Background
The biology of neutrophils: Clinical implications
Neutrophils role in cancer
Association of neutrophil presence and clinical outcome
Reference | Prognostic outcome for high NLR: If not otherwise indicated, Hazard Ratio [95% confidence interval] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed identifier | Author | Tumor type | Number of studies | Number of patients | OS | PFS | DFS/RFS | EFS |
PMID: 27,368,058 | Cao J. et al. | Prostate cancer | 22 | 18,092 | 1.40 [1.25–1.55] | 1.42 [1.23–1.61] | 1.38 [1.01–1.75] | - |
PMID: 25,889,889 | Chen J. et al. | Gastric cancer | 9 | 3709 | 2.16 [1.86–2.50] | 2.78 [1.95–3.96] | - | - |
PMID: 28,430,605 | Chen N. et al. | Malignant pleural mesothelioma | 11 | 1533 | 1.48 [1.16–1.89] | - | - | - |
PMID: 26,226,887 | Cheng H. et al. | Pancreatic cancer | 9 | 2035 | 1.59 [1.41–1.79] | - | - | - |
PMID: 28,693,795 | Dolan R.D. et al. | Advanced inoperable cancer | 59 | 16,921 | 1.71 [1.57–1.86] | - | - | - |
PMID: 28,222,899 | Ethier J.L. et al. | Gynecologic cancer | 26 | 10,530 | 1.65 [1.44–1.89] | - | - | 1.57 [1.35–1.82] |
PMID: 26,912,340 | Gu X. et al. | Prostate cancer | 14 | 16,266 | 1.38 [1.22–1.56] | 1.24 [1.05–1.46] | - | - |
PMID: 26,205,001 | Gu X.B. et al. | Non- small cell lung cancer | 14 | 3656 | 1.70 [1.39–2.09] | 1.63 [1.27–2.09] | - | - |
PMID: 25,854,964 | Hu K. et al. | Renal cell carcinoma | 15 | 3357 | 1.82 [1.51–2.19] | 2.18 [1.75–2.71] | - | - |
PMID: 28,467,978 | Huang Q.T. et al. | Ovarian cancer | 12 | 3854 | 1.69 [1.29–2.22] | 1.63 [1.27–2.09] | - | - |
PMID: 28,187,430 | Huang Q.T. et al. | Cervical cancer | 9 | 2804 | 1.88 [1.30–2.73] | 1.65 [1.18–2.29] | - | - |
PMID: 24,122,750 | Li M.X. et al. | Colorectal cancer | 16 | 6859 | 1.81 [1.50–2.19] | 2.10 [1.55–2.84] | - | - |
PMID: 28,514,738 | Li X. et al. | Upper urinary tract and bladder | 32 | 11,538 | 1.72 [1.45–2.05] | 1.68 [1.44–1.96] | - | - |
PMID: 26,835,589 | Li Y. et al. | Soft tissue sarcoma | 11 | 1809 | 3.75 [1.24–11.37] | - | 2.43 [0.84 –7.05] | - |
PMID: 26,448,011 | Luo Y. et al. | Renal cell carcinoma | 34 | 9811 | 1.79 [1.61–2.00] | 1.85 [1.24–2.77] | 1.97 [1.37–2,84] | - |
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma | 2.48 [1.31–4.70] | 1.70 [1.14–2.56] | 1.47 [1.11–1.95] | - | ||||
Bladder cancer | 1.68 [1.45–1.94] | 3.52 [1.33–9.33] | 1.55 [1.21–2.00] | - | ||||
Prostate cancer | 1.44 [1.28–1.62] | 1.29 [1.04–1.59] | - | - | ||||
PMID: 24,866,438 | Malietzis G. et al. | Colorectal cancer | 13 | 4056 | - | - | 2.08 [1.64–2.64] | - |
PMID: 28,131,752 | Marchioni M. et al. | Upper tract urothelial cancer | 6 | 1710 | 1.97 [1.27–3.04] | - | 1.53 [1.19–1.96] | - |
PMID: 28,602,879 | Mei Z. et al. | Advanced cancer | 66 | 24,536 | 1.70 [1.57–1.84] | - | 1.61 [1.42–1.82] | - |
PMID: 27,270,655 | Na N. et al. | Renal carcinoma | 9 | 1091 | 1.93 [1.35–2.77] | 2.12 [1.42–3.17] | - | - |
PMID: 24,378,193 | Paramanathan A. et al. | Solid tumors | 49 | 14,282 | 1.92 [1.64–2.24] | - | 1.99 [1.80–2.20] | - |
PMID: 26,064,198 | Peng B. et al. | Non-small cell lung cancer | 12 | 2377 | 1.43 [1.25–1.64] | 1.37 [1.07–1.74] | - | - |
PMID: 28,296,774 | Su L. et al. | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 14 | 11,651 | 1.77 [1.41–2.23] | 1.67 [1.36–2.06] | - | - |
PMID: 26,924,872 | Sun J. et al. | Gastric cancer | 19 | 5431 | 1.98 [1.75–2.24] | 1.58 [1.32–1.88] | - | - |
PMID: 27,427,969 | Tang H. et al. | Colorectal Liver metastasis | 8 | 1685 | 2.17 [1.82–2.58] | - | 1.96 [1.64–2.35] | - |
PMID: 27,096,158 | Tang L. et al. | Advanced Prostate cancer | 18 | 9418 | 1.628 [1.41–1.879] | - | 1.37 [1.13–1.64] | - |
PMID: 24,875,653 | Templeton A.J. et al. | Solid tumors | 100 | 40,559 | 1.81 [1.67–1.97] | 1.63 [1.39–1.91] | 2.27 [1.85–2.79] | - |
PMID: 27,461,614 | Tsai P.L. et al. | Colorectal cancer | 15 | 7741 | OR: 2.03 [1.56–2.63] | - | OR: 1.67 [1.19–2.35] | - |
PMID: 27,660,475 | Wei B. et al. | Breast cancer | 12 | 7951 | 2.03 [1.41–2.93] | - | 1.46 [1.12–1.90] | - |
PMID: 24,642,859 | Wei Y. et al. | Urinary cancer | 17 | 3159 | 1.81 [1.48–2.21] | - | 2.07 [1.65–2.6] | - |
PMID: 28,077,792 | Wu J. et al. | Cervical cancer | 13 | 3729 | 1.38 [1.20–1.58] | 1.65 [1.31–2.07] | - | - |
PMID: 24,559,042 | Xiao W.K. et al. | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 15 | 3094 | 3.42 [2.41–4.85] | - | 5.90 [3.99–8.70] | - |
PMID: 26,225,826 | Xin-Ji Z. et al. | Gastric cancer | 29 | 14,321 | 1.65 [1.47–1.83] | - | 1.61 [1.28–1.94] | - |
PMID: 24,788,770 | Xue T.C. et al. | Liver cancer | 26 | 4461 | 2.10 [1.74–2.54] | - | 2.47 [1.85–3.30] | - |
PMID: 27,732,958 | Yang H.B. et al. | Lung cancer | 19 | 7283 | 1.23 [1.17–1.29] | 1.18 [1.08–1.29] | - | - |
PMID: 25,759,553 | Yang J.J. et al. | Pancreatic cancer | 11 | 1804 | 2.61 [1.68–4.06] | - | - | - |
PMID: 25,914,549 | Yang X. et al. | Esophageal cancer | 6 | 1633 | 1.54 [1.32–1.80] | - | 1.74 [1.25–2.43] | - |
PMID: 28,423,365 | Yang Z. et al. | Epithelial ovarian cancer | 12 | 3154 | 1.72 [1.18–2.51] | 1.80 [1.22–2.65] | - | - |
PMID: 26,817,900 | Yin X. et al. | Prostate cancer | 14 | 12,474 | 1.45 [0.77–2.71] | - | 1.34 [0.89–2.02] | - |
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer | 1.57 [1.41–1.74] | 1.97 [1.28–3.04] | - | - | ||||
PMID: 26,222,823 | Yin Y. et al. | Lung cancer | 14 | 2734 | 1.51 [1.32–1.72] | - | - | - |
PMID: 26,416,715 | Yodying H. et al. | Esophageal cancer | 7 | 1540 | 1.40 [1.08–1.81] | - | 1.54 [0.79–2.98] | - |
PMID: 28,644,143 | Zhang J. et al. | Colorectal cancer | 23 | 11,762 | 1.92 [1.57–2.34] | - | 1.66 [1.31–2.11] | - |
PMID: 25,401,500 | Zhang X. et al. | Gastric cancer | 10 | 2952 | 1.83 [1.62–2.07] | 1.54 [1.22–1.95] | 1.58 [1.12–2.21] | - |
PMID: 26,491,346 | Zhao Q.T. et al. | Lung cancer | 22 | 7054 | 1.51 [1.33–1.71] | 1.33 [1.07–1.67] | - | - |
Therapeutic strategies to decrease neutrophil activity
Drug | Mechanism of action | Study number | Clinical stage | Indication | Alone or in combination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reparixin | Reparixin Noncompetitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine. | NCT02001974 | I | Metastatic Breast Cancer | Paclitaxel + Reparixin |
Reparixin | Reparixin Noncompetitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine | NCT01861054 | II | Metastatic Breast Cancer | Alone |
Reparixin | Reparixin Noncompetitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine | NCT02370238 | II | Metastatic Breast Cancer | Paclitaxel in Combination With Reparixin or Placebo |