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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 9/2004

01.10.2004 | Aktuelles

Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie in der Psychiatrie

verfasst von: PD Dr. A. J. Fallgatter, A. Ch. Ehlis, A. Wagener, T. Michel, M. J. Herrmann

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 9/2004

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Zusammenfassung

Die Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (NIRS) ist eine nichtinvasive optische Methode zur Messung der regionalen Hirngewebeoxygenierung in vivo. Licht aus dem nah-infraroten Spektrum kann die Schädelkalotte durchdringen und wird im Hirngewebe hauptsächlich von Oxy- (O2Hb) und Deoxyhämoglobin (HHb) absorbiert. Aus der Relation von in das Gehirn abgegebenem zu reflektiertem Nah-Infrarot-Licht kann daher spektrophotometrisch die regionale Konzentrationsänderung von O2Hb und HHb berechnet werden. Es wurde bereits gezeigt, dass NIRS nicht nur massive Hirndurchblutungsstörungen bei schweren neurologischen Erkrankungen erfassen kann, sondern dass die Methode auch ausreichend sensitiv ist, um bei gesunden Probanden aufgabenspezifische Aktivierungsmuster während definierter kognitiver Prozesse zu messen. Erste Untersuchungen an psychiatrischen Patienten weisen auf veränderte regionale Hirngewebsoxygenierungen im Vergleich zu Kontrollgruppen während kognitiver Aktivierungsaufgaben hin. NIRS hat aufgrund seiner unkomplizierten, schnellen Durchführung, seiner Nebenwirkunsfreiheit und der hohen Akzeptanz bei psychiatrischen Patienten eindeutige Vorteile im Vergleich zu anderen Methoden der funktionellen Bildgebung, die die Methode auch als potenzielles Screeningverfahren in der Psychiatrie attraktiv erscheinen lassen. Voraussetzung dafür ist allerdings, dass sich in Zukunft stabile und reliable NIRS-Parameter mit diagnostischem und/oder prognostischem Wert für bestimmte psychiatrische Erkrankungen entwickeln lassen, was nur durch eine breitere Nutzung dieser Methode in der psychiatrischen Forschung in Verbindung mit bereits etablierten Methoden der Neurophysiologie und der funktionellen Bildgebung gelingen wird.
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Metadaten
Titel
Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie in der Psychiatrie
verfasst von
PD Dr. A. J. Fallgatter
A. Ch. Ehlis
A. Wagener
T. Michel
M. J. Herrmann
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 9/2004
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-002-1457-2

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