Skip to main content
Erschienen in: medizinische genetik 4/2014

01.12.2014 | Schwerpunktthema: Pränatale Diagnostik

Nichtinvasive Pränataldiagnostik

ETS und NGS-basierte Tests

verfasst von: Bernd Eiben, Ralf Glaubitz, Karl Oliver Kagan

Erschienen in: medizinische genetik | Ausgabe 4/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Das Ersttrimesterscreening zur Risikobestimmung für die Trisomien 21, 18 und 13 hat sich in den letzten 15 Jahren in Deutschland etabliert. Die optimale Durchführung setzt die Einhaltung bestimmter Messkriterien beim Ultraschall und bei der biochemischen Analyse voraus sowie die Benutzung evaluierter Risikoberechnungsprogramme wie dem Berechnungsprogramm PRC der Fetal Medicine Foundation Deutschland (FMF-D). Durch die neue Version des Berechnungsprogramms PRC konnten die Trisomie-21-, -18- und -13-Detektionsraten erhöht werden bei gleichzeitiger Senkung der Falsch-positiv-Raten, was einen großen Fortschritt verglichen mit der mütterlichen Altersindikation darstellt.
Durch die Analyse der zellfreien fetalen DNA aus dem mütterlichen Plasma können seit 2 Jahren aber wesentlich bessere Screeningvorhersagen getroffen werden. Über 99 % aller Trisomie-21-Schwangerschaften können mit dieser Methodik als Risikogruppe beschrieben werden. Die Falsch-positiv-Rate liegt unter 1 %. Durch diese Methode ist ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Pränataldiagnostik zu erwarten.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Tabor A, Alfirevic Z (2010) Update on procedure-related risks for prenatal diagnosis techniques. Fetal Diagn Ther 27(1):1–7 PubMedCrossRef Tabor A, Alfirevic Z (2010) Update on procedure-related risks for prenatal diagnosis techniques. Fetal Diagn Ther 27(1):1–7 PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Gendiagnostik-Kommission am Robert Koch-Institut 2013: Richtlinie der Gendiagnostik-Kommission (GEKO) für die Anforderungen an die Durchführung der vorgeburtlichen Risikoabklärung sowie an die insoweit erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Qualitätssicherung gemäß § 23 Abs. 2 Nr. 5 GenDG in der Fassung vom 12.04.2013 veröffentlicht und in Kraft getreten am 22.04.2013 Gendiagnostik-Kommission am Robert Koch-Institut 2013: Richtlinie der Gendiagnostik-Kommission (GEKO) für die Anforderungen an die Durchführung der vorgeburtlichen Risikoabklärung sowie an die insoweit erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Qualitätssicherung gemäß § 23 Abs. 2 Nr. 5 GenDG in der Fassung vom 12.04.2013 veröffentlicht und in Kraft getreten am 22.04.2013
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Wright D, Etchegaray A, Zhou Y, Nicolaides KH (2009) Effect of deviation of nuchal translucency measurements on the performance of screening for trisomy 21. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33(6):657–664 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Wright D, Etchegaray A, Zhou Y, Nicolaides KH (2009) Effect of deviation of nuchal translucency measurements on the performance of screening for trisomy 21. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33(6):657–664 PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Cicero S, Staboulidou I, Wright D, Nicolaides KH (2009) Fetal nasal bone in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11–13 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33(3):259–264 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Cicero S, Staboulidou I, Wright D, Nicolaides KH (2009) Fetal nasal bone in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11–13 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33(3):259–264 PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Valencia C, Livanos P, Wright D, Nicolaides KH (2009) Tricuspid regurgitation in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33(1):18–22 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Valencia C, Livanos P, Wright D, Nicolaides KH (2009) Tricuspid regurgitation in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33(1):18–22 PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Maiz N, Wright D, Ferreira AFA, Syngelaki A, Nicolaides KH (2012) A mixture model of ductus venosus pulsatility index in screening for aneuploidies at 11–13 weeks’ gestation. Fetal Diagn Ther 31(4):221–229 PubMedCrossRef Maiz N, Wright D, Ferreira AFA, Syngelaki A, Nicolaides KH (2012) A mixture model of ductus venosus pulsatility index in screening for aneuploidies at 11–13 weeks’ gestation. Fetal Diagn Ther 31(4):221–229 PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Wright D, Spencer K, Kagan K K, Tørring N, Petersen OB, Christou A et al (2010) First-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 at 7–14 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36(4):404–411 PubMedCrossRef Wright D, Spencer K, Kagan K K, Tørring N, Petersen OB, Christou A et al (2010) First-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 at 7–14 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36(4):404–411 PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Merz E, Eiben B, Thode C (2014) Die neue Ersttrimestersoftware PRC 3.0 der FMF-Deutschland. Frauenarzt 55:2 Merz E, Eiben B, Thode C (2014) Die neue Ersttrimestersoftware PRC 3.0 der FMF-Deutschland. Frauenarzt 55:2
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Wright D, Valencia C, Maiz N, Nicolaides KH (2008) Screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, fetal heart rate, free-hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Hum Reprod 23(9):1968–1975 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Wright D, Valencia C, Maiz N, Nicolaides KH (2008) Screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, fetal heart rate, free-hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Hum Reprod 23(9):1968–1975 PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicolaides KH, Spencer K, Avgidou K et al (2005) Multicenter study of first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 75 821 pregnancies: results and estimation of the potential impact of individual risk-orientated two-stage first-trimester screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:221–226 PubMedCrossRef Nicolaides KH, Spencer K, Avgidou K et al (2005) Multicenter study of first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 75 821 pregnancies: results and estimation of the potential impact of individual risk-orientated two-stage first-trimester screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:221–226 PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Merz E, Thode C, Eiben B et al (2011) Individualized correction for maternal weight in calculating the risk of chromosomal abnormalities with first-trimester screening data. Ultraschall Med 32:33–39 PubMedCrossRef Merz E, Thode C, Eiben B et al (2011) Individualized correction for maternal weight in calculating the risk of chromosomal abnormalities with first-trimester screening data. Ultraschall Med 32:33–39 PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Eiben B, Thode C, Merz E (2011) Das Ersttrimesterscreening und die neue Risikoberechnungssoftware der Fetal Medicine Foundation Deutschland. Medgen Springer-Verlag 23:453–456 Eiben B, Thode C, Merz E (2011) Das Ersttrimesterscreening und die neue Risikoberechnungssoftware der Fetal Medicine Foundation Deutschland. Medgen Springer-Verlag 23:453–456
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Holzgreve W, Garritsen HS, Ganshirt-Ahlert D (1992) Fetal cells in the maternal circulation. J Reprod Med 37:410–418 PubMed Holzgreve W, Garritsen HS, Ganshirt-Ahlert D (1992) Fetal cells in the maternal circulation. J Reprod Med 37:410–418 PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bianchi DW, Simpson JL, Jackson LG et al (2002) Fetal gender and aneuploidy detection using fetal cells in maternal blood: analysis of NIFTY I data. National Institute of Child Health and Development Fetal Cell Isolation Study. Prenat Diagn 22:609–615 PubMedCrossRef Bianchi DW, Simpson JL, Jackson LG et al (2002) Fetal gender and aneuploidy detection using fetal cells in maternal blood: analysis of NIFTY I data. National Institute of Child Health and Development Fetal Cell Isolation Study. Prenat Diagn 22:609–615 PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo YM, Corbetta N, Chamberlain PF et al (1997) Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. Lancet 350:485–487 PubMedCrossRef Lo YM, Corbetta N, Chamberlain PF et al (1997) Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. Lancet 350:485–487 PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo YM, Chan KC, Sun H et al (2010) Maternal plasma DNA sequencing reveals the genome-wide genetic and mutational profile of the fetus. Sci Transl Med 2:61ra91 Lo YM, Chan KC, Sun H et al (2010) Maternal plasma DNA sequencing reveals the genome-wide genetic and mutational profile of the fetus. Sci Transl Med 2:61ra91
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo YM, Tein MS, Lau TK et al (1998) Quantitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum: implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Am J Hum Genet 62:768–775 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lo YM, Tein MS, Lau TK et al (1998) Quantitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum: implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Am J Hum Genet 62:768–775 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Wegner RD, Stumm M (2011) Zytogenetische Methoden in der Pränataldiagnostik. Medgen 23:457–462 CrossRef Wegner RD, Stumm M (2011) Zytogenetische Methoden in der Pränataldiagnostik. Medgen 23:457–462 CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Mennuti TM, Cherry AM, Morrissette JJ, Lorraine D (2013) Is it time to sound an alarm about false-positive cell-free DNA testing for fetal aneuploidy? Am J Obstet Gynecol 209(5):415–419 PubMedCrossRef Mennuti TM, Cherry AM, Morrissette JJ, Lorraine D (2013) Is it time to sound an alarm about false-positive cell-free DNA testing for fetal aneuploidy? Am J Obstet Gynecol 209(5):415–419 PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan HC, GuW, Wang J et al (2012) Non-invasive prenatal measurement of the fetal genome. Nature 487:320–324 Fan HC, GuW, Wang J et al (2012) Non-invasive prenatal measurement of the fetal genome. Nature 487:320–324
21.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Poon LC et al (2013) Fetal fraction in maternal plasma cell-free DNA at 11–13 weeks’ gestation: relation to maternal and fetal characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41:26–32 PubMedCrossRef Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Poon LC et al (2013) Fetal fraction in maternal plasma cell-free DNA at 11–13 weeks’ gestation: relation to maternal and fetal characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41:26–32 PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Palomaki GE, Deciu C, Kloza EM et al (2012) DNA sequencing of maternal plasma reliably identifies trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 as well as Down syndrome: an international collaborative study. Genet Med 14:296–305 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Palomaki GE, Deciu C, Kloza EM et al (2012) DNA sequencing of maternal plasma reliably identifies trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 as well as Down syndrome: an international collaborative study. Genet Med 14:296–305 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang E, Batey A, Struble C et al (2013) Gestational age and maternal weight effects on fetal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. Prenat Diagn 33:662–666 PubMedCrossRef Wang E, Batey A, Struble C et al (2013) Gestational age and maternal weight effects on fetal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. Prenat Diagn 33:662–666 PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Stumm M, Entezami M, Trunk N et al (2012) Noninvasive prenatal detection of chromosomal aneuploidies using different next generation sequencing strategies and algorithms. Prenat Diagn 32:569–577 PubMedCrossRef Stumm M, Entezami M, Trunk N et al (2012) Noninvasive prenatal detection of chromosomal aneuploidies using different next generation sequencing strategies and algorithms. Prenat Diagn 32:569–577 PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Sparks AB, Wang ET, Struble CA et al (2012) Selective analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood for evaluation of fetal trisomy. Prenat Diagn 32:3–9 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sparks AB, Wang ET, Struble CA et al (2012) Selective analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood for evaluation of fetal trisomy. Prenat Diagn 32:3–9 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Palomaki GE, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM et al (2011) DNA sequencing of maternal plasma to detect Down syndrome: an international clinical validation study. Genet Med 13:913–920 PubMedCrossRef Palomaki GE, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM et al (2011) DNA sequencing of maternal plasma to detect Down syndrome: an international clinical validation study. Genet Med 13:913–920 PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Bianchi DW, Platt LD, Goldberg JD et al (2012) Genome-wide fetal aneuploidy detection by maternal plasma DNA sequencing. Obstet Gynecol 119:890–901 PubMedCrossRef Bianchi DW, Platt LD, Goldberg JD et al (2012) Genome-wide fetal aneuploidy detection by maternal plasma DNA sequencing. Obstet Gynecol 119:890–901 PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiu RW, Chan KC, Gao Y et al (2008) Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy by massively parallel genomic sequencing of DNA in maternal plasma. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 105:20458–20463 Chiu RW, Chan KC, Gao Y et al (2008) Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy by massively parallel genomic sequencing of DNA in maternal plasma. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 105:20458–20463
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Canick JA, Palomaki GE, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Haddow JE (2013) The impact of maternal plasma DNA fetal fraction on next generation sequencing tests for common fetal aneuploidies. Prenat Diagn 33:667–674 Canick JA, Palomaki GE, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Haddow JE (2013) The impact of maternal plasma DNA fetal fraction on next generation sequencing tests for common fetal aneuploidies. Prenat Diagn 33:667–674
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmermann B, Hill M, Gemelos G et al (2012) Noninvasive prenatal aneuploidy testing of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, using targeted sequencing of polymorphic loci. Prenat Diagn 32:1233–1241 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zimmermann B, Hill M, Gemelos G et al (2012) Noninvasive prenatal aneuploidy testing of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, using targeted sequencing of polymorphic loci. Prenat Diagn 32:1233–1241 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhallan R, Guo X, Emche S et al (2007) A non-invasive test for prenatal diagnosis based on fetal DNA present in maternal blood: a preliminary study. Lancet 369:474–481 PubMedCrossRef Dhallan R, Guo X, Emche S et al (2007) A non-invasive test for prenatal diagnosis based on fetal DNA present in maternal blood: a preliminary study. Lancet 369:474–481 PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Gendiagnostik-Kommission am Robert Koch-Institut (2014) „Zur Einordnung der nicht-invasiven Pränataldiagnostik (NIPD)“ vom 12.3.2014 Gendiagnostik-Kommission am Robert Koch-Institut (2014) „Zur Einordnung der nicht-invasiven Pränataldiagnostik (NIPD)“ vom 12.3.2014
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Grati FR, Barlocco A, Grimi B et al (2010) Chromosome abnormalities investigated by non-invasive prenatal testing account for approximately 50 % of fetal unbalances associated with relevant clinical phenotypes. Am J Med Genet 152A:1434–1442 PubMed Grati FR, Barlocco A, Grimi B et al (2010) Chromosome abnormalities investigated by non-invasive prenatal testing account for approximately 50 % of fetal unbalances associated with relevant clinical phenotypes. Am J Med Genet 152A:1434–1442 PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicolaides KH, Syngelaki A, Ashoor G, Birdir C, Touzet G (2012) Noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomies in a routinely screened first-trimester population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 207(5):374.e1–e6 PubMedCrossRef Nicolaides KH, Syngelaki A, Ashoor G, Birdir C, Touzet G (2012) Noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomies in a routinely screened first-trimester population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 207(5):374.e1–e6 PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Bianchi DW, Parker RL, Wentworth J, Madankumar R, Saffer C, Das AF et al (2014) DNA sequencing versus standard prenatal aneuploidy screening. N Engl J Med 370(9):799–808 PubMedCrossRef Bianchi DW, Parker RL, Wentworth J, Madankumar R, Saffer C, Das AF et al (2014) DNA sequencing versus standard prenatal aneuploidy screening. N Engl J Med 370(9):799–808 PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Staboulidou I, Syngelaki A et al (2010) The 11–13-week scan: diagnosis and outcome of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:10–14 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Staboulidou I, Syngelaki A et al (2010) The 11–13-week scan: diagnosis and outcome of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:10–14 PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Norton ME, Brar H, Weiss J et al (2012) Non-Invasive Chromosomal Evaluation (NICE) Study: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study for detection of fetal trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 207:137.e1–8 PubMed Norton ME, Brar H, Weiss J et al (2012) Non-Invasive Chromosomal Evaluation (NICE) Study: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study for detection of fetal trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 207:137.e1–8 PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Wagner M et al (2012) Chromosome-selective sequencing of maternal plasma cell-free DNA for first-trimester detection of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:322.e1–5 PubMed Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Wagner M et al (2012) Chromosome-selective sequencing of maternal plasma cell-free DNA for first-trimester detection of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:322.e1–5 PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Wang E et al (2013) Trisomy 13 detection in the first trimester of pregnancy using a chromosome-selective cell-free DNA analysis method. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41:21–25 PubMedCrossRef Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Wang E et al (2013) Trisomy 13 detection in the first trimester of pregnancy using a chromosome-selective cell-free DNA analysis method. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41:21–25 PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang X, Zheng J, Chen M et al (2014) Noninvasive prenatal testing of trisomies 21 and 18 by massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA in twin pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 34:335 Huang X, Zheng J, Chen M et al (2014) Noninvasive prenatal testing of trisomies 21 and 18 by massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA in twin pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 34:335
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Fairbrother G, Johnson S, Musci TJ et al (2013) Clinical experience of noninvasive prenatal testing with cell-free DNA for fetal trisomies 21, 18, and 13, in a general screening population. Prenat Diagn 33:580–583 PubMedCrossRef Fairbrother G, Johnson S, Musci TJ et al (2013) Clinical experience of noninvasive prenatal testing with cell-free DNA for fetal trisomies 21, 18, and 13, in a general screening population. Prenat Diagn 33:580–583 PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulvey S, Wallace EM (2000) Women’s knowledge of and attitudes to first and second trimester screening for Down’s syndrome. BJOG 107:1302–1305 PubMedCrossRef Mulvey S, Wallace EM (2000) Women’s knowledge of and attitudes to first and second trimester screening for Down’s syndrome. BJOG 107:1302–1305 PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Eiben B, Hall M, Ludwig M et al (2013) Ein neuer nichtinvasiver Pränataltest. Frauenarzt 54:768–770 Eiben B, Hall M, Ludwig M et al (2013) Ein neuer nichtinvasiver Pränataltest. Frauenarzt 54:768–770
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Eiben B, Thode C, Merz E (2013) Nichtinvasive Pränataldiagnostik – Serumtestsysteme zur Erfassung von Chromosomenanomalien. Gynakol Geburtsh 18:34–37 Eiben B, Thode C, Merz E (2013) Nichtinvasive Pränataldiagnostik – Serumtestsysteme zur Erfassung von Chromosomenanomalien. Gynakol Geburtsh 18:34–37
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Eiben B, Glaubitz R, Merz E (2012) Trisomie-21-Analyse aus mütterlichem Blut. Frauenarzt 53:834–835 Eiben B, Glaubitz R, Merz E (2012) Trisomie-21-Analyse aus mütterlichem Blut. Frauenarzt 53:834–835
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Tercanli S, Vial Y, Merz E (2013) Nicht invasiver Chromosomentest wirft neue Fragen in der Pränataldiagnostik nach der Bedeutung des Ultraschalls und Fragen nach neuen Screeningstrategien auf. Ultraschall Med 34:417–420 PubMedCrossRef Tercanli S, Vial Y, Merz E (2013) Nicht invasiver Chromosomentest wirft neue Fragen in der Pränataldiagnostik nach der Bedeutung des Ultraschalls und Fragen nach neuen Screeningstrategien auf. Ultraschall Med 34:417–420 PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, Hammer R, Stressig R, Kozlowski P (2014) Screening for chromosomal abnormalities by first trimester combined screening and non-invasive prenatal testing. Ultraschall Med (In press) Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, Hammer R, Stressig R, Kozlowski P (2014) Screening for chromosomal abnormalities by first trimester combined screening and non-invasive prenatal testing. Ultraschall Med (In press)
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Wright D, Baker A, Sahota D, Nicolaides KH (2008) Screening for trisomy 21 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency thickness, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31(6):618–624 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Wright D, Baker A, Sahota D, Nicolaides KH (2008) Screening for trisomy 21 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency thickness, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31(6):618–624 PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Maiz N, Valencia C, Kagan KO et al (2009) Ductus venosus Doppler in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11–13 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:512–517 PubMedCrossRef Maiz N, Valencia C, Kagan KO et al (2009) Ductus venosus Doppler in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11–13 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:512–517 PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Eiben B, Kozlowski P (2014) Combined first trimester screening and cell-free fetal DNA – “next generation screening”. Ultraschall Med 35(3):229–236 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Eiben B, Kozlowski P (2014) Combined first trimester screening and cell-free fetal DNA – “next generation screening”. Ultraschall Med 35(3):229–236 PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan K, Hoopmann M, Kozlowski P (2012) Assessment of foetal DNA in maternal blood – a useful tool in the hands of prenatal specialists. Geburtsh Frauenheilkd 72(11):998–1003 CrossRef Kagan K, Hoopmann M, Kozlowski P (2012) Assessment of foetal DNA in maternal blood – a useful tool in the hands of prenatal specialists. Geburtsh Frauenheilkd 72(11):998–1003 CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Bilardo CM et al (2013) ISUOG practice guidelines: performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41:102–113 PubMedCrossRef Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Bilardo CM et al (2013) ISUOG practice guidelines: performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41:102–113 PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitzman JO, Snyder MW, Ventura M et al (2012) Noninvasive whole-genome sequencing of a human fetus. Sci Transl Med 4:137ra76 Kitzman JO, Snyder MW, Ventura M et al (2012) Noninvasive whole-genome sequencing of a human fetus. Sci Transl Med 4:137ra76
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, Sarquis R, Zvanca M, Nicolaides KH (2011) Prediction of early, intermediate and late pre-eclampsia from maternal factors, biophysical and biochemical markers at 11–13 weeks. Prenat Diagn 31:66–74 PubMedCrossRef Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, Sarquis R, Zvanca M, Nicolaides KH (2011) Prediction of early, intermediate and late pre-eclampsia from maternal factors, biophysical and biochemical markers at 11–13 weeks. Prenat Diagn 31:66–74 PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Nanda S, Akolekar R, Sarquis R et al (2011) Maternal serum adiponectin at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of macrosomia. Prenat Diagn 31:479–483 PubMedCrossRef Nanda S, Akolekar R, Sarquis R et al (2011) Maternal serum adiponectin at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of macrosomia. Prenat Diagn 31:479–483 PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, Abele H et al (2012) First-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 with different combinations of placental growth factor, free β-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 40:530–535 PubMedCrossRef Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, Abele H et al (2012) First-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 with different combinations of placental growth factor, free β-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 40:530–535 PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Poon LC, Musci T, Song K et al (2013) Maternal plasma cell-free fetal and maternal DNA at 11–13 weeks’ gestation: relation to fetal and maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Fetal Diagn Ther 33:215–223 PubMedCrossRef Poon LC, Musci T, Song K et al (2013) Maternal plasma cell-free fetal and maternal DNA at 11–13 weeks’ gestation: relation to fetal and maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Fetal Diagn Ther 33:215–223 PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Papantoniou N, Bagiokos V, Agiannitopoulos K et al (2013) RASSF1A in maternal plasma as a molecular marker of preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn 33:682–687 PubMedCrossRef Papantoniou N, Bagiokos V, Agiannitopoulos K et al (2013) RASSF1A in maternal plasma as a molecular marker of preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn 33:682–687 PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Nichtinvasive Pränataldiagnostik
ETS und NGS-basierte Tests
verfasst von
Bernd Eiben
Ralf Glaubitz
Karl Oliver Kagan
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
medizinische genetik / Ausgabe 4/2014
Print ISSN: 0936-5931
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-5490
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-014-0021-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2014

medizinische genetik 4/2014 Zur Ausgabe

CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Klinik und Genetik der Ichthyosen

Mitteilungen der GfH

Mitteilungen der GfH

Einführung zum Thema: Pränatale Diagnostik

Pränataldiagnostik

Schwerpunktthema: Pränatale Diagnostik

Genetische Beratung bei Pränataldiagnostik