Background
Methods
Materials and data selection
Policy paper | Publisher | Year | Pages | Target |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Principles of good occupational healthcare practice guide | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health/Finnish Institute of Occupational Health | 2014 | 317 | OHC professionals |
2. National nutrition recommendations | National Nutrition Council | 2014 | 60 | Healthcare, catering and food industry professionals, authorities, and public health organizations |
3. Guidelines of the working group to monitor and develop mass catering services | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health | 2010 | 82 | Administration, private sector, social partners, NGOs |
4. National strategy for physical activity promoting health and well-being 2020 | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health | 2013 | 62 | National and local actors |
5. Action plan of the National Obesity Programme 2012–2015 | National Institute for Health and Well-being | 2013 | 59 | State and municipal administration, healthcare, early childhood education, education, sports department, technical and community planning, educational organizations, NGOs, defence forces, employers and trade unions, food industry, trade, restaurants and catering, media, research institutions |
6. National strategy for the reduction of sedentary behaviour | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health | 2015 | 44 | Children, adolescents, parents, instructors, teachers, day care, schools, municipalities, students, employees, study communities, work communities, aged, care services |
Ref [1]. National action plan for walking and cycling 2020 | Finnish Transport Agency | 2012 | 76 | State, municipal and private sector actors |
Ref [2]. Recommendations for physical activity promotion in municipalities | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health | 2010 | 24 | Municipality management, ports department, social and health department, youth department, culture and library department, technical departments |
6. Tec 1. Clinical practice guidelines for physical activity | Finnish Medical Society Duodecim | 2016 | 27 | Healthcare professionals |
7. Tec 2. Clinical practice guideline for obesity care | Finnish Medical Society Duodecim | 2013 | 27 | Healthcare professionals |
Tec 3. Physical activity prescription | UKK Institute | 2013 | 23 | Healthcare professionals |
Coding
Mechanisms of action | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
COM-B | N (%) | TDF | N (%) |
Example
|
Psychological capability | 34 (22) | Knowledge | 27 (14) |
Employees are given written instructions, handouts, and material for health promotion.
|
Skills | 12 (6) |
A customer needs to be guided in putting together a recommended meal.
| ||
MAD | 7 (4) |
Healthy choices are positioned so that they are easy to select from the service line.
| ||
BR | 6 (3) |
Recognize your habits by measuring your activity and steps. | ||
Physical capability | 2 (1) | Skills | 2 (1) |
The OHC professional makes sure that an employee has the knowledge and skills needed for health and safety at work and for the promotion of work ability. |
Physical opportunity | 47 (31) | Env. | 48 (25) |
Local actors enhance opportunities for varying working postures by activating furniture and equipment.
|
Social opportunity | 37 (24) | Social Influences | 38 (20) |
Influencing personal health-related attitudes, lifestyles, and risk behaviour by discussion.
|
Reflective motivation | 24 (16) | S/P id | 1 (1) |
Seminar organizer may encourage the audience into a standing ovation - you can be the Trendsetter too!
|
B Cap | 6 (3) |
Monitoring and evaluation of employee lifestyle choices.
| ||
Optimism | 1 (1) |
Positive aspects and even small advances are always identified first.
| ||
B Con | 17 (9) |
Physically active lifestyle and healthy nutrition are highlighted as a part of health and well-being.
| ||
Intentions | 8 (4) |
Needs for change are identified as part of lifestyle counselling.
| ||
Goals | 4 (2) |
Define the goals of physical activity. | ||
Automatic motivation | 10 (6) | S/P id | 1 (1) |
Public sector employees also need to lead by example in the promotion of walking and cycling.
|
Optimism | 0 (0) | - | ||
Reinforcement | 9 (5) |
Food must also be tasty and served in an appealing manner.
| ||
Emotion | 2 (1) |
The physically inactive are enabled to experience physical activity as a source of pleasure.
| ||
Total | 154 (100%) | Total | 189 (100%) |
Intervention function N (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education 27 (23) | Persuasion 15 (13) | Incentivization 6 (5) | Coercion 2 (2) | Training 2 (2) | Restriction 5 (4) | Env. restructuring 34 (29) | Modelling 1 (1) | Enablement 24 (20) | Total 116 (100%) |
BCTs | Examples | N (%) | |||||||
Goal-setting (behaviour) |
Goals and actions are recorded in personal health plans in order of importance.
| 3 (2) | |||||||
Goal-setting (outcome) |
Goals and actions are recorded in personal health plans in order of importance.
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Action-planning |
Employees are given a copy of the personal health plan.
| 2 (1) | |||||||
Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal |
Pointing out the discrepancy between current behaviour and important goals for the patient is aimed at.
| 3 (2) | |||||||
Behavioural contract |
Goals and actions are recorded in personal health plans in order of importance.
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Monitoring of behavioura
|
Achievement of goals needs to be monitored.
| 3 (2) | |||||||
Feedback on behaviour |
Monitoring and evaluation of employee lifestyle choices.
| 3 (2) | |||||||
Self-monitoringa
|
Customers are supported in self-monitoring. | 1 (1) | |||||||
Self-monitoring of behaviour |
For example, a food diary can be used for planning, following, and monitoring a diet.
| 4 (2) | |||||||
Social support (unspecified) |
Encouragement to make health promoting choices.
| 18 (11) | |||||||
Social support (emotional) |
The patient is not criticized but understanding for their reactions is shown and emotions are accepted.
| 4 (2) | |||||||
Instructions on how to perform the behaviour |
Information can be given by presenting model meals that are compiled of day supply.
| 20 (12) | |||||||
Information about antecedents |
Factors and resources supporting the change are identified. | 1 (1) | |||||||
Information about health consequences |
Physically active lifestyle and healthy nutrition are highlighted as a part of health and well-being.
| 11 (7) | |||||||
Demonstration of the behaviour |
Supervisors, lead by example. | 2 (1) | |||||||
Prompts/cues |
The heart symbol helps to select suitable foods for the recommended diet.
| 3 (2) | |||||||
Behavioural practice/rehearsal |
For example, selecting healthy foods can be rehearsed in practice.
| 7 (4) | |||||||
Behaviour substitution |
Instead of sitting, various activities can be done while standing or lightly moving. Lunch, coffee breaks and screen work also work well while standing.
| 2 (1) | |||||||
Habit formation |
Continue to conduct the change persistently, because new habits turn into practice within couple of weeks or months.
| 5 (3) | |||||||
Habit reversal |
Change your daily routines one by one so that you reduce sedentary behaviour and take breaks during long sedentary periods.
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Generalization of target behaviour |
Change your daily routines one by one so that you reduce sedentary behaviour and take breaks during long sedentary periods.
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Material incentive |
A tax-free compensation for commuting by bicycling paid by the employer.
| 4 (2) | |||||||
Social reward |
Monitoring and evaluation of employee’s lifestyle choices.
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Reduce negative emotions |
Change your routines one by one. Keep changing persistently. Be moderate in everything. Heavy work might warrant a rest by sitting or even lying down.
| 3 (2) | |||||||
Restructuring the physical environment |
Healthiness of catering for meetings is important to take into account.
| 38 (24) | |||||||
Restructuring the social environment |
Write down rules for reduction and breaking of sedentary behaviour together with different stakeholders in the work community.
| 11 (7) | |||||||
Avoidance of exposure to cues for the behaviour |
Avoidance of exposure to unnecessary temptations (e.g.energyintensive snack foods are not purchased for the home).
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Adding objects to the environment |
Local actors enhance opportunities for varying work postures by activating furniture and equipment.
| 4 (2) | |||||||
Identification of self as role model |
Seminar organizer may encourage the audience into standing ovation - you can be the Trendsetter too!
| 2 (1) | |||||||
Incompatible beliefs |
Pointing out the discrepancy between current behaviour and important values for the patient is aimed at.
| 1 (1) | |||||||
Verbal persuasion about capability |
Identification and reinforcement of personal strengths are aimed at. Positive aspects and even small advances are always identified first.
| 2 (1) | |||||||
Total number of observed BCTs | 163 (100%) |
Results
Target | Examples | Total(%) | Nutr.(%) | PA(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual |
Use stairs whenever possible.
Monitoring and evaluation of employee’s lifestyle choices.
| 57 (46) | 39 (50) | 46 (55) |
Community |
Rethink meeting practices to reduce sedentary behaviour at your workplace.
| 13 (10) | 2 (3) | 12 (14) |
Environment |
Healthiness of catering for meetings is important to take into account.
| 55 (44) | 37 (47) | 25 (30) |
Total | 125 (100%) | 78 (100%) | 83 (100%) |