Materials and methods
Patients
Anesthesia
Surgical technique
Semiprone
Prone
Postoperative treatment
Outcomes
Statistical analysis
Characteristic | Before matching | After matching | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Semiprone (n = 82) | Prone (n = 39) |
P value | Semiprone (n = 39) | Prone (n = 39) |
P value | |||||
n
|
n
|
n
|
n
| |||||||
Gender | ||||||||||
Female | 31 | 37.8% | 10 | 26% | 0.649 | 13 | 33% | 10 | 26% | 0.456 |
Male | 51 | 62.2% | 29 | 74% | 26 | 67% | 29 | 74% | ||
Age (years) | 62 | ± 8.68 | 63 | ± 8.93 | 0.186 | 63 | ± 25.33 | 63 | ± 8.93 | 0.492 |
BMI (kg/m2)a
| 24.95 | ± 4.36 | 24.55 | ± 4.5 | 0.515 | 25.34 | ± 4.86 | 24.55 | ± 4.5 | 0.478 |
ASA score | ||||||||||
I | 22 | 27% | 1 | 2% | 0.004 | 6 | 15% | 1 | 2% | 0.140 |
II | 49 | 60% | 28 | 72% | 24 | 62% | 28 | 72% | ||
III | 11 | 13% | 10 | 26% | 9 | 23% | 10 | 26% | ||
COPD | ||||||||||
No | 69 | 84.1% | 35 | 90% | 0.408 | 33 | 85% | 35 | 90% | 0.498 |
Yes | 13 | 15.9% | 4 | 10% | 6 | 15% | 4 | 10% | ||
Cardiac comorbidity | ||||||||||
No | 61 | 74.4% | 34 | 87% | 0.109 | 34 | 87% | 34 | 87% | 1.000 |
Yes | 21 | 25.6% | 5 | 13% | 5 | 13% | 5 | 13% | ||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||
No | 75 | 91.5% | 35 | 90% | 0.758 | 37 | 95% | 35 | 90% | 0.395 |
Yes | 7 | 8.5% | 4 | 10% | 2 | 5% | 4 | 10% | ||
Smoking | ||||||||||
No | 29 | 35.4% | 23 | 59% | < 0.001 | 19 | 49% | 23 | 59% | 0.364 |
Yes | 53 | 64.6% | 16 | 41% | 20 | 51% | 16 | 41% | ||
Alcohol | ||||||||||
No | 25 | 30.5% | 17 | 44% | 0.174 | 13 | 33% | 17 | 44% | 0.532 |
Yes | 53 | 64.6% | 22 | 46% | 26 | 67% | 22 | 46% | ||
cT stage | ||||||||||
T1,2 | 24 | 29% | 8 | 21% | 0.307 | 10 | 26% | 8 | 21% | 0.591 |
T3,4 | 58 | 71% | 31 | 79% | 29 | 74% | 31 | 79% | ||
cN stage | ||||||||||
N0 | 26 | 32% | 8 | 21% | 0.200 | 10 | 26% | 8 | 21% | 0.591 |
N+ | 56 | 58% | 31 | 79% | 29 | 74% | 31 | 79% | ||
Histology | ||||||||||
ADC | 43 | 53% | 21 | 54% | 0.938 | 23 | 59% | 21 | 54% | 0.648 |
SCC | 39 | 47% | 18 | 46% | 16 | 41% | 18 | 46% | ||
Tumor location | ||||||||||
Proximal | 6 | 7% | 0 | 0% | 0.093 | 2 | 5% | 0 | 0% | 0.108 |
Middle | 22 | 27% | 16 | 41% | 9 | 23% | 16 | 41% | ||
Distal | 54 | 66% | 23 | 59% | 28 | 72% | 23 | 59% | ||
nCRT | ||||||||||
No | 30 | 36.6% | 3 | 8% | 0.001 | 7 | 20% | 3 | 8% | 0.176 |
Yes | 52 | 63.4% | 36 | 92% | 32 | 80% | 36 | 92% |
Results
Before matching | After matching | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Semiprone (n = 82) | Prone (n = 39) |
P value | Semiprone (n = 39) | Prone (n = 39) |
P value | |||||
n
|
n
|
n
|
n
| |||||||
Blood loss (mL) | 320 | (0–1460) | 300 | (100–680) | 0.369 | 388 | (197–547) | 300 | (100–6780) | 0.753 |
Length of operation (min) | 417 | (318–547) | 235 | (147–336) | < 0.001 | 368 | (50–1460) | 225 | (147–336) | < 0.001 |
Total lymph node yield | 18 | (5–80) | 13 | (3–33) | 0.001 | 16 | (6–80) | 13 | (3–33) | 0.019* |
R0 resection | 77 | 94% | 36 | 92% | 0.685 | 36 | 92% | 34 | 92% | 0.946 |
Conversion (total) | 7 | 9% | 4 | 10% | 0.896 | 2 | 5% | 4 | 10% | 0.395 |
Conversion (thoracic phase) | 5 | 6% | 1 | 3% | 0.403 | 2 | 5% | 1 | 3% | 0.556 |
Before matching | After matching | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Semiprone (n = 82) | Prone (n = 39) |
P value | Semiprone (n = 39) | Prone (n = 39) |
P value | |||||
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
| |||||||
In-hospital mortality | 5 | 6% | 2 | 5% | 0.831 | 1 | 3% | 2 | 5% | 0.556 |
Pneumonia | 30 | 37% | 14 | 36% | 0.941 | 19 | 49% | 14 | 36% | 0.252 |
Pulmonary embolism | 2 | 2% | 0 | 0% | 0.325 | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | 0.314 |
Anastomotic leakage | 18 | 22% | 14 | 36% | 0.104 | 10 | 26% | 14 | 36% | 0.326 |
Mediastinitis | 9 | 11% | 6 | 15% | 0.492 | 5 | 13% | 6 | 15% | 0.745 |
Chylothorax | 30 | 37% | 11 | 28% | 0.363 | 15 | 38% | 11 | 28% | 0.337 |
Laryngeal nerve palsy/injury | 6 | 7% | 3 | 8% | 0.941 | 4 | 10% | 3 | 8% | 0.692 |
Wound infection | 3 | 4% | 3 | 8% | 0.339 | 2 | 5% | 3 | 8% | 0.644 |
Arrhythmia | 14 | 17% | 10 | 26% | 0.269 | 6 | 15% | 10 | 26% | 0.262 |
Myocardial infarction | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | – | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | – |
ICU stay | 1 | (1–35) | 1 | (1–30) | 0.731 | 1 | (1–16) | 1 | (1–30) | 0.732 |
Hospital stay | 16 | (8–87) | 17 | (7–84) | 0.879 | 18 | (8–87) | 17 | (7–84) | 0.751 |