hellier P, Barillot C: Segmentation of brain 3D MR images using level sets and dense registration. Med Image Anal 5(3):185–194, 2001CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Atkins MS, Siu K, Law B, Orchard JJ, Rosenbaum WL: Difficulties of T1 brain MRI segmentation techniques, medical imaging. Proc. SPIE 4684(1):1837–1844, 2001 Atkins MS, Siu K, Law B, Orchard JJ, Rosenbaum WL: Difficulties of T1 brain MRI segmentation techniques, medical imaging. Proc. SPIE 4684(1):1837–1844, 2001
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Jenkinson M, Pechaud M, Smith S: BET2 - MR-based estimation of brain, skull and scalp surfaces. Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Oxford, 2005 Jenkinson M, Pechaud M, Smith S: BET2 - MR-based estimation of brain, skull and scalp surfaces. Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Oxford, 2005
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Lao Z, Shen D, Davatzikas C: Statistical shape model for automatic skull-stripping of brain images. Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Washington, D.C, 2002, pp 855–858 Lao Z, Shen D, Davatzikas C: Statistical shape model for automatic skull-stripping of brain images. Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Washington, D.C, 2002, pp 855–858
68.
Zurück zum Zitat John C, Kevin W, Emma L, Chao C, Barbara P, Declan J: Statistical morphological skull stripping of adult and infant MRI data. Comput Biol Med 37(3):342–357, 2007CrossRef John C, Kevin W, Emma L, Chao C, Barbara P, Declan J: Statistical morphological skull stripping of adult and infant MRI data. Comput Biol Med 37(3):342–357, 2007CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Yunjie C, Jianwei Z, Shunfeng W: A new fast brain skull stripping method, biomedical engineering and informatics. Proc. 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, BMEI09, Tianjin, 2009 Yunjie C, Jianwei Z, Shunfeng W: A new fast brain skull stripping method, biomedical engineering and informatics. Proc. 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, BMEI09, Tianjin, 2009
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu JX, Chen YS, Chen LF: Accurate and robust extraction of brain regions using a deformable model based on radial basis functions. J Neurosci Methods 183(2):255–266, 2009CrossRefPubMed Liu JX, Chen YS, Chen LF: Accurate and robust extraction of brain regions using a deformable model based on radial basis functions. J Neurosci Methods 183(2):255–266, 2009CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Merisaari H, Parkkola R, Alhoniemia E, Teras M, Lehtonend L, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, Nevalainen OS: Gaussian mixture model-based segmentation of MR images taken from premature infant brains. J Neurosci Methods 182(1):110–122, 2009CrossRefPubMed Merisaari H, Parkkola R, Alhoniemia E, Teras M, Lehtonend L, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, Nevalainen OS: Gaussian mixture model-based segmentation of MR images taken from premature infant brains. J Neurosci Methods 182(1):110–122, 2009CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Tao X, Chang MC: A skull stripping method using deformable surface and tissue classification, medical imaging. Proc. SPIE 7:623–630, 2010 Tao X, Chang MC: A skull stripping method using deformable surface and tissue classification, medical imaging. Proc. SPIE 7:623–630, 2010
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Skull stripping of MRI head scans based on chan-vese active contour model. Int J Knowl Manag e-learning 3(1):7–14, 2011 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Skull stripping of MRI head scans based on chan-vese active contour model. Int J Knowl Manag e-learning 3(1):7–14, 2011
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang J, Han Y, Park H: Skull-stripping method for brain MRI using a 3D level Set with a speedup operator. J Magn Reson Imaging 34(2):445–456, 2011CrossRefPubMed Hwang J, Han Y, Park H: Skull-stripping method for brain MRI using a 3D level Set with a speedup operator. J Magn Reson Imaging 34(2):445–456, 2011CrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H, Liu J, Zhu Z, et al: An automated and dimple method for brain MR image extraction, BioMed Eng OnLine 10(81),2011 Zhang H, Liu J, Zhu Z, et al: An automated and dimple method for brain MR image extraction, BioMed Eng OnLine 10(81),2011
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: A novel skull stripping technique for T1-weighted MRI human head Scans, Proc. ICVGIP 1-8,2012 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: A novel skull stripping technique for T1-weighted MRI human head Scans, Proc. ICVGIP 1-8,2012
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Galdames FJ, Jaillet F, Perez CA: An accurate skull stripping method based on simplex meshes and histogram analysis in magnetic resonance images. J Neurosci Methods 206(2):109–113, 2012CrossRef Galdames FJ, Jaillet F, Perez CA: An accurate skull stripping method based on simplex meshes and histogram analysis in magnetic resonance images. J Neurosci Methods 206(2):109–113, 2012CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Contour-based brain segmentation method for magnetic resonance imaging human head scans. J Comput Assist Tomogr 37(3):353–368, 2013CrossRefPubMed Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Contour-based brain segmentation method for magnetic resonance imaging human head scans. J Comput Assist Tomogr 37(3):353–368, 2013CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Dale AM, Fischl B, Sereno MI: Cortical surface-based analysis I: segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage 9(2):179–194, 1999CrossRefPubMed Dale AM, Fischl B, Sereno MI: Cortical surface-based analysis I: segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage 9(2):179–194, 1999CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Nie J, Yap P-T, Shi F, Guo L, Shen D: Robust deformable-surface-based skull- stripping for large-scale studies, Proc. medical image computing and computer assisted intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 6893:635–642, 2011 Wang Y, Nie J, Yap P-T, Shi F, Guo L, Shen D: Robust deformable-surface-based skull- stripping for large-scale studies, Proc. medical image computing and computer assisted intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 6893:635–642, 2011
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobashi S, Moto FY, Ogawa MD, Ando K, Ishikura R, Kando SH, Katy Y: Fuzzy- ASM based automated skull stripping method from infantile brain MR images. Proc. IEEE Int Conf Granular Comput San Jose California 1:632–635, 2007 Kobashi S, Moto FY, Ogawa MD, Ando K, Ishikura R, Kando SH, Katy Y: Fuzzy- ASM based automated skull stripping method from infantile brain MR images. Proc. IEEE Int Conf Granular Comput San Jose California 1:632–635, 2007
82.
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung KK, Barnes J, Modat M, Ridgway GR, Bartlett JW, Fox NC, Ourselin S: Brain MAPS: an automated, accurate and robust brain extraction technique using a template library. NeuroImage 55(3):1091–1108, 2011CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leung KK, Barnes J, Modat M, Ridgway GR, Bartlett JW, Fox NC, Ourselin S: Brain MAPS: an automated, accurate and robust brain extraction technique using a template library. NeuroImage 55(3):1091–1108, 2011CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Eskildsen SF, Coupe P, Fonov V, Manjon JV, Leung KK, Guizard N, Wassef SN, Ostergaard LR, Collins DL: BEaST: brain extraction based on Non-local segmentation technique. NeuroImage 59(3):2362–2373, 2012CrossRefPubMed Eskildsen SF, Coupe P, Fonov V, Manjon JV, Leung KK, Guizard N, Wassef SN, Ostergaard LR, Collins DL: BEaST: brain extraction based on Non-local segmentation technique. NeuroImage 59(3):2362–2373, 2012CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapur T, Grimson WEL, Wells III, WM, Kikinis R: Segmentation of brain tissue from magnetic resonance images. Med Image Anal 1(2):109–127, 1996CrossRefPubMed Kapur T, Grimson WEL, Wells III, WM, Kikinis R: Segmentation of brain tissue from magnetic resonance images. Med Image Anal 1(2):109–127, 1996CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Atkins MS, Mackiewich B: Fully automatic segmentation of the brain in MRI. IEEE Transactions Med Imaging 17(1):98–107, 1998CrossRef Atkins MS, Mackiewich B: Fully automatic segmentation of the brain in MRI. IEEE Transactions Med Imaging 17(1):98–107, 1998CrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Abramoff MD, Magelhaes PJ, Ram SJ: Image processing with image. J Biophotonics International 11(7):36–42, 2004 Abramoff MD, Magelhaes PJ, Ram SJ: Image processing with image. J Biophotonics International 11(7):36–42, 2004
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Rehm K, Schaper K, Anderson J, Woods R, Stoltzner S, Rottenberg D: Putting our heads together: a consensus approach to brain/Non-brain segmentation in T1-weighted MR volumes. NeuroImage 22(3):1262–1270, 2004CrossRefPubMed Rehm K, Schaper K, Anderson J, Woods R, Stoltzner S, Rottenberg D: Putting our heads together: a consensus approach to brain/Non-brain segmentation in T1-weighted MR volumes. NeuroImage 22(3):1262–1270, 2004CrossRefPubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Woods RP, Grafton ST, Watson JDG, Sicotte NL, Mazziotta JC: Automated image registration: II intersubject validation of linear and nonlinear models. J Comput Assist Tomogr 22(1):153–165, 1998CrossRefPubMed Woods RP, Grafton ST, Watson JDG, Sicotte NL, Mazziotta JC: Automated image registration: II intersubject validation of linear and nonlinear models. J Comput Assist Tomogr 22(1):153–165, 1998CrossRefPubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Segonne F, Dale AM, Busa E, Glessner M, Salat D, Hahn HK, Fischl B: A hybrid approach to the skull stripping problem in MRI. NeuroImage 22(3):1060–1075, 2004CrossRefPubMed Segonne F, Dale AM, Busa E, Glessner M, Salat D, Hahn HK, Fischl B: A hybrid approach to the skull stripping problem in MRI. NeuroImage 22(3):1060–1075, 2004CrossRefPubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Rex DE, Shattuck DW, Woods RP, Narr KL, Luders E, Rehm K, Stolzner SE, Rotten-berg DA, Toga AW: A meta-algorithm for brain extraction in MRI. NeuroImage 23(2):625–637, 2004CrossRefPubMed Rex DE, Shattuck DW, Woods RP, Narr KL, Luders E, Rehm K, Stolzner SE, Rotten-berg DA, Toga AW: A meta-algorithm for brain extraction in MRI. NeuroImage 23(2):625–637, 2004CrossRefPubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Shi F, Wang L, Gilmore JH, Lin W, Shen D: Learning-based meta-algorithm for MRI brain extraction, Proc. medical image computing and computer assisted intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 6893:313–321, 2011 Shi F, Wang L, Gilmore JH, Lin W, Shen D: Learning-based meta-algorithm for MRI brain extraction, Proc. medical image computing and computer assisted intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 6893:313–321, 2011
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang A, Abugharbieh R, Tam R, Traboulsee A: MRI brain extraction with combined expectation maximization and geodesic active contours. Proc. IEEE Int Symp Signal Proc Inf Technol 107(1):107–111, 2006 Huang A, Abugharbieh R, Tam R, Traboulsee A: MRI brain extraction with combined expectation maximization and geodesic active contours. Proc. IEEE Int Symp Signal Proc Inf Technol 107(1):107–111, 2006
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Carass A, Cuzzocreo J, Wheeler MB, et al: A joint registration and segmentation approach to skull stripping, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Biomedical Imaging. 655-659,2007 Carass A, Cuzzocreo J, Wheeler MB, et al: A joint registration and segmentation approach to skull stripping, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Biomedical Imaging. 655-659,2007
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Iglesias JE, Liu CY, Thompson PM, Tu Z: Robust brain extraction across datasets and comparison with publicly available methods. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 30(9):1617–1634, 2011CrossRefPubMed Iglesias JE, Liu CY, Thompson PM, Tu Z: Robust brain extraction across datasets and comparison with publicly available methods. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 30(9):1617–1634, 2011CrossRefPubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JM, Yoon U, Nam SM, Kim JH, Kim IY, Kim SI: Evaluation of automated and semi-automated skull stripping algorithms using similarity index and segmentation error. Comput Biol Med 33(6):495–507, 2003CrossRefPubMed Lee JM, Yoon U, Nam SM, Kim JH, Kim IY, Kim SI: Evaluation of automated and semi-automated skull stripping algorithms using similarity index and segmentation error. Comput Biol Med 33(6):495–507, 2003CrossRefPubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Boesen K, Rehm L, Schaper K, Stoltzner S, Woods R, Luders E, Rottenberg D: Quan- titative comparison of four brain extraction algorithms. NeuroImage 22(3):1255–1261, 2004CrossRefPubMed Boesen K, Rehm L, Schaper K, Stoltzner S, Woods R, Luders E, Rottenberg D: Quan- titative comparison of four brain extraction algorithms. NeuroImage 22(3):1255–1261, 2004CrossRefPubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Hartley SW, Scher AI, Korf ESC, White LR, Launer LJ: Analysis and validation of automated skull stripping tools: a validation study based on 296 MR images from Honolulu Asia aging study. NeuroImage 30(4):1179–1186, 2006CrossRefPubMed Hartley SW, Scher AI, Korf ESC, White LR, Launer LJ: Analysis and validation of automated skull stripping tools: a validation study based on 296 MR images from Honolulu Asia aging study. NeuroImage 30(4):1179–1186, 2006CrossRefPubMed
100.
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Richard A: Biomedical imaging, visualization and analysis. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, USA, 2000 Richard A: Biomedical imaging, visualization and analysis. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, USA, 2000
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoon UC, Kim JS, Kim IY, Kim SI: Adaptive fuzzy C-means for improved classification as a preprocessing procedure of brain parcellation. J Digit Imaging 14(2):238–240, 2001CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yoon UC, Kim JS, Kim IY, Kim SI: Adaptive fuzzy C-means for improved classification as a preprocessing procedure of brain parcellation. J Digit Imaging 14(2):238–240, 2001CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Sled JG, Zijdenbos AP, Evans AC: A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17(1):87–97, 1998CrossRefPubMed Sled JG, Zijdenbos AP, Evans AC: A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17(1):87–97, 1998CrossRefPubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Medical image denoising using Non-linear spatial mean filters for edge detection. Proc. Signal and Image Processing, New Delhi, 2012, pp 149–154 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Medical image denoising using Non-linear spatial mean filters for edge detection. Proc. Signal and Image Processing, New Delhi, 2012, pp 149–154
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Analysis of imaging artifacts in MR brain images. Oriental J Comput Sci Technol 5(1):135–141, 2012 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Analysis of imaging artifacts in MR brain images. Oriental J Comput Sci Technol 5(1):135–141, 2012
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Medical image contrast enhancement based on gamma correction. Int J Knowl Manag e-learning 3(1):15–18, 2011 Somasundaram K, Kalavathi P: Medical image contrast enhancement based on gamma correction. Int J Knowl Manag e-learning 3(1):15–18, 2011
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Speier W, Iglesias JE, El-Kara L, Tu Z, Arnold C: Robust skull stripping of clinical glioblastoma multiforme data, Proc. medical image computing and computer assisted intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 6893:659–666, 2011 Speier W, Iglesias JE, El-Kara L, Tu Z, Arnold C: Robust skull stripping of clinical glioblastoma multiforme data, Proc. medical image computing and computer assisted intervention (MICCAI). LNCS 6893:659–666, 2011
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer S, Nolte L-P, Reyes M: Skull-stripping for tumor-bearing brain images. In Philippe Buchler and Stephen Ferguson, editors, Annual Meeting of the Swiss Society for Biomedical Engineering, page 2, Bern, April 2011. SSBE Bauer S, Nolte L-P, Reyes M: Skull-stripping for tumor-bearing brain images. In Philippe Buchler and Stephen Ferguson, editors, Annual Meeting of the Swiss Society for Biomedical Engineering, page 2, Bern, April 2011. SSBE
Metadaten
Titel
Methods on Skull Stripping of MRI Head Scan Images—a Review
verfasst von
P. Kalavathi
V. B. Surya Prasath
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2015
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 2948-2925
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-2933
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-015-9847-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2016

Journal of Digital Imaging 3/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.