Background
Methods
Subjects
Clinical assessment
Neuropathological assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Overall demographics
Differences and similarities between aMCI and naMCI
aMCI (N = 34) | naMCI (n = 15) | 95 % CI | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female (%) | 12 (35 %) | 7 (47 %) | −0.41 to 0.19 | 0.53 |
Multi-domain N (%) | 13 (38 %) | 4 (27 %) | −0.16 to 0.39 | 0.43 |
Domains affected | ||||
Memory | 34 (100 %) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Executive | 11 (32 %) | 10 (67 %) | −0.63 to −0.06 | 0.03 |
Language | 4 (12 %) | 5 (33 %) | −0.50 to 0.03 | 0.11 |
Visuospatial | 2 (6 %) | 3 (20 %) | −0.42 to 0.06 | 0.16 |
Attention | 1 (3 %) | 2 (13 %) | −0.36 to 0.07 | 0.22 |
Age at death, yrs | 88 ± 8 | 83 ± 7 | 0.4 to 9.8 | 0.03 |
Interval last neuro exam till death, months | 15 ± 15 | 11 ± 7.7 | −0.61 to 0.67 | 0.86 |
Education, yrs. | 15 ± 3 | 16 ± 2 | −3.3 to 0.0 | 0.05 |
APOE 4 carriers | 9 (26 %) | 6 (40 %) | −0.43 to 0.15 | 0.50 |
Last MMSE | 27 ± 2 | 27 ± 2 [n = 14] | −1.8 to 0.9 | 0.55 |
Interval last MMSE till death, months | 15 ± 15 | 10 ± 5 [n = 14] | −3.3 to 13.2 | 0.23 |
Last UPDRS | 20 ± 16 [n = 33] | 23 ± 17 | −13 to 8 | 0.63 |
Interval last UPDRS till death, months | 15 ± 15 | 17 ± 19 | −12 to 9 | 0.78 |
aMCI | naMCI | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinicopathologic diagnoses | |||
PD | 8 (24 %)a | 7 (47 %) | 0.18 |
PSP | 3 (9 %)a | 3 (20 %) | 0.35 |
MND | 0 | 1 (7 %) | 0.31 |
MSA | 1 (3 %) | 0 | 1.00 |
Other pathologies | |||
Met neuropath criteria for AD | 18 (53 %) | 8 (53 %) | 1.00 |
Braak NFT stage | 0.22 | ||
I | 2 (6 %) | 0 | |
II | 2 (6 %) | 2 (13 %) | |
III | 3 (9 %) | 5 (33 %) | |
IV | 23 (68 %) | 8 (53 %) | |
V | 3 (9 %) | 0 | |
VI | 1 (3 %) | 0 | |
CERAD NP score | 0.90 | ||
None | 12 (35 %) | 6 (40 %) | |
Sparse | 2 (6 %) | 1 (7 %) | |
Moderate | 8 (24 %) | 2 (13 %) | |
Frequent | 12 (35 %) | 6 (40 %) | |
Incidental LBs | 5 (15 %) | 0 | 0.31 |
Unified LB staging scheme | 0.18 | ||
Stage 0. no LBs | 21 (62 %) | 8 (53 %) | |
Stage 1. OBT only | 2 (6 %) | 0 | |
Stage IIa. Brainstem | 3 (9 %) | 1 (7 %) | |
Stage IIb. Limbic | 3 (9 %) | 0 | |
Stage III. Limbic + Brainstem | 3 (9 %) | 3 (20 %) | |
Stage IV. Neocortical | 2 (6 %) | 3 (20 %) |
aMCI | naMCI | 95 % CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Neuritic plaques | ||||
Frontal lobe | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.3) | −1.0 to 0.6 | 0.55 |
Temporal lobe | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.3) | −0.7 to 0.9 | 0.88 |
Parietal lobe | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.7) | −1.0 to 0.7 | 0.76 |
Hippocampus region | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.8) | −0.53 to 0.53 | 1.00 |
Entorhinal region | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.0) | −0.8 to 0.8 | 0.97 |
Total (all areas; score out of 15) | 6.6 (5.7) | 1.2 (5.2) | −4.3 to 2.9 | 0.11 |
Neurofibrillary tangles | ||||
Braak NFT stage | IV (I-VI) | III (II-IV) | −0.22 to 0.95 | 0.22 |
Frontal lobe | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.3) | −0.06 to 0.60 | 0.11 |
Temporal lobe | 1 (0.8) | 0.6 (0.7) | −0.04 to 0.91 | 0.07 |
Parietal lobe | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.2) | −0.02 to 0.60 | 0.07 |
Hippocampus region | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.0 (0.9) | −0.30 to 0.80 | 0.36 |
Entorhinal region | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | −0.38 to 0.60 | 0.66 |
Total (all areas; score out of 15) | 6.6 (2.8) | 5.2 (2.3) | −0.3 to3.1 | 0.11 |
Lewy type synucleinopathy | ||||
Olfactory bulb | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.8) | −1.5 to 0.7 | 0.44 |
Cingulate cortex | 0.6 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.6) | −1.4 to 0.1 | 0.11 |
Frontal lobe | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.8) | −0.55 to 0.22 | 0.39 |
Temporal lobe | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.7 (1.0) | −0.9 to -0.3 | 0.04 |
Parietal lobe | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.7) | −0.64 to 0.12 | 0.17 |
Amygdala | 0.9 (1.5) | 1.5 (1.8) | −1.5 to 0.5 | 0.29 |
Transentorhinal cortex | 0.6 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.5) | −1.3 to 0.3 | 0.23 |
Total (all areas; score out of 15) | 6.6 (2.8) | 5.2 (2.3) | −0.3 to3.1 | 0.11 |
Other pathologies | ||||
Arg | 13 (37 %) | 4 (27 %) | n/a | 0.74 |
CWMR | 22 (65 %) | 10 (67 %) | n/a | 0.89 |
CAA | 16 (47 %) | 10 (67 %) | n/a | 0.21 |
Brain neoplasms | 2 (6 %) | 0 | n/a | 1.0 |
Acute infarcts | 6 (18 %) | 2 (13 %) | n/a | 1.0 |
aMCI | |||||
Area affected | Total cases | Microscopic | Lacunar | Small | Large |
Cortical | 10 (29 %) | 8 (24 %) | 2 (6 %) | 2 (6 %) | 2 (6 %) |
Centrum semiovale | 3 (9 %) | 2 (6 %) | 1 (3 %) | 1 (3 %) | 1 (3 %) |
Deep nuclei | 12 (35 %) | 4 (12 %) | 9 (26 %) | 2 (6 %) | 1 (3 %) |
Infratentorial | 14 (41 %) | 12 (35 %) | 2 (6 %) | 2 (6 %) | 1 (3 %) |
naMCI | |||||
Area affected | Total cases | Microscopic | Lacunar | Small | Large |
Cortical | 3 (20 %) | 1 (7 %) | 0 | 2 (13 %) | 1 (7 %) |
Centrum semiovale | 3 (20 %) | 0 | 2 (13 %) | 0 | 1 (7 %) |
Deep nuclei | 3 (20 %) | 2 (13 %) | 2 (13 %) | 0 | 0 |
Infratentorial | 3 (20 %) | 2 (13 %) | 1 (7 %) | 0 | 0 |