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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 11/2007

01.11.2007 | Leitthema

Nierenersatzverfahren auf der Intensivstation

Aktuelle Aspekte

verfasst von: Dr. T.M. Bingold, B. Scheller, B. Zwissler, H. Wissing

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 11/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) ist eine häufige Komplikation in der Intensivmedizin. Die Inzidenz des ANV ist steigend, die Letalität unverändert hoch. In Europa haben sich zur Therapie des ANV die kontinuierlichen Hämofiltrationsverfahren („continuous renal replacement therapy“, CRRT) mit einem Behandlungsanteil von 80% durchgesetzt. Der Vorteil der CRRT liegt insbesondere bei Patienten im Multiorganversagen in einer größeren Kreislaufstabilität und besseren Volumensteuerung als bei der klassischen Hämodialyse („intermittend hemodialysis“, IHD). Ob die CRRT der IHD bezüglich der Letalität auf der „intensive care unit“ (ICU) oder im Krankenhaus überlegen ist, ist bislang unklar. Untersuchungen aus dem Jahr 2000 zeigten, dass die Letalität bei nichtseptisch bedingtem ANV bei einer initialen Filtrationsdosierung von 35 ml/h×kgKG am niedrigsten ist. Ein aktueller Ansatz ist die langsame kontinuierliche Dialyse („slow extended daily dialysis“, SLEDD), die die Vorteile der CRRT mit denen der IHD verbindet. Auch hier ist eine Verbesserung des Outcomes bislang nicht belegt. Eine abschließende, evidenzbasierte Empfehlung zur Dosierung der CRRT oder eine definitive Antwort auf die Frage, ob eine tägliche IHD sinnvoller ist als eine CRRT, wird wahrscheinlich erst nach Abschluss zweier laufender, multizentrischer Studien möglich sein [VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network (ATN) Study sowie Augmented Versus Normal Renal Replacement Therapy in Severe Acute Renal Failure Study (ANZICS 2005) Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Group].
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Metadaten
Titel
Nierenersatzverfahren auf der Intensivstation
Aktuelle Aspekte
verfasst von
Dr. T.M. Bingold
B. Scheller
B. Zwissler
H. Wissing
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 11/2007
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-007-1279-5

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