Introduction
Methods
Subjects
Clinical and physiological measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population
Variable | Patients |
---|---|
(N = 828) | |
Gender (M/F)*
| 687 / 141 |
Age (y)
| 67 (9) |
Pack-years
| 56 (28) |
Active smoking*
| 29% |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 28.1 (5.5) |
FEV
1
L
| 1.65 (0.65) |
FEV
1
%
| 56 (28) |
PaO
2
(mmHg)
| 67.4 (9.6) |
FVC L
| 3.130 (0.94) |
FVC%
| 88 (19) |
FEV1/FVC
| 53 (11) |
6MWD (m)
| 438 (104) |
Dyspnea (mMRC)†
| 1 (0-4) |
BODE index†
| 4 (0-6) |
IC/TLC
| 0.35 (0.10) |
K
CO
| 74 (24) |
Charlson index†
| 1 (0-5) |
Exacerbations ≥2 per patient-years
‡
| 0.15 (0.01) |
Hospitalization ≥1 per patient-years
‡
| 0.12 (0.01) |
Inhaled anticholinergic*
| 75% |
Inhaled β2-agonist*
| 74% |
Inhaled corticosteroid*
| 65% |
CAT†
| 11 (2-27) |
CCQ†
| 1,3 (0-3.7) |
Baseline distribution for the 2013 GOLD update
GOLD 2013 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | A | B | C | D | p |
Gender (M/F)*
| 125 / 22 | 255 / 59 | 35 / 5 | 272 / 55 | 0.632 |
Age
| 66 (8) | 68 (9) | 68 (9) | 68 (9) | 0.030 |
Pack-yr
| 50 (24) | 55 (27) | 51 (28) | 60 (29) | 0.006 |
Active smoking*
| 40% | 38% | 28% | 25% | 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2)
| 27.9 (4.7) | 28.7 (6.2) | 27.6 (4.6) | 27.9 (5.1) | 0.155 |
6MWD m
| 474 (97) | 450 (98) | 428 (93) | 400 (108) | <0.001 |
BODE index
†
| 0 (0-2) | 1 (0-4) | 2 (0-7) | 3 (0-7) | <0.001 |
Charlson index
†
| 1 (0-5) | 1 (0-5) | 1 (0-4) | 1 (0-5) | 0.263 |
Inhaled anti cholinergic*
| 56% | 68% | 87% | 88% | <0.001 |
Inhaled β2-agonist*
| 53% | 68% | 88% | 90% | <0.001 |
Inhaled corticosteroid*
| 45% | 55% | 82% | 83% | <0.001 |
Theophylline*
| 0.7% | 5% | 10% | 17% | <0.001 |
GOLD 2013 | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
mMRC
| 316 (38.2%) | 146 (17.6%) | 131 (15.8%) | 235 (28.4%) |
CAT
| 214 (27.2%) | 223 (28.3%) | 102 (12.9%) | 249 (31.6%) |
CCQ
| 220 (26.6%) | 241 (29.1%) | 117 (14.1%) | 250 (30.2%) |
Longitudinal (1 year) GOLD data
Variable | Univariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|
Relative risk | 95%CI | p | |
Age
| 1.032 | 1.004-1.062 | 0.027 |
Gender (female)
| 1.542 | 0.761-3.122 | 0.229 |
Active smoking
| 1.086 | 0.637-1.853 | 0.761 |
BMI
| 1.021 | 0.983-1.060 | 0.280 |
Inhaled β2-agonist
| 0.824 | 1.487-1.393 | 0.470 |
Inhaled anticholinergic
| 0.905 | 0.529-1.550 | 0.717 |
Inhaled corticosteroid
| 1.065 | 0.639-1.774 | 0.809 |
Charlson index
| 1.047 | 0.898-1.220 | 0.557 |
Anxiety
| 1.021 | 0.967-1.077 | 0.450 |
Depression
| 1.096 | 1.027-1.170 | 0.006 |
FEV1%*
| 1.065 | 1.034-1.096 | <0.001 |
mMRC*
| 1.956 | 1.494-2.562 | <0.001 |
CAT*
| 1.162 | 1,106-1.221 | <0.001 |
Exacerbations ≥2 or hospitalization ≥1*
| 0.981 | 0.182-5.285 | 0.982 |
BODE index*
| 2.136 | 1.664-2.742 | <0.001 |
Multivariate analysis
| |||
Relative risk
|
95%CI
|
p
| |
CAT
| 1.138 | 1.074-1.206 | <0.001 |
BODE index
| 2.012 | 1.487-2.722 | <0.001 |