Background
Methods
Procedure and patients
Instruments
Statistical analysis
Variable | |
---|---|
Demographic characteristics |
n = 69 Frequency (%) |
Age | 8.7 (4.1)a
|
Gender | |
Male | 40 (58) |
Female | 29 (42) |
Type of education | |
Regular education | 48 (70) |
Special education | 21 (30) |
Social economic status b
| 0.34 (1.29)a
|
Mode of inheritance NF1 | |
De novo mutation | 39 (57) |
Familial mutation | 29 (42) |
Unknown | 1 (1) |
Neuropsychiatric problems | |
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | |
ADHD combined type | 25 (36) |
ADHD inattentive type | 11 (16) |
ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type | 2 (3) |
Total | 38 (55) |
Using stimulant medication | 18 (26) |
Autism spectrum disorder (PDD-NOS) | 7 (10) |
Neurologic and orthopaedic problems | |
Hypotonia | 14 (20) |
Hypermobility (Beighton criteria) | 13 (19) |
Scoliosis | 7 (10) |
Domain | Number | Mean | SDa
| BCRb (%) | CRb (%) | ESc
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent-rated emotional and behavioural problemsd
| ||||||
Internalising problems | 58 | 59 | 10 | 19 | 37 | 0.9***
|
Externalising problems | 58 | 55 | 12 | 8 | 27 | 0.5**
|
Total problems | 58 | 61 | 11 | 10 | 41 | 1.0***
|
Intelligencee
| ||||||
Verbal IQ | 68 | 92 | 15 | 0.5***
| ||
Performance IQ | 68 | 88 | 14 | 0.8***
| ||
Total IQ | 69 | 89 | 13 | 0.8***
| ||
Movement ABC-1 and 2 (n = 69) | ||||||
Classification normalf
| 15 (22%) | |||||
Classification borderlinef
| 12 (17%) | |||||
Classification clinicalf
| 42 (61%) | |||||
Movement ABC-2g (n = 34) | ||||||
Manual dexterity | 34 | 5.8 | 3.3 | 1.3***
| ||
Ball skills | 34 | 6.7 | 3.6 | 1.0***
| ||
Balance | 33 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 1.4***
| ||
Total | 34 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 1.7***
|
Results
Patient characteristics
Motor problems
Variable | Number | B (SE) | 95% CI of odds ratio | Wald |
R
2
|
p
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | OR | Upper | ||||||
Age | 69 | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.77 | 0.93 | 1.12 | 4.31 | .01 | .429 |
Gender | 69 | 0.56 (0.49) | 0.22 | 0.57 | 1.49 | 1.31 | .02 | .253 |
Type of education | 69 | 0.84 (0.58) | 0.14 | 0.43 | 1.35 | 2.08 | .04 | .135#
|
Social economic status | 69 | −0.10 (0.19) | 0.77 | 1.10 | 1.59 | 0.29 | .01 | .595 |
Mode of inheritance | 69 | −0.42 (0.49) | 0.59 | 1.53 | 3.95 | 0.76 | .01 | .383 |
ADHD | 69 | 1.01 (0.49) | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 4.22 | .07 | .038*
|
Using stimulant medication | 69 | −0.35 (0.54) | 0.49 | 1.41 | 4.05 | 0.41 | .01 | .523 |
Autism spectrum disordera
| 69 | – | – | NA | – | – | .12 | .035**
|
Hypotonia | 69 | 0.28 (0.60) | 0.23 | 0.76 | 2.47 | 0.21 | <.01 | .644 |
Hypermobility | 69 | 0.98 (0.70) | 0.10 | 0.38 | 1.49 | 1.94 | .04 | .140#
|
Scoliosis | 69 | 0.25 (0.79) | 0.28 | 1.28 | 5.97 | 0.10 | <.01 | .755 |
Writing problems at school | 69 | −0.20 (0.50) | 0.46 | 1.22 | 3.25 | 0.16 | <.01 | .694 |
CBCL Internalising problems | 58 | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 2.23 | .04 | .134#
|
CBCL Externalising problems | 58 | −0.04 (0.02) | 0.10 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 3.30 | .07 | .063#
|
CBCL Total problems | 58 | −0.05 (0.03) | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.10 | 3.65 | .08 | .051#
|
Verbal IQ | 68 | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.41 | .01 | .519 |
Performance IQ | 68 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 2.43 | .04 | .115#
|
Total IQ | 69 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 2.10 | .04 | .141#
|
Variables | Number | B (SE) | 95% CI of OR | Wald |
R
2
|
p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | OR | Upper | ||||||
Neuropsychiatric problems | ||||||||
ADHD | 69 | 1.01 (0.49) | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 4.22 | .07 | .038*
|
Autism spectrum disordera
| 69 | – | – | NA | – | – | .12 | .035*
|
Emotional and behavioural problems | ||||||||
Model 1 | 58 | .07 | .168 | |||||
Internalising problems | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.95 | 1.01 | 1.08 | 0.10 | .757 | ||
Externalising problems | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.44 | .235 | ||
Model 2 | 58 | |||||||
Externalising problems | −0.04 (0.02) | 0.10 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 3.30 | .07 | .063 | |
Intelligence | ||||||||
Model 1 | 68 | .04 | .289 | |||||
Performance IQ | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 0.71 | .401 | ||
Total IQ | 0.001 (0.03) | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 0.001 | .973 | ||
Model 2 | 68 | |||||||
Performance IQ | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 2.43 | .04 | .115 |