Background
Methods
Participants
NSP prevalence
Physical Activity characterisation
Other measures
Data analysis
Results
Descriptor | Females | Males | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Physical characteristics (mean, SD)
| |||
Age (years) | 14.0 (0.19) | 14.0 (0.19) | 0.184 |
Height (cm) | 162.4 (6.3) | 166.4 (9.1) | <0.0001 |
Mass (kg) | 56.7 (12.3) | 57.5 (13.1) | 0.458 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 (4.1) | 20.6 (3.7) | 0.018 |
Prevalence of neck/shoulder pain (%)
| |||
no neck pain | 49.1 | 58.3 | 0.02 |
neck pain ever | 50.9 | 41.7 | 0.02 |
neck pain in past month | 34.1 | 23.5 | 0.003 |
chronic neck pain (> 3 month duration) | 9.2 | 6.2 | 0.164 |
Physical activity characteristic | Females | Males | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Level (%)
| |||
Sedentary activities (1 MET)
| |||
More than 75 hours/week | 14.0 | 11.6 | |
>70–75 hours/week | 32.5 | 33.2 | |
>65–70 hours/week | 23.9 | 18.5 | 0.283 |
>60 to 65 hours/week | 22.2 | 26.4 | |
60 hours/week or less | 7.4 | 10.3 | |
Light activities (>1–3 METs)
| |||
More than 95 hours/week | 12.5 | 14.0 | |
>90–95 hours/week | 16.8 | 14.0 | |
>80–90 hours/week | 47.6 | 37.7 | 0.003 |
>70–80 hours/week | 18.0 | 22.3 | |
70 hours/week or less | 5.1 | 12.0 | |
Moderate activities (>3–6 METs)
| |||
More than 18 hours/week | 10.3 | 12.7 | |
>12–18 hours/week | 18.2 | 13.0 | |
>5–12 hours/week | 53.3 | 42.1 | <0.0001 |
>3–5 hours/week | 11.4 | 15.8 | |
3 hours/week or less | 6.8 | 16.4 | |
Vigorous activities (> 6 METs)
| |||
More than 8 hours/week | 8.3 | 29.4 | |
>4–8 hours/week | 18.2 | 29.4 | |
>2–4 hours/week | 25.1 | 15.8 | <0.0001 |
>0–2 hours/week | 32.5 | 15.5 | |
0 hours/week | 15.9 | 9.9 | |
Nature (%)
| |||
Dynamic activities
| |||
More than 40 hours/week | 8.0 | 5.1 | |
>30–40 hours/week | 19.9 | 18.5 | |
>20–30 hours/week | 50.2 | 42.8 | <0.0001 |
>15–20 hours/week | 16.5 | 15.1 | |
15 hours/week or less | 5.4 | 18.5 | |
Static activities
| |||
More than 155 hours/week | 1.7 | 8.2 | |
>145–155 hours/week | 31.1 | 30.1 | |
>135–145 hours/week | 43.0 | 41.8 | 0.002 |
>130–135 hours/week | 10.8 | 10.6 | |
130 hours/week or less | 13.4 | 9.3 | |
Lying
| |||
More than 90 hours/week | 9.7 | 9.9 | |
>80–90 hours/week | 21.6 | 27.4 | |
>70–80 hours/week | 45.9 | 36.0 | 0.157 |
>65–70 hours/week | 14.2 | 17.5 | |
65 hours/week or less | 8.6 | 9.2 | |
Sitting
| |||
More than 70 hours/week | 10.8 | 17.8 | |
>60–70 hours/week | 26.2 | 31.2 | |
>50–60 hours/week | 34.5 | 28.4 | 0.016 |
>40–50 hours/week | 18.0 | 16.4 | |
40 hours/week or less | 10.5 | 6.2 | |
Standing
| |||
More than 20 hours/week | 12.2 | 2.0 | |
>15–20 hours/week | 24.5 | 9.6 | <0.0001 |
>10–15 hours/week | 40.2 | 29.8 | |
>5–10 hours/week | 19.7 | 41.1 | |
5 hours/week or less | 3.4 | 17.5 | |
Sedentary activities (%)
| |||
Time watching TV
| |||
More than 32 hours/week | 7.1 | 13.7 | |
>23–32 hours/week | 12.5 | 19.5 | |
>10–23 hours/week | 49.9 | 45.6 | 0.001 |
>6–10 hours/week | 19.1 | 12.3 | |
10 hours/week or less | 11.4 | 8.9 | |
Total reading time
| |||
More than 4 hours/week | 18.5 | 18.5 | |
>2–4 hours/week | 22.8 | 17.1 | |
>1–2 hours/week | 17.6 | 17.8 | 0.115 |
>0–1 hours/week | 19.7 | 17.5 | |
0 hours/week | 21.4 | 29.1 | |
Time at computer
| |||
More than 12 hours/week | 17.1 | 26.0 | |
>6–12 hours/week | 23.6 | 23.3 | |
>3–6 hours/week | 23.1 | 19.5 | 0.072 |
>0–3 hours/week | 25.1 | 22.9 | |
0 hours/week | 11.7 | 8.2 | |
Total IT time (TV + computer)
| |||
More than 46 hours/week | 3.1 | 17.5 | |
>35–46 hours/week | 10.5 | 19.2 | |
>18–35 hours/week | 52.2 | 46.9 | <0.0001 |
>12–18 hours/week | 18.5 | 10.9 | |
12 hours/week or less | 15.7 | 5.5 |
Level of physical activity and NSP
Physical activity level | Females | Males | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion reporting NSP (%) | Adjusteda OR (CI) | Proportion reporting NSP (%) | Adjusteda OR (CI) | |
Sedentary (1 MET)
| ||||
More than 75 hours/week | 28.6 | 0.64 (0.31–1.33) | 26.5 | 0.94 (0.39–2.27) |
>70–75 hours/week | 21.7 |
*0.44 (0.23–0.85)
| 13.0 |
*0.38 (0.15–0.96)
|
>65–70 hours/week | 38.6 | 1 | 27.8 | 1 |
>60 to 65 hours/week | 46.8 | 1.37 (0.76–2.47) | 27.0 | 0.96 (0.48–1.88) |
60 hours/week or less | 26.9 | 0.59 (0.23–1.53) | 16.7 | 0.51 (0.18–1.48) |
Light (>1–3 METs)
| ||||
More than 95 hours/week | 36.4 | 1.40 (0.69–2.85) | 20.0 | 0.79 (0.32–1.94) |
>90–95 hours/week | 44.1 | 1.79 (0.96–3.30) | 25.0 | 1.06 (0.45–2.45) |
>80–90 hours/week | 28.9 | 1 | 23.8 | 1 |
>70–80 hours/week | 35.5 | 1.35 (0.73–2.51) | 24.6 | 1.04 (0.51–2.13) |
70 hours/week or less | 38.9 | 1.72 (0.61–4.84) | 22.9 | 0.96 (0.38–2.38) |
Moderate (>3–6 METs)
| ||||
More than 18 hours/week | 41.7 | 1.49 (0.71–3.14) | 24.3 | 1.14 (0.48–2.71) |
>12–18 hours/week | 35.5 | 1.09 (0.60–1.99) | 21.6 | 0.97 (0.40–2.36) |
>5–12 hours/week | 34.2 | 1 | 22.1 | 1 |
>3–5 hours/week | 25.0 | 0.66 (0.30–1.44) | 22.2 | 1.02 (0.45–2.34) |
3 hours/week or less | 33.3 | 0.99 (0.40–2.45) | 29.2 | 1.45 (0.68–3.10) |
Vigorous (> 6 METs)
| ||||
More than 8 hours/week | 37.9 | 1.25 (0.52–2.99) | 29.1 | 1.29 (0.56–2.95) |
>4–8 hours/week | 33.9 | 0.99 (0.49–1.98) | 15.5 | 0.56 (0.23–1.37) |
>2–4 hours/week | 33.0 | 1 | 24.4 | 1 |
>0–2 hours/week | 30.7 | 0.90 (0.50–1.64) | 28.9 | 1.24 (0.49–3.19) |
0 hours/week | 41.1 | 1.40 (0.69–2.82) | 20.7 | 0.79 (0.25–2.44) |
Nature of Activity and NSP
Nature of activity | Females | Males | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion reporting NSP (%) | Adjusteda OR (CI) | Proportion reporting NSP (%) | Adjusteda OR (CI) | |
Dynamic
| ||||
More than 40 hours/week | 39.3 | 1.62 (0.70–3.72) | 13.3 | 0.57 (0.12–2.70) |
>30–40 hours/week | 40.6 | 1.60 (0.90–2.86) | 34.0 | 1.97 (0.96–4.04) |
>20–30 hours/week | 30.3 | 1 | 21.1 | 1 |
>15–20 hours/week | 31.0 | 1.0 (0.52–1.92) | 25.0 | 1.24 (0.55–2.79) |
15 hours/week or less | 47.4 | 2.11 (0.81–5.52) | 20.4 | 0.97 (0.44–2.14) |
Static
| ||||
More than 155 hours/week | 33.3 | 0.97 (0.17–5.55) | 16.7 | 0.69 (0.22–2.22) |
>145–155 hours/week | 33.0 | 0.95 (0.56–1.61) | 25.0 | 1.13 (0.59–2.17) |
>135–145 hours/week | 34.0 | 1 | 22.7 | 1 |
>130–135 hours/week | 34.2 | 1.02 (0.48–2.18) | 22.6 | 1.01 (0.39–2.60) |
130 hours/week or less | 37.0 | 1.20 (0.60–2.40) | 29.6 | 1.44 (0.56–3.66) |
Lying
| ||||
More than 90 hours/week | 38.2 | 1.42 (0.65–3.07) | 27.6 | 1.13 (0.44–2.88) |
>80–90 hours/week | 28.0 | 0.82 (0.44–1.52) | 17.5 | 0.61 (0.29–1.26) |
>70–80 hours/week | 30.4 | 1 | 26.0 | 1 |
>65–70 hours/week | 61.2 |
*3.51 (1.80–6.87)
| 30.6 | 1.26 (0.59–2.66) |
65 hours/week or less | 20.0 | 0.56 (0.22–1.46) | 14.8 | 0.49 (0.16–1.56) |
Sitting
| ||||
More than 70 hours/week | 29.0 | 0.81 (0.36–1.79) | 23.5 | 1.37 (0.58–3.22) |
>60–70 hours/week | 34.8 | 1.02 (0.57–1.83) | 24.4 | 1.44 (0.69–3.01) |
>50–60 hours/week | 34.2 | 1 | 18.3 | 1 |
>40–50 hours/week | 33.9 | 1.02 (0.53–1.95) | 29.2 | 1.90 (0.81–4.41) |
40 hours/week or less | 37.8 | 1.26 (0.58–2.72) | 27.8 | 1.75 (0.54–5.68) |
Standing
| ||||
More than 20 hours/week | 40.5 | 1.13 (0.55–2.32) | 33.3 | 2.01 (0.33–12.09) |
>15–20 hours/week | 32.6 | 0.83 (0.47–1.48) | 17.9 | 0.85 (0.28–2.59) |
>10–15 hours/week | 36.4 | 1 | 20.0 | 1 |
>5–10 hours/week | 30.4 | 0.76 (0.41–1.42) | 23.5 | 1.21 (0.61–2.41) |
5 hours/week or less | 16.7 | 0.34 (0.07–1.61) | 31.4 | 1.81 (0.82–4.02) |
Type of Sedentary Activity and NSP
Sedentary activity | Females | Males | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion reporting NSP (%) | Adjusteda OR (CI) | Proportion reporting NSP (%) | Adjusteda OR (CI) | |
Time watching TV
| ||||
More than 32 hours/week | 36.0 | 0.66 (0.23–1.87) | 22.5 | 0.72 (0.22–2.33) |
>23–32 hours/week | 38.6 | 0.69 (0.28–1.70) | 21.1 | 0.65 (0.22–1.94) |
>10–23 hours/week | 30.3 | 0.51 (0.25–1.05) | 25.0 | 0.81 (0.31–2.15) |
>6–10 hours/week | 32.8 | 0.59 (0.26–1.35) | 19.4 | 0.59 (0.17–1.97) |
6 hours/week or less | 47.4 | 1 | 29.2 | 1 |
Total reading time
| ||||
More than 4 hours/week | 40.0 | 1.52 (0.24–9.80) | 33.3 | 1.61 (0.27–9.48) |
>2–4 hours/week | 37.5 | 1.36 (0.52–3.59) | 37.0 | 1.89 (0.75–4.81) |
>1–2 hours/week | 33.8 | 1.17 (0.57–2.38) | 21.1 | 0.88 (0.35–2.22) |
>0–1 hours/week | 35.1 | 1.19 (0.65–2.17) | 21.1 | 0.86 (0.45–1.65) |
0 hours/week | 30.7 | 1 | 23.5 | 1 |
Time at computer
| ||||
More than 12 hours/week | 38.3 | 1.35 (0.57–3.19) | 21.1 | 0.65 (0.23–1.83) |
>6–12 hours/week | 30.1 | 0.90 (0.39–2.09) | 22.1 | 0.70 (0.24–1.99) |
>3–6 hours/week | 33.3 | 1.09 (0.48–2.49) | 23.6 | 0.75 (0.26–2.21) |
>0–3 hours/week | 36.1 | 1.25 (0.55–2.82) | 25.8 | 0.85 (0.30–2.42) |
0 hours/week | 33.3 | 1 | 29.2 | 1 |
Total IT time (TV + computer)
| ||||
More than 46 hours/week | 18.2 | 0.52 (0.10–2.73) | 25.5 | 1.28 (0.31–5.35) |
>35–46 hours/week | 37.8 | 1.45 (0.59–3.56) | 21.4 | 1.00 (0.24–4.21) |
>18–35 hours/week | 33.3 | 1.18 (0.60–2.32) | 22.1 | 1.05 (0.27–4.01) |
>12–18 hours/week | 40.0 | 1.60 (0.73–3.50) | 31.3 | 1.69 (0.38–7.46) |
12 hours/week or less | 30.2 | 1 | 21.3 | 1 |