Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 4/2015

01.04.2015 | Leitthema

Neues zu Harnwegsinfektionen bei Kindern

verfasst von: PD Dr. R. Beetz, E. Kuwertz-Bröking

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 4/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Verbesserte diagnostische Verfahren und die Verfügbarkeit neuer Medikamente haben zu einer Optimierung der Behandlung von Harnwegsinfektionen (HWI) geführt. Aktuell diskutierte Fragen betreffen u. a. Therapiestrategien bei Pyelonephritis im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter, den Umgang mit der Resistenzentwicklung uropathogener Bakterien, konkurrierende Konzepte der bildgebenden Diagnostik und die Effizienz der antibakteriellen Rezidivprophylaxe. Die kalkulierte antibakterielle Therapie muss sich zunehmend an der jeweils regionalen Resistenzsituation uropathogener Bakterien orientieren. Jenseits des frühen Säuglingsalters ist die orale Applikation geeigneter Antibiotika bei unkomplizierten Pyelonephritiden angemessen. In aktuellen Leitlinien gehört die Sonographie im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter zur Basisdiagnostik bei fieberhaften HWI. Die Refluxdiagnostik bleibt dagegen denjenigen Kindern vorbehalten, bei denen angesichts klinischer Kriterien oder dem Vorliegen wegweisender sonographischer Auffälligkeiten ein behandungsbedürftiger vesikorenaler Reflux wahrscheinlich ist. Aktuelle Studien belegen die Effizienz einer antibakteriellen Rezidivprophylaxe bei gefährdeten Patienten. Bei Mädchen mit rezidivierenden Zystitiden gewinnen die pathogenetische Rolle von Blasen- und Darmfunktionsstörungen und der Einsatz der Urotherapie praktische Relevanz.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat American Academy of Pediatrics CoQI, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection SCoQIaM (2011) Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2–24 months. Pediatrics 128:595–610CrossRef American Academy of Pediatrics CoQI, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection SCoQIaM (2011) Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2–24 months. Pediatrics 128:595–610CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Ammenti A, Cataldi L, Chimenz R et al (2012) Febrile urinary tract infections in young children: recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Acta Paediatr 101:451–457CrossRefPubMed Ammenti A, Cataldi L, Chimenz R et al (2012) Febrile urinary tract infections in young children: recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Acta Paediatr 101:451–457CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Austin PF, Bauer SB, Bower W et al (2014) The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol 191:1863–1865CrossRefPubMed Austin PF, Bauer SB, Bower W et al (2014) The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol 191:1863–1865CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Averbeck MA, Madersbacher H (2013) Constipation and LUTS – how do they affect each other? Int Braz J Urol 37:16–28CrossRef Averbeck MA, Madersbacher H (2013) Constipation and LUTS – how do they affect each other? Int Braz J Urol 37:16–28CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bakker E, Gool J van, Sprundel M van et al (2004) Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in 4,332 Belgian schoolchildren aged between 10 and 14 years. Eur J Pediatr 163:234–238CrossRefPubMed Bakker E, Gool J van, Sprundel M van et al (2004) Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in 4,332 Belgian schoolchildren aged between 10 and 14 years. Eur J Pediatr 163:234–238CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Beetz R, Bachmann H, Gatermann S et al (2007) Urinary tract infections in infants and children – a consensus on diagnostic, therapy and prophylaxis. Urologe A 46:112, 114–118, 120–113CrossRefPubMed Beetz R, Bachmann H, Gatermann S et al (2007) Urinary tract infections in infants and children – a consensus on diagnostic, therapy and prophylaxis. Urologe A 46:112, 114–118, 120–113CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bitsori M, Maraki S, Kalmanti M, Galanakis E (2009) Resistance against broad-spectrum beta-lactams among uropathogens in children. Pediatr Nephrol 24:2381–2386CrossRefPubMed Bitsori M, Maraki S, Kalmanti M, Galanakis E (2009) Resistance against broad-spectrum beta-lactams among uropathogens in children. Pediatr Nephrol 24:2381–2386CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Brady PW, Conway PH, Goudie A (2010) Length of intravenous antibiotic therapy and treatment failure in infants with urinary tract infections. Pediatrics 126:196–203CrossRefPubMed Brady PW, Conway PH, Goudie A (2010) Length of intravenous antibiotic therapy and treatment failure in infants with urinary tract infections. Pediatrics 126:196–203CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandstrom P, Esbjorner E, Herthelius M et al (2010) The Swedish reflux trial in children: III. Urinary tract infection pattern. J Urol 184:286–291CrossRefPubMed Brandstrom P, Esbjorner E, Herthelius M et al (2010) The Swedish reflux trial in children: III. Urinary tract infection pattern. J Urol 184:286–291CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandstrom P, Neveus T, Sixt R et al (2010) The Swedish reflux trial in children: IV. Renal damage. J Urol 184:292–297CrossRefPubMed Brandstrom P, Neveus T, Sixt R et al (2010) The Swedish reflux trial in children: IV. Renal damage. J Urol 184:292–297CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Burgers R, Jong TP de, Visser M et al (2013) Functional defecation disorders in children with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol 189:1886–1891CrossRefPubMed Burgers R, Jong TP de, Visser M et al (2013) Functional defecation disorders in children with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol 189:1886–1891CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig J (2009) Antibiotic prophylaxis and recurrent urinary tract infection in children. N Engl J Med 361:1748–1759CrossRefPubMed Craig J (2009) Antibiotic prophylaxis and recurrent urinary tract infection in children. N Engl J Med 361:1748–1759CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Doganis D, Mavrikou M, Delis D et al (2009) Timing of voiding cystourethrography in infants with first time urinary infection. Pediatr Nephrol 24:319–322CrossRefPubMed Doganis D, Mavrikou M, Delis D et al (2009) Timing of voiding cystourethrography in infants with first time urinary infection. Pediatr Nephrol 24:319–322CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansson S, Dhamey M, Sigstrom O et al (2004) Dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy instead of voiding cystourethrography for infants with urinary tract infection. J Urol 172:1071–1073CrossRefPubMed Hansson S, Dhamey M, Sigstrom O et al (2004) Dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy instead of voiding cystourethrography for infants with urinary tract infection. J Urol 172:1071–1073CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW et al (2003) Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 348:195–202CrossRefPubMed Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW et al (2003) Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 348:195–202CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoberman A, Greenfield SP, Mattoo TK et al (2014) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux. N Engl J Med 370:2367–2376CrossRefPubMed Hoberman A, Greenfield SP, Mattoo TK et al (2014) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux. N Engl J Med 370:2367–2376CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoberman A, Wald ER, Hickey RW et al (1999) Oral versus initial intravenous therapy for urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Pediatrics 104:79–86CrossRefPubMed Hoberman A, Wald ER, Hickey RW et al (1999) Oral versus initial intravenous therapy for urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Pediatrics 104:79–86CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoebeke P (2006) Twenty years of urotherapy in children: what have we learned? Eur Urol 49:426–428CrossRefPubMed Hoebeke P (2006) Twenty years of urotherapy in children: what have we learned? Eur Urol 49:426–428CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaplan SA, Dmochowski R, Cash BD et al (2013) Systematic review of the relationship between bladder and bowel function: implications for patient management. Int J Clin Pract 67:205–216CrossRefPubMed Kaplan SA, Dmochowski R, Cash BD et al (2013) Systematic review of the relationship between bladder and bowel function: implications for patient management. Int J Clin Pract 67:205–216CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Karpman E, Kurzrock EA (2004) Adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in children. J Urol 172:448–453CrossRefPubMed Karpman E, Kurzrock EA (2004) Adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in children. J Urol 172:448–453CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kizilca O, Siraneci R, Yilmaz A et al (2012) Risk factors for community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children. Pediatr Int 54:858–862CrossRefPubMed Kizilca O, Siraneci R, Yilmaz A et al (2012) Risk factors for community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children. Pediatr Int 54:858–862CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Liao PF, Ku MS, Tsai JD et al (2014) Comparison of procalcitonin and different guidelines for first febrile urinary tract infection in children by imaging. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1567–1574CrossRefPubMed Liao PF, Ku MS, Tsai JD et al (2014) Comparison of procalcitonin and different guidelines for first febrile urinary tract infection in children by imaging. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1567–1574CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahant S, To T, Friedman J (2001) Timing of voiding cystourethrogram in the investigation of urinary tract infections in children. J Pediatr 139:568–571CrossRefPubMed Mahant S, To T, Friedman J (2001) Timing of voiding cystourethrogram in the investigation of urinary tract infections in children. J Pediatr 139:568–571CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat McDonald A, Scranton M, Gillespie R et al (2000) Voiding cystourethrograms and urinary tract infections: how long to wait? Pediatrics 105:E50CrossRefPubMed McDonald A, Scranton M, Gillespie R et al (2000) Voiding cystourethrograms and urinary tract infections: how long to wait? Pediatrics 105:E50CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Megged O (2014) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in children. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1583–1587CrossRefPubMed Megged O (2014) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in children. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1583–1587CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Montini G, Toffolo A, Zucchetta P et al (2007) Antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis in children: multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ 335:386CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Montini G, Toffolo A, Zucchetta P et al (2007) Antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis in children: multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ 335:386CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mori R, Lakhanpaul M, Verrier-Jones K (2007) Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in children: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 335:395–397CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Mori R, Lakhanpaul M, Verrier-Jones K (2007) Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in children: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 335:395–397CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson CP, Johnson EK, Logvinenko T, Chow JS (2014) Ultrasound as a screening test for genitourinary anomalies in children with UTI. Pediatrics 133:e394–e403CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Nelson CP, Johnson EK, Logvinenko T, Chow JS (2014) Ultrasound as a screening test for genitourinary anomalies in children with UTI. Pediatrics 133:e394–e403CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters C, Rushton HG (2010) Vesicoureteral reflux associated renal damage: congenital reflux nephropathy and acquired renal scarring. J Urol 184:265–273CrossRefPubMed Peters C, Rushton HG (2010) Vesicoureteral reflux associated renal damage: congenital reflux nephropathy and acquired renal scarring. J Urol 184:265–273CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Preda I, Jodal U, Sixt R et al (2011) Imaging strategy for infants with urinary tract infection: a new algorithm. J Urol 185:1046–1052CrossRefPubMed Preda I, Jodal U, Sixt R et al (2011) Imaging strategy for infants with urinary tract infection: a new algorithm. J Urol 185:1046–1052CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Preda I, Jodal U, Sixt R et al (2007) Normal dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy makes voiding cystourethrography unnecessary after urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 151:581–584, 584 e581CrossRefPubMed Preda I, Jodal U, Sixt R et al (2007) Normal dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy makes voiding cystourethrography unnecessary after urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 151:581–584, 584 e581CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Routh JC, Grant FD, Kokorowski PJ et al (2012) Economic and radiation costs of initial imaging approaches after a child’s first febrile urinary tract infection. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 51:23–30 Routh JC, Grant FD, Kokorowski PJ et al (2012) Economic and radiation costs of initial imaging approaches after a child’s first febrile urinary tract infection. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 51:23–30
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sathapornwajana P, Dissaneewate P, McNeil E, Vachvanichsanong P (2008) Timing of voiding cystourethrogram after urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child 93:229–231CrossRefPubMed Sathapornwajana P, Dissaneewate P, McNeil E, Vachvanichsanong P (2008) Timing of voiding cystourethrogram after urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child 93:229–231CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Schultz-Lampel D, Steuber C, Hoyer PF et al (2011) Urinary incontinence in children. Dtsch Arztebl Int 108:613–620PubMedCentralPubMed Schultz-Lampel D, Steuber C, Hoyer PF et al (2011) Urinary incontinence in children. Dtsch Arztebl Int 108:613–620PubMedCentralPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheu JN, Chang HM, Chen SM et al (2011) The role of procalcitonin for acute pyelonephritis and subsequent renal scarring in infants and young children. J Urol 186:2002–2008CrossRefPubMed Sheu JN, Chang HM, Chen SM et al (2011) The role of procalcitonin for acute pyelonephritis and subsequent renal scarring in infants and young children. J Urol 186:2002–2008CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein R, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P et al (2014) Urinary tract infections in children: EAU/ESPU guidelines. Eur Urol Stein R, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P et al (2014) Urinary tract infections in children: EAU/ESPU guidelines. Eur Urol
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Strohmeier Y, Hodson EM, Willis NS et al (2014) Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD003772PubMed Strohmeier Y, Hodson EM, Willis NS et al (2014) Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD003772PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Suson KD, Mathews R (2014) Evaluation of children with urinary tract infection – impact of the 2011 AAP guidelines on the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux using a historical series. J Pediatr Urol 10:182–185CrossRefPubMed Suson KD, Mathews R (2014) Evaluation of children with urinary tract infection – impact of the 2011 AAP guidelines on the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux using a historical series. J Pediatr Urol 10:182–185CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Uhari M, Nuutinen M, Turtinen J (1996) Adverse reactions in children during long-term antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15:404–408CrossRefPubMed Uhari M, Nuutinen M, Turtinen J (1996) Adverse reactions in children during long-term antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15:404–408CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Gool JD van, Jong TP de, Winkler-Seinstra P et al (2014) Multi-center randomized controlled trial of cognitive treatment, placebo, oxybutynin, bladder training, and pelvic floor training in children with functional urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 33:482–487CrossRefPubMed Gool JD van, Jong TP de, Winkler-Seinstra P et al (2014) Multi-center randomized controlled trial of cognitive treatment, placebo, oxybutynin, bladder training, and pelvic floor training in children with functional urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 33:482–487CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Vellinga A, Cormican M, Hanahoe B, Murphy AW (2010) Predictive value of antimicrobial susceptibility from previous urinary tract infection in the treatment of re-infection. Br J Gen Pract 60:511–513CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Vellinga A, Cormican M, Hanahoe B, Murphy AW (2010) Predictive value of antimicrobial susceptibility from previous urinary tract infection in the treatment of re-infection. Br J Gen Pract 60:511–513CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagenlehner F, Hoyme U, Kaase M et al (2011) Klinische Leitlinie: Unkomplizierte Harnwegsinfektionen. Dtsch Ärztebl 108:415–423 Wagenlehner F, Hoyme U, Kaase M et al (2011) Klinische Leitlinie: Unkomplizierte Harnwegsinfektionen. Dtsch Ärztebl 108:415–423
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagenlehner FM, Hoyme U, Kaase M et al (2011) Uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Dtsch Arztebl Int 108:415–423PubMedCentralPubMed Wagenlehner FM, Hoyme U, Kaase M et al (2011) Uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Dtsch Arztebl Int 108:415–423PubMedCentralPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Neues zu Harnwegsinfektionen bei Kindern
verfasst von
PD Dr. R. Beetz
E. Kuwertz-Bröking
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-014-3225-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2015

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 4/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Mitteilungen der DGKJ

Mitteilungen der DGKJ

Mitteilungen der ÖGKJ

Mitteilungen der ÖGKJ

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.