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Erschienen in: Der Internist 6/2013

01.06.2013 | Schwerpunkt

Myelodysplastische Syndrome

verfasst von: PD Dr. A. Giagounidis

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 6/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Myelodysplastische Syndrome sind klonale Erkrankungen der Blutstammzellen, die in 30–40 % der Fälle in akute myeloische Leukämien übergehen. In anfänglichen Stadien haben die klonalen Zellen zwar einen Wachstumsvorteil und überbevölkern das Knochenmark. Es fehlt ihnen jedoch das Potenzial zur geregelten Ausreifung, sodass trotz eines zellreichen Knochenmarks im Blut Zytopenien unterschiedlicher Ausprägung vorliegen. Die Knochenmarkvorläuferzellen werden apoptotisch. Im weiteren Verlauf akkumulieren jedoch zusätzliche genetische Schäden, die eine verstärkte Proliferation ermöglichen, was den gehäuften Leukämieübergang erklärt. In Frühphasen der Erkrankung stehen daher supportive Maßnahmen oder der Versuch der Stärkung der Resthämatopoese mit Wachstumsfaktoren im Vordergrund. Immunologische und immunmodulatorische Therapieansätze können den malignen Zellklon in manchen Fällen langfristig kontrollieren. Ist die Erkrankung in ein proliferatives Stadium übergetreten, werden zytotoxische Verfahren angewendet. Dabei kommen die intensive Chemotherapie gefolgt von einer allogenen Stammzelltransplantation oder epigenetische Therapiemechanismen zur Proliferationshemmung und Differenzierungsinduktion zum Einsatz.
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Metadaten
Titel
Myelodysplastische Syndrome
verfasst von
PD Dr. A. Giagounidis
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 6/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-012-3214-3

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