Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 1/2018

01.01.2018 | Cardiac Nuclear Imaging (A Cuocolo and M Petretta, Section Editors)

New Trends in Quantitative Nuclear Cardiology Methods

verfasst von: Javier Gomez, Rami Doukky, Guido Germano, Piotr Slomka

Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The use of quantitative analysis in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) has become an integral part of current clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the detection and risk stratification of coronary artery disease. Emerging technologies, new protocols, and new quantification methods have had a significant impact on the diagnostic performance and prognostic value of nuclear cardiology imaging while reducing the need for clinician oversight. In this review, we aim to describe recent advances in automation and quantitative analysis in nuclear cardiology.

Recent Findings

Recent publications have shown that fully automatic processing is feasible, limiting human input to specific cases where aberrancies are detected by the quality control software. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating that fully quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion imaging is feasible and can achieve at least similar diagnostic accuracy as visual interpretation by an expert clinician. In addition, the use of fully automated quantification in combination with machine learning algorithms can provide incremental diagnostic and prognostic value over the traditional method of expert visual interpretation.

Summary

Emerging technologies in nuclear cardiology focus on automation and the use of artificial intelligence as part of the interpretation process. This review highlights the benefits and limitations of these applications and outlines future directions in the field.
Literatur
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorbala S, Vangala D, Sampson U, Limaye A, Kwong R, Di Carli MF. Value of vasodilator left ventricular ejection fraction reserve in evaluating the magnitude of myocardium at risk and the extent of angiographic coronary artery disease: a 82Rb PET/CT study. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(3):349–58.PubMed Dorbala S, Vangala D, Sampson U, Limaye A, Kwong R, Di Carli MF. Value of vasodilator left ventricular ejection fraction reserve in evaluating the magnitude of myocardium at risk and the extent of angiographic coronary artery disease: a 82Rb PET/CT study. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(3):349–58.PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat • Germano G, Kavanagh PB, Fish MB, Lemley MH, Xu Y, Berman DS, et al. “Same-patient processing” for multiple cardiac SPECT studies. 1. Improving LV segmentation accuracy. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23(6):1435–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-016-0673-2. This study demonstrated that, in patients with multiple MPI studies, contour detection is improved using "same-patient processing" by avoiding inter-study inconsistencies. • Germano G, Kavanagh PB, Fish MB, Lemley MH, Xu Y, Berman DS, et al. “Same-patient processing” for multiple cardiac SPECT studies. 1. Improving LV segmentation accuracy. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23(6):1435–41. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12350-016-0673-2. This study demonstrated that, in patients with multiple MPI studies, contour detection is improved using "same-patient processing" by avoiding inter-study inconsistencies.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat • Betancur J, Rubeaux M, Fuchs TA, Otaki Y, Arnson Y, Slipczuk L, et al. Automatic valve plane localization in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT by machine learning: anatomic and clinical validation. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(6):961–7. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.179911. This study demonstrated that machine learning algorithms for valve plane localization and segmentation are as effective as expert operators and yielded equivalent diagnostic accuracy. • Betancur J, Rubeaux M, Fuchs TA, Otaki Y, Arnson Y, Slipczuk L, et al. Automatic valve plane localization in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT by machine learning: anatomic and clinical validation. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(6):961–7. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2967/​jnumed.​116.​179911. This study demonstrated that machine learning algorithms for valve plane localization and segmentation are as effective as expert operators and yielded equivalent diagnostic accuracy.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS, Kang X, Akincioglu C, Friedman JD, et al. “Motion-frozen” display and quantification of myocardial perfusion. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(7):1128–34.PubMed Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS, Kang X, Akincioglu C, Friedman JD, et al. “Motion-frozen” display and quantification of myocardial perfusion. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(7):1128–34.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat • Daou D, Sabbah R, Coaguila C, Boulahdour H. Applicability of data-driven respiratory motion correction to CZT SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in the clinical setting: the birth of an old wish. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(4):1451–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-016-0633-x. This study demonstrated the feasibility and applicability of respiratory motion correction with CZT SPECT systems. • Daou D, Sabbah R, Coaguila C, Boulahdour H. Applicability of data-driven respiratory motion correction to CZT SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in the clinical setting: the birth of an old wish. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(4):1451–3. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12350-016-0633-x. This study demonstrated the feasibility and applicability of respiratory motion correction with CZT SPECT systems.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Daou D, Sabbah R, Coaguila C, Boulahdour H. Feasibility of data-driven cardiac respiratory motion correction of myocardial perfusion CZT SPECT: a pilot study. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016. Daou D, Sabbah R, Coaguila C, Boulahdour H. Feasibility of data-driven cardiac respiratory motion correction of myocardial perfusion CZT SPECT: a pilot study. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat • Slomka PJ, Rubeaux M, Le Meunier L, Dey D, Lazewatsky JL, Pan T, et al. Dual-gated motion-frozen cardiac PET with flurpiridaz F 18. J Nucl Med. 2015;56(12):1876–81. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.164285. This study demonstrated the feasibility of dual (respiratory and cardiac) motion correction in PET imaging using the novel radiotracer F-18 flurpiridaz. • Slomka PJ, Rubeaux M, Le Meunier L, Dey D, Lazewatsky JL, Pan T, et al. Dual-gated motion-frozen cardiac PET with flurpiridaz F 18. J Nucl Med. 2015;56(12):1876–81. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2967/​jnumed.​115.​164285. This study demonstrated the feasibility of dual (respiratory and cardiac) motion correction in PET imaging using the novel radiotracer F-18 flurpiridaz.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, et al. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002;105(4):539–42. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0402.102975.PubMedCrossRef Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, et al. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002;105(4):539–42. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​hc0402.​102975.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hendel RC, Budoff MJ, Cardella JF, Chambers CE, Dent JM, Fitzgerald DM, et al. ACC/AHA/ACR/ASE/ASNC/HRS/NASCI/RSNA/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SIR 2008 key data elements and definitions for cardiac imaging a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical data standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Cardiac Imaging). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(1):91–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.006.PubMedCrossRef Hendel RC, Budoff MJ, Cardella JF, Chambers CE, Dent JM, Fitzgerald DM, et al. ACC/AHA/ACR/ASE/ASNC/HRS/NASCI/RSNA/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SIR 2008 key data elements and definitions for cardiac imaging a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical data standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Cardiac Imaging). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(1):91–124. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2008.​09.​006.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat • Arsanjani R, Dey D, Khachatryan T, Shalev A, Hayes SW, Fish M, et al. Prediction of revascularization after myocardial perfusion SPECT by machine learning in a large population. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22(5):877–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-014-0027-x. This study demonstrated that integration of perfusion analysis with clinical variables through machine learning algorithms was comparable or superior to expert interpretation in predicting coronary revascularization. • Arsanjani R, Dey D, Khachatryan T, Shalev A, Hayes SW, Fish M, et al. Prediction of revascularization after myocardial perfusion SPECT by machine learning in a large population. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22(5):877–84. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12350-014-0027-x. This study demonstrated that integration of perfusion analysis with clinical variables through machine learning algorithms was comparable or superior to expert interpretation in predicting coronary revascularization.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat • Motwani M, Leslie WD, Goertzen AL, Otaki Y, Germano G, Berman DS, et al. Fully automated analysis of attenuation-corrected SPECT for the long-term prediction of acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0840-0. This study demonstrated that in automatically processed and interpreted MPI studies, stress TPD was an independent predictor of future myocardial infarction. • Motwani M, Leslie WD, Goertzen AL, Otaki Y, Germano G, Berman DS, et al. Fully automated analysis of attenuation-corrected SPECT for the long-term prediction of acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017; https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12350-017-0840-0. This study demonstrated that in automatically processed and interpreted MPI studies, stress TPD was an independent predictor of future myocardial infarction.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS, Kang X, Friedman JD, Hayes SW, et al. Automatic quantification of myocardial perfusion stress-rest change: a new measure of ischemia. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(2):183–91.PubMed Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS, Kang X, Friedman JD, Hayes SW, et al. Automatic quantification of myocardial perfusion stress-rest change: a new measure of ischemia. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(2):183–91.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Maron DJ, Mancini GB, Hayes SW, Hartigan PM, et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: results from the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial nuclear substudy. Circulation. 2008;117(10):1283–91. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743963.PubMedCrossRef Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Maron DJ, Mancini GB, Hayes SW, Hartigan PM, et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: results from the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial nuclear substudy. Circulation. 2008;117(10):1283–91. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​CIRCULATIONAHA.​107.​743963.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajjiri MM, Leavitt MB, Zheng H, Spooner AE, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Comparison of positron emission tomography measurement of adenosine-stimulated absolute myocardial blood flow versus relative myocardial tracer content for physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity and location. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2(6):751–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.04.004.PubMedCrossRef Hajjiri MM, Leavitt MB, Zheng H, Spooner AE, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Comparison of positron emission tomography measurement of adenosine-stimulated absolute myocardial blood flow versus relative myocardial tracer content for physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity and location. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2(6):751–8. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2009.​04.​004.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat • Hsu B, Hu LH, Yang BH, Chen LC, Chen YK, Ting CH, et al. SPECT myocardial blood flow quantitation toward clinical use: a comparative study with 13N-ammonia PET myocardial blood flow quantitation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(1):117–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3491-5. This study suggested that the accuracy of myocardial blood flow quantification by PET and SPECT may be comparable. • Hsu B, Hu LH, Yang BH, Chen LC, Chen YK, Ting CH, et al. SPECT myocardial blood flow quantitation toward clinical use: a comparative study with 13N-ammonia PET myocardial blood flow quantitation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(1):117–28. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00259-016-3491-5. This study suggested that the accuracy of myocardial blood flow quantification by PET and SPECT may be comparable.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Atchley AE, Kitzman DW, Whellan DJ, Iskandrian AE, Ellis SJ, Pagnanelli RA, et al. Myocardial perfusion, function, and dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure: baseline results from the single-photon emission computed tomography imaging ancillary study of the heart failure and a controlled trial investigating outcomes of exercise TraiNing (HF-ACTION) trial. Am Heart J. 2009;158(4 Suppl):S53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2009.07.009.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Atchley AE, Kitzman DW, Whellan DJ, Iskandrian AE, Ellis SJ, Pagnanelli RA, et al. Myocardial perfusion, function, and dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure: baseline results from the single-photon emission computed tomography imaging ancillary study of the heart failure and a controlled trial investigating outcomes of exercise TraiNing (HF-ACTION) trial. Am Heart J. 2009;158(4 Suppl):S53–63. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ahj.​2009.​07.​009.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat • Isgum I, de Vos BD, Wolterink JM, Dey D, Berman DS, Rubeaux M, et al. Automatic determination of cardiovascular risk by CT attenuation correction maps in Rb-82 PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017. This study demonstrated that CT attenuation correction scan in PET imaging may be used for calcium score determination. • Isgum I, de Vos BD, Wolterink JM, Dey D, Berman DS, Rubeaux M, et al. Automatic determination of cardiovascular risk by CT attenuation correction maps in Rb-82 PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017. This study demonstrated that CT attenuation correction scan in PET imaging may be used for calcium score determination.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat • Motwani M, Dey D, Berman DS, Germano G, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah MH, et al. Machine learning for prediction of all-cause mortality in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: a 5-year multicentre prospective registry analysis. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(7):500–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw188. This study demonstrated that machine learning algorithms, combining clinical and CCTA parameters, predict all cause death better than CCTA alone. • Motwani M, Dey D, Berman DS, Germano G, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah MH, et al. Machine learning for prediction of all-cause mortality in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: a 5-year multicentre prospective registry analysis. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(7):500–7. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehw188. This study demonstrated that machine learning algorithms, combining clinical and CCTA parameters, predict all cause death better than CCTA alone.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat • Betancur J, Otaki Y, Motwani M, Fish M, Lemley M, Dey D, et al. Prognostic value of combined clinical and myocardial perfusion imaging data using machine learning. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.024. This study shows that, compared to visual assessment, automatic interpretation using machine learning was superior in predicting 3-year MACE risk. • Betancur J, Otaki Y, Motwani M, Fish M, Lemley M, Dey D, et al. Prognostic value of combined clinical and myocardial perfusion imaging data using machine learning. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017; https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2017.​07.​024. This study shows that, compared to visual assessment, automatic interpretation using machine learning was superior in predicting 3-year MACE risk.
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Y, Jia Z, Mercola D, Xie X. A gradient boosting algorithm for survival analysis via direct optimization of concordance index. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:873595.PubMedPubMedCentral Chen Y, Jia Z, Mercola D, Xie X. A gradient boosting algorithm for survival analysis via direct optimization of concordance index. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:873595.PubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Zurück zum Zitat • Betancur J, Commandeur T, Sharir T, Fish M, Ruddy TD, Kaufmann PA, et al. Analysis of raw polar maps from myocardial perfusion SPECT by gender-adjusted deep learning improves automatic prediction of obstructive coronary disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(4):1492–3. [Abstract 330–05]. This study demonstrated that deep machine learning algorithms improved the prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease. • Betancur J, Commandeur T, Sharir T, Fish M, Ruddy TD, Kaufmann PA, et al. Analysis of raw polar maps from myocardial perfusion SPECT by gender-adjusted deep learning improves automatic prediction of obstructive coronary disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(4):1492–3. [Abstract 330–05]. This study demonstrated that deep machine learning algorithms improved the prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease.
Metadaten
Titel
New Trends in Quantitative Nuclear Cardiology Methods
verfasst von
Javier Gomez
Rami Doukky
Guido Germano
Piotr Slomka
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1941-9066
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-9074
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-018-9443-7

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.