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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 5/2016

27.04.2016 | Ablationstherapie | Leitthema

Fokale Therapie von kleinen Nierentumoren

Beobachtung, Ablation oder Operation

verfasst von: Dr. med. J. J. Wendler, B. Friebe, D. Baumunk, A. Blana, T. Franiel, R. Ganzer, B. Hadaschik, T. Henkel, K. U. Köhrmann, J. Köllermann, T. Kuru, S. Machtens, A. Roosen, G. Salomon, H. P. Schlemmer, L. Sentker, U. Witzsch, U. B. Liehr, J. Ricke, M. Schostak

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 5/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die gleichzeitig steigende Inzidenz des Nierenzellkarzinoms mit zunehmend häufigerer Diagnose im Frühstadium T1a und die zunehmende Prävalenz der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz mit konsekutiv erhöhter Morbidität sowie kürzerer Lebenserwartung bedingen die Notwendigkeit einer multimodalen fokalen Therapie mit Nierenerhalt.

Diskussion

In der letzten Dekade verschob sich der Goldstandard von der radikalen Nephrektomie hin zur Nierenteilresektion. Je nach Erfahrung des Operateurs, Patientenkonstitution und Lage des Tumors kann der Eingriff laparoskopisch mit entsprechenden Vorteilen der geringeren Invasivität erfolgen. Für ausgewählte Patienten mit hoher Morbidität, hohem Narkose- oder Operationsrisiko kann eine Behandlungsalternative von Vorteil sein. Eine entsprechende Risikostratifizierung macht die vorherige biotisch-histologische Sicherung des kleinen Nierentumors („small renal mass“, cT1a) notwendig. Die aktive Überwachung (Active Surveillance) stellt einen kontrolliert verzögerten Behandlungsbeginn dar.

Ergebnisse

Die perkutane Radiofrequenzablation und die laparoskopische Kryoablation stellen die derzeit gängigsten Therapiealternativen dar, wobei sich v. a. Limitationen für zentral gelegene hilusnahe Nierentumoren ergeben. Jüngere Ablationsverfahren, wie der hochintensive fokussierte Ultraschall, die irreversible Elektroporation, Mikrowellenablation, perkutane stereotaktische ablative Radiotherapie und die Hochdosisbrachytherapie, weisen teilweise ein hohes Potenzial auf, gelten derzeit jedoch für die Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms als experimentell.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fokale Therapie von kleinen Nierentumoren
Beobachtung, Ablation oder Operation
verfasst von
Dr. med. J. J. Wendler
B. Friebe
D. Baumunk
A. Blana
T. Franiel
R. Ganzer
B. Hadaschik
T. Henkel
K. U. Köhrmann
J. Köllermann
T. Kuru
S. Machtens
A. Roosen
G. Salomon
H. P. Schlemmer
L. Sentker
U. Witzsch
U. B. Liehr
J. Ricke
M. Schostak
Publikationsdatum
27.04.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 5/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-016-0075-8

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