nach oben

12.10.2020 | Neurologische Notfallmedizin | Leitlinie | Ausgabe 6/2020 Zur Zeit gratis

S1-Leitlinie: Neurologische Manifestationen bei COVID-19

Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie

Zeitschrift:: DGNeurologie > Ausgabe 6/2020

Autor:: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Berlit

» Jetzt Zugang zum Volltext erhalten

Wichtige Hinweise

Redaktion

P. Berlit, Berlin

Fachgesellschaft

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie in Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurointensiv- und Notfallmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

Federführend

Prof. Dr. med. Peter Berlit, Generalsekretär, Schriftleiter DGNeurologie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Berlin, berlit@dgn.org

Redaktionskomitee

Leitlinienkoordinator

Prof. Dr. med. Peter Berlit, Generalsekretär, Schriftleiter DGNeurologie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Berlin

Leitliniengruppe

Prof. Dr. med. Julian Bösel, Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Kassel, (DGNI)

Prof. Dr. med. Georg Gahn, Neurologische Klinik, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, (DGNI)

Prof. Dr. med. Stefan Isenmann, Klinik für Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie, St. Josef Krankenhaus Moers

Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Sven G. Meuth, Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster

Prof. Dr. med. Christian Nolte, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie und „Center for Stroke Research“ Berlin (CSB) Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, „corporate member of“ Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und Berlin „Institute of Health“.

Dr. med. Marc Pawlitzki, Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster

Prof. Dr. med. Felix Rosenow, Epilepsiezentrum Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Zentrum der Neurologie und Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt

Prof. Dr. med. Benedikt Schoser, Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen Klinik, LMU Klinikum München

Prof. Dr. med. Götz Thomalla, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Kopf und Neurozentrum, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf

Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Hummel, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Dresden; Mandatsträger der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V.

Die vollständige Leitlinie wurde unter https://dgn.org/leitlinien/4101-ll-030-144-neurologische-manifestationen-bei-covid-19 am 18.08.2020 publiziert.

Ohne Zusammenfassung

Nutzen Sie Ihre Chance: Dieser Inhalt ist zurzeit gratis verfügbar.

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Jetzt einloggen Kostenlos registrieren

Unsere Produktempfehlungen

e.Med Interdisziplinär

Kombi-Abonnement

Für Ihren Erfolg in Klinik und Praxis - Die beste Hilfe in Ihrem Arbeitsalltag als Mediziner*in

Mit e.Med Interdisziplinär erhalten Sie Zugang zu allen CME-Fortbildungen und Fachzeitschriften auf SpringerMedizin.de.

Jetzt e.Med zum Sonderpreis bestellen!

Jetzt testen ¹

e.Med Neurologie & Psychiatrie

Kombi-Abonnement

Mit e.Med Neurologie & Psychiatrie erhalten Sie Zugang zu CME-Fortbildungen der Fachgebiete, den Premium-Inhalten der dazugehörigen Fachzeitschriften, inklusive einer gedruckten Zeitschrift Ihrer Wahl.

Jetzt testen ²

e.Med Neurologie

Kombi-Abonnement

Mit e.Med Neurologie erhalten Sie Zugang zu CME-Fortbildungen des Fachgebietes, den Premium-Inhalten der neurologischen Fachzeitschriften, inklusive einer gedruckten Neurologie-Zeitschrift Ihrer Wahl.

Jetzt testen ³

e.Med Psychiatrie

Kombi-Abonnement

Mit e.Med Psychiatrie erhalten Sie Zugang zu CME-Fortbildungen des Fachgebietes Psychiatrie, den Premium-Inhalten der psychiatrischen Fachzeitschriften, inklusive einer gedruckten Zeitschrift Ihrer Wahl.

Jetzt testen ⁴

Chaumont H, Etienne P, Roze E, Couratier C, Roger PM, Lannuzel A (2020) Acute meningoencephalitis in a patient with COVID-19. Rev Neurol 176(6):519–521 PubMed

Ghannam M, Alshaer Q, Al-Chalabi M, Zakarna L, Robertson J, Manousakis G (2020) Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review. J Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09990-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pilotto A, Odolini S, Masciocchi S, Comelli A, Volonghi I, Gazzina S et al (2020) Steroid-responsive encephalitis in Coronavirus disease 2019. Ann Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25783 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Duong L, Xu P, Liu A (2020) Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in Downtown Los Angeles, early April 2020. Brain Behav Immun 87:33 PubMedPubMedCentral

Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO et al (2020) Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: Case series. Brain Behav Immun 87:155–158 PubMedPubMedCentral

Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T (2020) The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 92(6):552–555 PubMed

Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, Karantzoulis A, Piatti ML, Santoro P, Viganò M, Giovannelli G, Pirro F, Montisano DA, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C (2020) Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(4):e741. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000741 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Arnaud S, Budowski C, Ng Wing Tin S, Degos B (2020) Post SARS-CoV‑2 Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 131(7):1652–1654 PubMedPubMedCentral

Camdessanche JP, Morel J, Pozzetto B, Paul S, Tholance Y, Botelho-Nevers E (2020) COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barre syndrome. Rev Neurol 176(6):516–518 PubMed

10.

El Otmani H, El Moutawakil B, Rafai MA, El Benna N, El Kettani C, Soussi M et al (2020) Covid-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: more than a coincidence! Rev Neurol 176(6):518–519 PubMed

11.

Gutierrez-Ortiz C, Mendez A, Rodrigo-Rey S, San Pedro-Murillo E, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Gordo-Manas R et al (2020) Miller Fisher Syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology 95(5):e601–e605 PubMed

12.

Novi G, Rossi T, Pedemonte E, Saitta L, Rolla C, Roccatagliata L, Inglese M, Farinini D (2020) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(5):e797. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000797 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Padroni M, Mastrangelo V, Asioli GM, Pavolucci L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Piscaglia MG et al (2020) Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? J Neurol 267(7):1877–1879 PubMed

14.

Pfefferkorn T, Dabitz R, von Wernitz-Keibel T, Aufenanger J, Nowak-Machen M, Janssen H (2020) Acute polyradiculoneuritis with locked-in syndrome in a patient with Covid-19. J Neurol 267(7):1883–1884 PubMed

15.

Scheidl E, Canseco DD, Hadji-Naumov A, Bereznai B (2020) Guillain-Barre syndrome during SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic: a case report and review of recent literature. J Peripher Nerv Syst 25(2):204–207 PubMed

16.

Sedaghat Z, Karimi N (2020) Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report. J Clin Neurosci 76:233–235 PubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Su XW, Palka SV, Rao RR, Chen FS, Brackney CR, Cambi F (2020) SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome with dysautonomia. Muscle Nerve 62(2):E48–E49 PubMed

18.

Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG et al (2020) Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV‑2. N Engl J Med 382(26):2574–2576 PubMed

19.

Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S (2020) Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with SARS-CoV‑2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol 19(5):383–384 PubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Pfeuffer S, Pawlowski M, Joos G, Minnerup J, Meuth SG, Dziewas R, Wiendl H (2020) Autoimmunity complicating SARS-CoV‑2 infection in selective IgA-deficiency. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(6):e881. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000881 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Parsons T, Banks S, Bae C, Gelber J, Alahmadi H, Tichauer M (2020) COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). J Neurol 267(10):2799–2802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09951-9 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Reichard RR, Kashani KB, Boire NA, Constantopoulos E, Guo Y, Lucchinetti CF (2020) Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology. Acta Neuropathol 140(1):1–6 PubMed

23.

Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B (2020) COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Barzegar M, Mirmosayyeb O, Nehzat N, Sarrafi R, Khorvash F, Maghzi AH, Shaygannejad V (2020) COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(4):e753. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000753 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Borriello G, Ianniello A (2020) COVID-19 occurring during Natalizumab treatment: a case report in a patient with extended interval dosing approach. Mult Scler Relat Disord 41:102165 PubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Foerch C, Friedauer L, Bauer B, Wolf T, Adam EH (2020) Severe COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod. Mult Scler Relat Disord 42:102180 PubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Ghajarzadeh M, Mirmosayyeb O, Barzegar M, Nehzat N, Vaheb S, Shaygannejad V et al (2020) Favorable outcome after COVID-19 infection in a multiple sclerosis patient initiated on ocrelizumab during the pandemic. Mult Scler Relat Disord 43:102222 PubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Maghzi AH, Houtchens MK, Preziosa P, Ionete C, Beretich BD, Stankiewicz JM, Tauhid S, Cabot A, Berriosmorales I, Schwartz T, Sloane JA, Freedman MS, Filippi M, Weiner HL, Bakshi R (2020) COVID-19 in teriflunomide-treated patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 267(10):2790–2796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09944-8 CrossRefPubMed

29.

Suwanwongse K, Shabarek N (2020) Benign course of COVID-19 in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with Ocrelizumab. Mult Scler Relat Disord 42:102201 PubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Sormani MP, Italian Study Group on C‑iims (2020) An Italian programme for COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 19(6):481–482 PubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Ciampi E, Uribe-San-Martin R, Carcamo C (2020) COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of a multiple sclerosis centre in Chile. Mult Scler Relat Disord 42:102204 PubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Fan M, Qiu W, Bu B, Xu Y, Yang H, Huang D, Lau AY, Guo J, Zhang MN, Zhang X, Yang CS, Chen J, Zheng P, Liu Q, Zhang C, Shi FD (2020) Risk of COVID-19 infection in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(5):e787. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000787 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Pawlitzki M, Zettl UK, Ruck T, Rolfes L, Hartung HP, Meuth SG (2020) Merits and culprits of immunotherapies for neurological diseases in times of COVID-19. EBioMedicine 56:102822 PubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Zubair AS, McAlpine LS, Gardin T, Farhadian S, Kuruvilla DE, Spudich S (2020) Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the age of Coronavirus disease 2019: a review. JAMA Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Zheng Y, Xu H, Yang M et al (2020) Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 32 critical and 67 noncritical cases of COVID-19 in Chengdu. J Clin Virol 127:104366 PubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al (2020) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579(7798):270–273 PubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R et al (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395(10229):1054–1062 PubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Chen T, Wu D, Chen H et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 368:m1091 PubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, Zhou Y, Wang D, Miao X, Li Y, Hu B (2020) Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 77(6):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127 CrossRefPubMedCentral

40.

Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, Collange O, Boulay C, Fafi-Kremer S, Ohana M, Anheim M, Meziani F (2020). Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. New Engl J Med 382(23):2268–2270. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008597 CrossRefPubMed

41.

Helmsworth JA, Stiles WJ, Elstun W (1955) Leukopenic and thrombocytopenic effect of hypothermia in dogs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 90(2):474–476 PubMed

42.

Radmanesh A, Derman A, Lui YW, Raz E, Loh JP, Hagiwara M, Borja MJ, Zan E, Fatterpekar GM (2020) COVID-19-associated Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Microhemorrhages. Radiology 297(1):E223–E227. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020202040 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS (2020) Neurological complications of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy. Cureus 12(3):e7352 PubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Neumann B, Schmidbauer ML, Dimitriadis K, Otto S, Knier B, Niesen WD, Hosp JA, Günther A, Lindemann S, Nagy G, Steinberg T, Linker RA, Hemmer B, Bösel J, Pandemic and the IGNITE study groups (2020) Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. J Neurolog Sc 418:117090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117090 CrossRef

45.

Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Brison E, Meessen-Pinard M, Talbot PJ (2014) Neuroinvasive and neurotropic human respiratory coronaviruses: potential neurovirulent agents in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 807:75–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1777-0_6 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H (2020) Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 11(7):995–998 PubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Sepehrinezhad A, Shahbazi A, Negah SS (2020) COVID-19 virus may have neuroinvasive potential and cause neurological complications: a perspective review. J Neurovirol 26(3):324–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00851-2 CrossRefPubMed

48.

Yan CH, Faraji F, Prajapati DP, Boone CE, DeConde AS (2020) Association of chemosensory dysfunction and COVID-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Internat Forum Allergy Rhinol 10(7):806–813. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22579 CrossRef

49.

Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J et al (2020) A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus‑2. Int J Infect Dis 94:55–58 PubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Huang YH, Jiang D, Huang JT (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid by PCR in a Case of COVID-19 Encephalitis. Brain Behav Immun 87:149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.012 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, Sordillo EM, Fowkes M (2020) Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 92(7):699–702. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25915 CrossRefPubMed

52.

Puelles VG, Lütgehetmann M, Lindenmeyer MT, Sperhake JP, Wong MN, Allweiss L, Chilla S, Heinemann A, Wanner N, Liu S, Braun F, Lu S, Pfefferle S, Schröder AS, Edler C, Gross O, Glatzel M, Wichmann D, Wiech T, Kluge S, Huber TB (2020) Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2. New England J Med 383(6):590–592. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2011400 CrossRef

53.

Politi LS, Salsano E, Grimaldi M (2020) Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia. Jama Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2125 CrossRefPubMed

54.

Bernard-Valnet R, Pizzarotti B, Anichini A, Demars Y, Russo E, Schmidhauser M, Cerutti-Sola J, Rossetti AO, Du Pasquier R (2020) Two patients with acute meningoencephalitis concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Europ J Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14298 CrossRef

55.

Pilotto A, Odolini S, Masciocchi S, Comelli A, Volonghi I, Gazzina S, Nocivelli S, Pezzini A, Focà E, Caruso A, Leonardi M, Pasolini MP, Gasparotti R, Castelli F, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Padovani A (2020) Steroid-Responsive Encephalitis in Coronavirus Disease 2019. Annals Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25783 CrossRef

56.

Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO, Afsar N (2020) Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: Case series. Brain Behavior Immunity 87:155–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.022 CrossRef

57.

Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM et al (2020) Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, Wang D, Mao L, Jin H, Hu B (2020) Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vascul Neurol 5(3):279–284. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000431 CrossRef

59.

Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S et al (2020) Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med 382:e38 PubMed

60.

Merkler AE, Parikh NS, Mir S, Gupta A, Kamel H, Lin E, Lantos J, Schenck EJ, Goyal P, Bruce SS, Kahan J, Lansdale KN, LeMoss NM, Murthy SB, Stieg PE, Fink ME, Iadecola C, Segal AZ, Campion TR Jr, Diaz I, Navi BB (2020) Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Covid-19 versus Patients with Influenza. medRxiv: the preprint server for health sciences. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20105494 CrossRef

61.

Yamakawa M, Kuno T, Mikami T, Takagi H, Gronseth G (2020) Clinical Characteristics of Stroke with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovascular diseases 29(12):105288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105288 CrossRef

62.

Yhagi S, Ishida K, Torres J et al (2020) SARS2-coV‑2 and stroke in a New York healthcare system. Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030335 CrossRef

63.

Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of five young patients presenting with large-vessel stroke. N Eng J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009787 CrossRef

64.

Aggarwal G, Lippi G, Henry MB (2020) Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis of published literature. Int J Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1177/174749302092166418 CrossRefPubMed

65.

Pop R, Quenardelle V, Hasiu A, Mihoc D, Sellal F, Dugay MH (2020) Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke pathways—insights from the Alsace region in France. Eur J Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14316 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Baracchini C, Pieroni A, Viaro F et al (2020) Acute stroke management pathway during Coronavirus-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci 41:1003–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04375-9 CrossRefPubMed

67.

Zhao J, Li H, Kung D, Fisher M, Shen Y, Liu R (2020) Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on stroke care and potential solutions. Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030225 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Leira EC, Russmann AN, Biller J et al (2020) Preserving stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential issues and solutions. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009713 CrossRefPubMed

69.

Yang B, Wang T, Chen J et al (2020) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 12(7):664–668 PubMed

70.

Khosravani H, Rajendram P, Notario L, Chapman MG, Menon BK (2020) Protected Code Stroke: Hyperacute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Stroke 51(6):1891–1895. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029838 CrossRefPubMed

71.

Sharma D, Rasmussen M, Han R et al (2020) Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Pandemic: Consensus Statement From Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care (SNACC): Endorsed by Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology (SVIN), Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), Neurocritical Care Society (NCS), European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) and American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Cerebrovascular Section. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 32(3):193–201 PubMed

72.

Qureshi AI, Abd-Allah F, Al-Senani F, Aytac E, Borhani-Haghighi A, Ciccone A, Gomez CR, Gurkas E, Hsu CY, Jani V, Jiao L, Kobayashi A, Lee J, Liaqat J, Mazighi M, Parthasarathy R, Miran MS, Steiner T, Toyoda K, Ribo M, Wang Y (2020) Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Insights from an international panel. Amer J Emerg Med 38(7):1548.e5–1548.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.018

73.

Beghi E, Carpio A, Forsgren L, Hesdorffer DC, Malmgren K, Sander JW, Tomson T, Hauser WA (2010) Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic seizure. Epilepsia 51(4):671–675 PubMed

74.

DGN-Kommission Epilepsien und Synkopen. Stellungnahme der Kommission zu Covid-19 Infektionen und Epilepsie. www.dgn.org/rubrik-dgn/3771-2-19-epilepsien-und-synkopen

75.

French JA, Brodie MA, Caraballo R, Devinsky O, Ding D, Jehi L, Jette N, Kanner A, Modi AC, Newton CR, Patel AA, Pennell PB, Perucca E, Sander JW, Scheffer IE, Williams E, Wilmshorst J, Cross JH (2020) Keeping people with epilepsy safe during the Covid pandemic. Neurology 94(23):1032–1037. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009632 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Karimi N, Shafiri Razavi A, Rouhani N (2020) Frequent convulsive seizures in an adult patient with COVID-19: a case report. Iran Red Crescent Med J 22(3):e102828

77.

Lu L, Xiong W, Liu D, Liu J, Yang D, Li N, Mu J, Guo J, Li W, Wang G, Gao H, Zhang Y, Lin M, Chen L, Shen S, Zhang H, Sander JW, Luo J, Chen S, Zhou D (2020) New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective multicenter study. Epilepsia 61(6):e49–e53. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16524 CrossRefPubMed

78.

Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L et al (2020) Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Vollono C, Rollo E, Romozzi M, Frisullo G, Servidei S, Borghetti A, Calabresi P (2020) Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: a case report. Seizure 78:109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.04.009 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

80.

Lai SL, Hsu MT, Chen SS (2005) The impact of SARS on epilepsy: the experience of drug withdrawal in epileptic patients. Seizure 14(8):557–561 PubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, Ueno M, Sakata H, Kondo K, Myose N, Nakao A, Takeda M, Haro H, Inoue O, Suzuki-Inoue K, Kubokawa K, Ogihara S, Sasaki T, Kinouchi H, Kojin H, Ito M, Onishi H, Shimizu T, Sasaki Y, Enomoto N, Ishihara H, Furuya S, Yamamoto T, Shimada S (2020) A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus‑2. Int J Infect Dis 94:55–58 PubMedPubMedCentral

82.

Hummel T, Whitcroft KL, Andrews P, Altundag A, Cinghi C, Costanzo RM, Damm M, Frasnelli J, Gudziol H, Gupta N, Haehner A, Holbrook E, Hong SC, Hornung D, Hüttenbrink KB, Kamel R, Kobayashi M, Konstantinidis I, Landis BN, Leopold DA, Macchi A, Miwa T, Moesges R, Mullol J, Mueller CA, Ottaviano G, Passali GC, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Ramakrishnan VJ, Rombaux P, Roth Y, Schlosser RA, Shu B, Soler G, Stjärne P, Stuck BA, Vodicka J, Welge-Luessen A (2017) Position paper on olfactory dysfunction. Rhinol Suppl 25:1–30

83.

Stevenson RJ (2010) An initial evaluation of the functions of human olfaction. Chem Senses 35(1):3–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjp083 CrossRef

84.

Buck L, Axel R (1991) A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell 65(1):175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90418-x CrossRefPubMed

85.

Shepherd GM (2007) Perspectives on olfactory processing, conscious perception, and orbitofrontal cortex. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1121:87–101. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1401.032 CrossRefPubMed

86.

DeMaria S, Ngai J (2010) The cell biology of smell. J Cell Biol 191(3):443–452. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201008163 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

87.

Bednár M (1930) Anosmie und Influenza (Ein rhinologischer Beitrag zur Differentialdiagnose der Erkältungskrankheiten). Med Klin 48:1787–1789

88.

Konstantinidis I, Haehner A, Frasnelli J, Reden J, Quante G, Damm M, Hummel T (2006) Post-infectious olfactory dysfunction exhibits a seasonal pattern. Rhinology 44:135–139 PubMed

89.

Schaupp H (1972) Geruchsstörungen nach Grippe. Arch Klin Exp Ohren Nasen Kehlkopfheilkd 199:692–698

90.

Sugiura M, Aiba T, Mori J, Nakai Y (1998) An epidemiological study of postviral olfactory disorder. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 538:191–196 PubMed

91.

Arbour N, Day R, Newcombe J, Talbot PJ (2000) Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J Virol 74(19):8913–8921. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.19.8913-8921.2000 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

92.

Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z et al (2020) Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun 87:18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

93.

Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, Somasundaran M, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Greenough TC, Choe H, Farzan M (2003) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 426:450–454 PubMedPubMedCentral

94.

Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol 82(15):7264–7275. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00737-08 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

95.

Hwang CS (2006) Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of a case. Acta Neurol Taiwan 15(1):26–28 PubMed

96.

Sungnak W, Huang N, Bécavin C, Berg M, Queen R, Litvinukova M, Talavera-López C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Sampaziotis F et al (2020) 2020. SARS-cov‑2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat Med 26(5):681–687. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6 CrossRefPubMed

97.

Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S et al (2020) SARS-coV‑2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell 181(2):271–280.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

98.

Kirschenbaum D, Imbach LL, Ulrich S, Rushing EJ, Keller E, Reimann RR, Frauenknecht K, Lichtblau M, Witt M, Hummel T, Steiger P, Aguzzi A, Frontzek K (2020) Inflammatory olfactory neuropathy in two patients with COVID-19. Lancet 396(10245):166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31525-7 CrossRef

99.

van Riel D, Verdijk R, Kuiken T (2015) The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system. J Pathol 235:277–287. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4461 CrossRefPubMed

100.

Puelles VG, Lütgehetmann M, Lindenmeyer MT et al (2020) Multiorgan and renal tropism of SARS-coV‑2. N Eng J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2011400 CrossRef

101.

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W et al (2020) A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 382:727–733 PubMedPubMedCentral

102.

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

103.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395:497–506 PubMedPubMedCentral

104.

Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A et al (2020) Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-coV‑2 admitted to ICus of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

105.

Dreher MKA, Kersten A, Bickenbach J et al (2020) Charakteristik von 50 hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten mit und ohne ARDS. Dtsch Arztebl Int 117:271–278. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0271 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

106.

Bagheri SH, Asghari A, Farhadi M, Shamshiri AR, Kabir A, Kamrava SK, Jalessi M, Mohebbi A, Alizadeh R, Honarmand AA, Ghalehbaghi B, Salimi A, Dehghani Firouzabadi F (2020) Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran. Med J Islamic Rep Iran 34:62. https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.62 CrossRef

107.

https://dgn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/030144_Tabellen_Stoerungen_der_Chemosensorik-1.pdf

108.

Hintschich CA, Wenzel JJ, Hummel T et al (2020) Psychophysical tests reveal impaired olfaction but preserved gustation in COVID-19 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22655 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

109.

Haehner A, Draf J, Dräger S, de With K, Hummel T (2020) Predictive value of sudden olfactory loss in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Orl J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509143 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

110.

Whitcroft KL, Hummel T (2019) Clinical diagnosis and current management strategies for olfactory dysfunction: a review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.1728 CrossRefPubMed

111.

Zou LQ, Linden L, Cuevas M, Metasch ML, Welge-Lüssen A, Hähner A, Hummel T (2019) Self-reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self-MOQ): a simple and useful measurement for the screening of olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28419 CrossRefPubMed

112.

Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M (1984) Development of the university of Pennsylvania smell identification test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav 32:489–502 PubMed

113.

Dietz A, Haxel B, Müller A, Welkoborsky HJ, Drumm S, Guntinas-Lichius O, Chaberny I, Wienke A, Deitmer T, Heinrich D (2020) Handlungsempfehlungen DGHNO-KHC und BVHNO für die HNO-Elektiv-/nicht notfallmäßige Behandlung zu Corona-Zeiten (29.04.2020). Laryngorhinootologie 99(06):365–369 PubMedPubMedCentral

114.

Vaira LA, Salzano G, Petrocelli M, Deiana G, Salzano FA, De Riu G (2020) Validation of a self-administered olfactory and gustatory test for the remotely evaluation of COVID-19 patients in home quarantine. Head Neck. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26228 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

115.

Petrocelli M, Ruggiero F, Baietti AM et al (2020) Remote psychophysical evaluation of olfactory and gustatory functions in early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 patients: the Bologna experience of 300 cases. J Laryngol Otol. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215120001358 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

116.

Lee DY, Lee WH, Wee JH, Kim JW (2014) Prognosis of postviral olfactory loss: follow-up study for longer than one year. Am J Rhinol Allergy 28(5):419–422. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4102 CrossRefPubMed

117.

Reden J, Mueller A, Mueller C, Konstantinidis I, Frasnelli J, Landis BN, Hummel T (2006) Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:265–269 PubMed

118.

Hüttenbrink KB et al Riech- und Schmeckstörungen. S2k-Leitlinie der DGHNOKHC. Stand: 31.10.2016. AWMF online. https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/017-050.html. Zugegriffen: 30. Juni 2020

119.

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323(11):1061–1069 PubMedPubMedCentral

120.

Guan W, Zyi N, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, Liu L, Shan H, Lei C, Hui DSC, Du B, Li L, Zeng G, Yuen K‑Y, Chen R, Tang C, Wang T, Chen P, Xiang J, Li S, Wang L, Liang Z, Peng Y, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu Y, Peng P, Wang J, Liu J, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng Z, Qiu S, Luo L, Ye C, Zhu S, Zhong N (2020) Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 382:1708–1720

121.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu Y, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395:497–506 PubMedPubMedCentral

122.

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wie Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395:1055–1062

123.

Jin M, Tong Q (2020) Rhabdomyolysis as potential late complication associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200445 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

124.

Beydon M, Chevalier K, Al Tabaa O, Hamroun S, Delettre A‑S, Thomas M, Herrou J, Riviere E, Mariette X (2020) Myositis as a manifestation of SARS-CoV‑2. Ann Rheum Dis. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217573 CrossRefPubMed

125.

Schoser et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 und neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen. DGNeurologie 18:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42451-020-00198-2 CrossRef

126.

Resivo DA, Centonze D, Alesina A, Marchese-Ragona R (2020) Myasthenia Gravis associated with SARS-coV‑2 infection. Ann Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.7326/L20-0845 CrossRef

127.

Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, Karantzoulis A, Piatti ML, Santoro P, Viganò M, Giovannelli G, Pirro F, Montisano DA, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C (2020) Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000741 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

128.

Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG, Franciotta D, Baldanti F, Daturi R, Postorino P, Cavallini A, Micieli G (2020) Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-coV‑2. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009191 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

129.

Dinkin M, Gao V, Kahan J, Bobker S, Simonetto M, Wechsler P, Harpe J, Greer C, Mints G, Salama G, Tsiouris AJ, Leifer D (2020) COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009700 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

130.

Saccheri C, Morawiec E, Delemazure J, Mayaux J, Dubé B, Similowski T, Demoule A, Dres M (2020) ICU-acquired weakness, diaphragm dysfunction and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care 10(1):1 PubMedPubMedCentral

131.

van Gassel RJJ, Baggerman MR, van de Poll MCG (2020) Metabolic aspects of muscle wasting during critical illness. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 23(2):96–101 PubMedPubMedCentral

132.

van Aerde N, Meersseman P, Debaveye Y, Wilmer A, Gunst J, Casaer MP, Bruyninckx F, Wouters PJ, Gosselink R, van den Berghe G, Hermans G (2020) Five-year impact of ICU-acquired neuromuscular complications: a prospective, observational study. Intensive Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05927-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

133.

Pati S, Goodfellow JA, Iyadurai S, Hilton-Jones D (2008) Approach to critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy. Postgrad Med J 84(993):354–360 PubMed

134.

van der Schaaf M, Beelen A, de Vos R (2004) Functional outcome in patients with critical illness polyneuropathy. Disabil Rehabil 26(20):1189–1197 PubMed

135.

AANEM (2020) COVID. https://www.aanem.org/Practice/COVID-19-Guidance. Zugegriffen: 10. Juni 2020

136.

Special-Collection-COVID-19. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4598. Zugegriffen: 10. Juni 2020

137.

International MG/COVID-19 Working Group, Jacob S, Muppidi S, Guidon A, Guptill J, Hehir M, Howard JF Jr, Illa I, Mantegazza R, Murai H, Utsugisawa K, Vissing J, Wiendl H, Nowak R (2020) Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Sci 15:412

138.

Solé G, Salort-Campana E, Pereon Y, Stojkovic T, Wahbi K, Cintas P, Adams D, Laforet P, Tiffreau V, Desguerre I, Pisella LI, Molon A, Attarian S (2020) FILNEMUS COVID-19 study group. Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French RERare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network. Rev Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004 CrossRefPubMed

139.

https://www.dgn.org/rubrik-dgn/stellungnahmen-der-dgn/3982-covid-19-und-menschen-mit-neuromuskulaeren-erkrankungen-empfehlungen-der-world-muscle-society. Zugegriffen: 10.06.20.

140.

Kluge S, Janssens U, Welte T, Weber-Carstens S, Marx G, Karagiannidis C (2020) Recommendations for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 115(3):175–177 PubMedPubMedCentral

141.

S3-Leitlinie Analgesie, Sedierung und Delir-Management in der Intensivmedizin (DAS-Leitlinie 2015); https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/001-012l_S3_Analgesie_Sedierung_Delirmanagement_Intensivmedizin_2015-08_01.pdf, letzter Zugriff 30. Juni 2020

142.

Sutter R, Tisljar K, Marsch S (2018) Acute Neurologic complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 46(9):1506–1513 PubMed

143.

Yaghi S et al (2020) SARS2-coV‑2 and stroke in a New York Healthcare system. Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030335 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

144.

Rajajee V, Riggs B, Seder DB (2017) Emergency neurological life support: airway, ventilation, and sedation. Neurocrit Care 27(Suppl 1):4–28 PubMed

145.

Boone MD, Jinadasa SP, Mueller A, Shaefi S, Kasper EM, Hanafy KA et al (2017) The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on Intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamics. Neurocrit Care 26(2):174–181 PubMedPubMedCentral

146.

Chen H, Menon DK, Kavanagh BP (2019) Impact of altered airway pressure on Intracranial pressure, perfusion, and oxygenation: a narrative review. Crit Care Med 47(2):254–263 PubMed

147.

Le Roux P, Menon DK, Citerio G, Vespa P, Bader MK, Brophy G et al (2014) The International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: evidentiary tables: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Neurocrit Care 21(Suppl 2):S297–S361 PubMed

148.

Ohle R, McIsaac SM, Woo MY, Perry JJ (2015) Sonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter for detection of raised Intracranial pressure compared to computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ultrasound Med 34(7):1285–1294 PubMed

149.

Leslie-Mazwi TM, Fargen KM, Levitt M et al (2020) Preserving access: a review of stroke thrombectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 41:1136–1141. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6606 CrossRefPubMed

150.

Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L et al (2020) Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

151.

Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez A, Rodrigo-Rey S, San Pedro-Murillo E, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Gordo-Mañas R, de Aragón-Gómez F, Benito-Leónet J (2020) Miller fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009619 CrossRefPubMed

Titel: S1-Leitlinie: Neurologische Manifestationen bei COVID-19
Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie
Autor:: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Berlit
Publikationsdatum: 12.10.2020
Schlagwörter: Neurologische Notfallmedizin
Neurologische Beteiligung bei Infektionserkrankungen
Neurologische Notfälle
Polyneuritis und Polyneuroradikulitis Typ Guillain Barré
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Enzephalitis
Riechstörungen
Riechstörungen
Apoplex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42451-020-00254-x
Verlag: Springer Medizin
Zeitschrift: DGNeurologie Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie
Ausgabe 6/2020
Print ISSN: 2524-3446
Elektronische ISSN: 2524-3454

Corona-Update

Die aktuelle Entwicklung im Überblick: Nachrichten, Webinare, Übersichtsarbeiten.

» zum Update

Bildnachweise

Springer Medizin

Redaktion

Fachgesellschaft

Federführend

Redaktionskomitee

Ohne Zusammenfassung

Nutzen Sie Ihre Chance: Dieser Inhalt ist zurzeit gratis verfügbar.

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Unsere Produktempfehlungen

e.Med Interdisziplinär

e.Med Neurologie & Psychiatrie

e.Med Neurologie

e.Med Psychiatrie

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2020

Magazin

51-jährige Frau mit diffus verteilten intrazerebralen Ödemen einen Monat nach aufwändiger Stentangioplastie bei ACI-Dissektion

Neues zur Pathogenese der IgLON5-Antikörper

Erratum zu: Narkolepsie

Facharztstandard und Leitlinien im Arzthaftungsrecht

Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie

Corona-Update