Background
Methods
Participants
Data collection
Exposure
Confounding variables
Outcome
Statistical analysis
Multi-state model
Mean of survival time
Results
Descriptive
According to JNC7 | According to the 2017 ACC/AHA | Total population N = 3002 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertensive n = 1301 | Normotensive n = 1701 | P-value | Hypertensive n = 2060 | Normotensive n = 942 | P-value | ||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 531 (40.8) | 891 (52.4) | < 0.001 | 897 (43.5) | 525 (55.7) | < 0.001 | 1422 (47.4) |
Female | 770 (59.2) | 810 (47.6) | 1163 (56.5) | 417 (44.3) | 1580 (52.6) | ||
Age (year) | 61.4(7.6) | 58.8(7.2) | < 0.001 | 60.5 (7.5) | 58.9 (7.4) | < 0.001 | 60.0(7.5) |
TC (mmol/L) | 6.07 (1.28) | 5.77 (1.18) | < 0.001 | 6.00 (1.25) | 5.68 (1.17) | < 0.001 | 5.90 (1.23) |
SBP (mmHg) | 149.9(19.7) | 119.1(11.4) | < 0.001 | 141.3 (20.0) | 113.04 (9.5) | < 0.001 | 132.4(21.8) |
DBP (mmHg) | 88.8(11.5) | 75.2(7.9) | < 0.001 | 86.01 (10.40) | 70.46 (6.17) | < 0.001 | 81.1(11.7) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8(4.5) | 26.9(4.2) | < 0.001 | 28.4 (4.4) | 26.2 (4.2) | < 0.001 | 27.7(4.5) |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Smoking status | |||||||
Current | 103(7.9) | 293(17.2) | < 0.001 | 187 (9.1) | 209 (22.3) | < 0.001 | 396(13.1) |
Never | 1033(79.4) | 1211(71.1) | 1620 (78.8) | 624 (66.5) | 2244(74.7) | ||
Past | 162(12.4) | 192(11.2) | 248 (12.1) | 106 (11.3) | 354(11.7) | ||
Diabetes | |||||||
Yes | 386(29.6) | 294(17.2) | < 0.001 | 539 (27.0) | 141 (15.5) | < 0.001 | 680(22.6) |
No | 872(67.0) | 1353(79.5) | 1456 (73.0) | 769 (84.5) | 2225(74.1) | ||
Antihypertensive medication use | |||||||
yes | 498 (38.3) | 0 | 498 (24.2) | 0 | 498(16.6) |
Total entering | Destination states | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Origin states | 1: CVD-free | 2: Non-fatal CVD | 3: CVD death | ||
Multi-state model 1 | 1: CVD-free | 3002 | 2245 (74.8%) | 601 (20%) | 156 (5.2%) |
2: Non-fatal CVD | 601 | – | 530 (88.1%) | 71 (11.9%) | |
3: CVD death | 227 | – | – | 227 (100%) | |
Multi-state model 2 | 1: CVD-free | 2: Non-fatal CVD | 3: All-cause death | ||
1: CVD-free | 3002 | 2034 (67.7%) | 601 (20.1%) | 367 (12.2%) | |
2: Non-fatal CVD | 601 | – | 475 (79.0%) | 126 (21.0%) | |
3: All-cause death | 493 | – | – | 493 (100%) |
Results of MSM1
Number of participants entered /number of events | Sex and age adjusted HR (95% CI) | Confounders adjusted HR (95% CI) | Number of participants entered /number of events | Sex and age adjusted HR (95% CI) | Confounders adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multi-state model 1 | ||||||
Transitions | According to JNC7 | According to the 2017 ACC/AHA | ||||
CVD-free to non-fatal CVD | ||||||
Total | 3002/601 | 3002/601 | ||||
Normotensive | 1701/283 | Reference | Reference | 942/143 | Reference | Reference |
Hypertensive | 1301/318 | 1.64 (1.39–1.93)* | 1.52 (1.28–1.81)* | 2060/458 | 1.55 (1.28–1.87)* | 1.48 (1.21–1.80)† |
CVD-free to CVD death | ||||||
Total | 3002/156 | 3002/156 | ||||
Normotensive | 1701/49 | Reference | Reference | 942/29 | Reference | Reference |
Hypertensive | 1301/107 | 2.81 (1.99–3.97)* | 2.96 (2.06–4.25)* | 2060/127 | 1.92 (1.27–2.88)* | 1.98 (1.30–3.04)† |
Non-fatal CVD to CVD death | ||||||
Total | 601/71 | 601/71 | ||||
Normotensive | 245/30 | Reference | Reference | 142/20 | Reference | Reference |
Hypertensive | 356/41 | 1.02 (0.63–1.64) | 1.06 (0.65–1.72) | 459/51 | 0.79 (0.47–1.33) | 0.85 (0.50–1.44) |
Multi-state model 2 | ||||||
CVD-free to non-fatal CVD | ||||||
Total | 3002/601 | 3002/601 | ||||
Normotensive | 1701/283 | Reference | Reference | 942/143 | Reference | Reference |
Hypertensive | 1301/318 | 1.64 (1.39–1.93)* | 1.52 (1.28–1.81)* | 2060/458 | 1.55 (1.28–1.87)* | 1.48 (1.21–1.80)* |
CVD-free to all-cause death CVD-free to CVD death | ||||||
Total | 3002/493 | 3002/493 | ||||
Normotensive | 1701/208 | Reference | Reference | 942/122 | Reference | Reference |
Hypertensive | 1301/285 | 1.62 (1.31–2.00)* | 1.64 (1.32–2.05)* | 2060/371 | 1.30 (1.02–1.66)† | 1.31 (1.01–1.69)† |
Non-fatal CVD to all-cause death | ||||||
Total | 601/126 | 601/126 | ||||
Normotensive | 245/51 | Reference | Reference | 142/31 | Reference | Reference |
Hypertensive | 356/75 | 1.09 (0.76–1.56) | 1.13 (0.78–1.63) | 459/95 | 0.95 (0.63–1.43) | 1.00 (0.66–1.51) |
Hypertension status | RMST Mean (CI) | RMST Difference (CI) | RMTL Mean (CI) | RMTL Ratios (CI) | RMST Mean (CI) | RMST Difference (CI) | RMTL Mean (CI) | RMTL Ratios (CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multi-state model 1 | |||||||||
Transition | According to JNC7 | According to the 2017 ACC/AHA | |||||||
CVD-free to non-fatal CVD | Normotensives | 13.6 (13.4–13.7) | −0.9 (−1.1,− 0.6)* | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9)* | 13.7 (13.4–13.9) | -0.6 (− 0.8,-0.3)* | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7)* |
Hypertensives | 12.7 (12.5–13.0) | 2.3 (1.9–2.4) | 13.1 (12.9–13.2) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | |||||
CVD-free to CVD death | Normotensives | 14.7 (14.6–14.8) | −0.5 (−0.7,− 0.3)* | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 2.6 (2.1–4.2)* | 14.7 (14.6–14.8) | -0.3 (− 0.4,− 0.1)* | 0.3 (0.1–0.3) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) † |
Hypertensives | 14.2 (14.1–14.3) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 14.4 (14.3–14.5) | 0.6 (0.4–0.6) | |||||
Non-fatal CVD to CVD death | Normotensives | 10.6 (10.1–11.0) | −0.1 (− 0.7, 0.5) | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 10.6 (9.7–11.0) | -0.1 (− 0.5, 0.9) | 1.4 (0.6–1.9) | 1.1 (0.5, 1.4) |
Hypertensives | 10.5(10.0–10.9) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 10.5(10.2–10.9) | 1.5 (1.1–1.8) | |||||
Multi-state model 2 | |||||||||
CVD-free to non-fatal CVD | Normotensives | 13.6 (13.5–13.8) | − 0.9 (−1.1,− 0.6)* | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9)* | 13.7 (13.5, 13.9) | -0.6 (− 0.8,-0.3)* | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7)* |
Hypertensives | 12.7 (12.5–13.0) | 2.2 (1.9–2.4) | 13.1 (12.9, 13.2) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | |||||
CVD-free to all-cause death | Normotensives | 14.2 (14.1–14.3) | −0.7 (−0.9,-0.5)* | 0.8 (0.6–0.8) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3)* | 14.2 (14.0, 14.3) | −0.4 (− 0.5,-0.1)† | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.8)† |
Hypertensives | 13.5 (13.3–13.7) | 1.5 (1.2–1.6) | 13.8 (13.6, 13.9) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | |||||
Non-fatal CVD to all-cause death | Normotensives | 9.7 (9.2–10.3) | −0.3 (−1.1, 0.3) | 2.3 (1.7–2.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 9.51 (8.7, 10.2) | 0.01 (−0.8, 0.9) | 2.47 (1.8, 3.4) | 1.01 (0.9, 1.1) |
Hypertensives | 9.4 (8.8–9.8) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 9.50 (9.1–10.0) | 2.49 (2.0, 2.8) |
Difference of estimated RMST | SE | P-value | Difference of estimated RMST | SE | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multi-state model 1 | ||||||
Transition | According to JNC7 | According to the 2017 ACC/AHA | ||||
CVD-free to non-fatal CVD | ||||||
Hypertensives | −0.71 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | − 0.5 | 0.14 | < 0.001 |
CVD-free to CVD death | ||||||
Hypertensives | −0.71 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | −0.5 | 0.14 | < 0.001 |
Non-fatal CVD to CVD death | ||||||
Hypertensives | −0.12 | 0.4 | 0.75 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.838 |
Multi-state model 2 | ||||||
CVD-free to non-fatal CVD | ||||||
Hypertensives | −0.71 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | − 0.54 | 0.14 | < 0.001 |
CVD-free to all-cause death | ||||||
Hypertensives | −0.71 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | −0.54 | 0.14 | < 0.001 |
Non-fatal CVD to all-cause death | ||||||
Hypertensives | −0.35 | 0.44 | 0.42 | −0.30 | 0.44 | 0.567 |