Introduction
Materials and Methods
Literature Review
Audit
Results
Literature Review
Site | Specimen type | No. of cases | Age Sex | Constant microscopic features | Inconstant microscopic features | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deep to medial pterygoid over angle of mandible | Autopsy specimens | 14 | 26–84 years Sex not specified | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves No keratin formation | Clear cytoplasm in peripheral cells Lumen formation (1 case) | [3] |
Medial to mandible in area of internal oblique ridge | Autopsy and cadaver specimens | 11 | Neonate-over 50 years Sex not specified | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves | Peripheral nuclear palisading Lumen formation Calcification (2 cases) Melanin pigment (1 case) | [2] |
Medial to mandible where the ascending ramus joins the body | Carcinoma resection specimen | 9 | 49–90 years 2 M:1F | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves No keratinisation | Intercellular bridges Lumen formation (3 cases) | [1] |
Posterior tongue | Incidental findings in biopsies (3 cases) Finding in a biopsy of a firm painful area (1 case) | 4 | 59–68 years 2 M:1F | Islands of squamoid islands close to subepithelial nerve plexus of taste buds No keratinisation | Clear cytoplasm and intercellular bridges (1 case) Peripheral nuclear palisading and lumen formation (1 case) | [8] |
Site | Specimen type | Age Sex | Microscopic features | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Retromolar trigone | Carcinoma resection | 50 F | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves Foci of calcification | [4] |
Retromolar trigone | Carcinoma resection | 46 F | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves Some cells show clear cytoplasm | [5] |
Medial aspect angle of mandible | Carcinoma resection | 35 M | Nests of squamoid cells closely placed to small nerves and resembling Pacinian corpuscles | [6] |
Medial pterygoid region | Carcinoma resection | 44 F | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves | [7] |
Lingual gingivae lower molar region | Biopsy of firm irritating area | 24 F | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves Areas of degeneration resulted in microcystic changes The structure was described as a hamartoma | [10] |
Base of tongue | Biopsy of described slight abnormality | 39 M | Nests of bland squamoid cells close to small nerves | [9] |
Audit
Site and demographics | Microscopic appearance | No. of epithelial islands | Max di | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Medial to mandible Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Brown pigment within fibrous tissue | 4 | < 0.5 mm |
2 | Medial to mandible, 8 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Female, 5th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) | 1 | 0.5 mm |
3 | Medial to mandible Deep to muscle Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells | 14 | 1.5 mm |
4 | Medial to mandible Deep to muscle Male, 8th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells Brown pigment within fibrous tissue | 4 | 0.5 mm |
5 | Medial to mandible Deep to muscle Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells | 31 | 2 mm |
6 | Medial to mandible Deep to muscle Male, 8th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Central calcification | 7 | 3.5 mm |
7 | 11 mm medial to mandible Deep to muscle Deepest aspect level with inferior border of mandible Male, 8th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Concentric central calcification Brown pigment within fibrous tissue | 9 | 4 mm |
8 | Medial to mandible 5.5 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Female, 5th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (approximately 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells Brown pigment within fibrous tissue | 11 | 2.5 mm |
9 | Medial to mandible 9 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Male, 6th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (approximately 0.5 mm in diameter) | 5 | < 0.5 |
10 | Medial to mandible (retromolar region) 7 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) | 4 | 0.5 mm |
11 | Posterior tongue 1 mm below epithelium Within lamina propria of circumvallate papilla Male, 6th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) | 14 | 0.5 mm |
12 | Posterior tongue < 0.5 mm below epithelium Female, 6th decade of life | Squamoid islands close to taste buds | > 90 | 1.5 mm |
13 | Buccal to mandible 9 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Female, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within central cells | 3 | < 0.5 mm |
14 | Buccal to mandible 7 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells | 4 | 0.5 mm |
15 | Buccal to mandible within submasseteric space Male, 6th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells | 1 | < 0.5 mm |
16 | Buccal to mandible 6 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Female, 6th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) | 14 | 0.5 mm |
17 | Buccal to mandible Deep to muscle Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within central and peripheral cells | 3 | 0.5 mm |
18 | 5 mm posterobuccal to maxillary tuberosity 4 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Female, 6th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells Brown pigment within fibrous tissue | 2 | 0.5 mm |
19 | Superoposterior to maxillary tuberosity 5 mm below epithelium Deep to muscle Male, 7th decade of life | Squamoid islands within 0.5 mm of small nerves (< 0.5 mm in diameter) Clear cytoplasm within peripheral cells | 7 | 0.5 mm |