Plain Language Summary
Introduction
Agency | Definition |
---|---|
EMA [7] | A biologic medicinal product that contains a version of the active substance of an already authorized original biologic medicinal product |
FDA [8] | A biologic product that is highly similar to the originator product, notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components, and with no clinically meaningful differences between the biologic product and the reference product in terms of safety, purity, and potency |
WHO [9] | A biotherapeutic product that is similar in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy to an already licensed reference biotherapeutic product |
Element | Reason |
---|---|
Randomized, double-blind trial | Ensures comparison between homogenous populations and reduces/controls bias |
Adequately controlled | Allows the measurement of the impact of a single intervention that differs between study arms |
Adequately powered | Allows for statistically supported inference of outcomes to the universe represented in the study population |
Multiple switches | May elicit a prime boost response when the subject is exposed to different sets of epitopes (antigenic determinants) |
Immunogenicity-related outcomes | Potential pathophysiologic and clinical response to “prime boost” effect from alternation |
Adequate follow-up | Allows for the detection of late-onset, low-frequency immunogenicity |
Individual patient-level outcomes | Allows for the study to apply to “any given patient” |
Methods
Results
Randomized Controlled Trials
Study | Biosimilar (study name) | Population | Switch group | Control group | Follow-up duration post switch | Discontinuation rate (switch vs. control group) | Dose escalation allowed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adalimumab biosimilars | |||||||
Blauvelt et al. 2017 [22] | GP2017 (ADACCESS) | Ps | Originator to GP2017 (n = 63) | Originator continuers (n = 127)a | 34 weeks | 16 (25%) vs. 23 (18%)a | NR |
Cohen et al. 2017 [23] | BI 695501 (VOLTAIRE-RA) | RA | Originator to BI 695501 (n = 147) | Originator continuers (n = 148)b | 24–34 weeks | 9 (6%) vs. 8 (5%)b | NR |
Cohen et al. 2016 [24] | ABP 501 | RA | Originator to ABP 501 (n = 237) | ABP 501 continuers (n = 229) | 46 weeks | 30 (13%) vs. 25 (11%)c | NR |
Genovese et al. 2017 [25] | FKB327 (ARABESC-OLE) | RA | Originator to FKB327 (n = 108) | Originator continuers (n = 213)d | 76 weeks | NR | NR |
Hodge et al. 2017 [26] | CHS-1420 | Ps and PsA | Originator to CHS-1420 (n = 124) | Originator continuers (n = 129)e | 8 weeks | NR | NR |
Papp et al. 2017 [27] | ABP 501 | Ps | Originator to ABP 501 (n = 77) | Originator continuers (n = 79)f | 36 weeks | 9 (12%) vs. 8 (10%) | NR |
SB5 | RA | Originator to SB5 (n = 125) | Originator continuers (n = 129)g | 28 weeks | 8 (6%) vs. 5 (4%)g | NR | |
Etanercept biosimilars | |||||||
Emery et al. 2017 [30] | SB4 | RA | Originator to SB4 (n = 119) | SB4 continuers (n = 126) | 48 weeks | 6 (5%) vs. 7 (6%) | NR |
GP2015 (EGALITY) | Ps | Originator to GP2015 (n = 96) | Originator continuers (n = 151)h | 40 weeks | 6 (6%) vs. 14 (9%) | NR | |
Infliximab biosimilars | |||||||
CT-P13 (NOR-SWITCH) | IMID | Originator to CT-P13 (n = 240)i | Originator continuers (n = 241) | 78 weeks | 18 (8%) vs. 25 (10%)i | NR | |
Kim et al. 2017 [34] | CT-P13 | CD | Originator to CT-P13 (n = 55) | Originator continuers (n = 54)j | 24 weeks | NR | NR |
Park et al. 2017 [35] | CT-P13 (PLANETAS) | AS | Originator to CT-P13 (n = 86) | CT-P13 continuers (n = 88) | 48 weeks | 9 (10%) vs. 7 (8%) | No |
Smolen et al. 2018 [36] | SB2 | RA | Originator to SB2 (n = 94) | Originator continuers (n = 101)k | 16 weeks | 6 (6%) vs. 5 (5%) | Yes |
Tanaka et al. 2017 [37] | CT-P13 | RA | Originator to CT-P13 (n = 33) | CT-P13 continuers (n = 38) | 105 weeks | 11 (33%) vs. 6 (16%) | Yes |
Taylor et al. 2016 [38] | BOW015 | RA | Originator to BOW015 (n = 53) | BOW015 continuers (n = 104) | 38 weeks | NR | No |
Volkers et al. 2017 [39] | CT-P13 (SIMILAR) | IBD | Originator to CT-P13 (n = 15) | Originator continuers (n = 6) | 30 weeks | NR | NR |
Yoo et al. 2017 [40] | CT-P13 (PLANETRA) | RA | Originator to CT-P13 (n = 144) | CT-P13 continuers (n = 158) | 48 weeks | 16 (11%) vs. 25 (16%) | No |
Study | Randomized at time of switch | Control group (originator continuers) | Powered to detect differences in efficacy after switch | Multiple switch | Immunogenicity data reported | Follow-up ≥ 12 months after switch | Individual patient-level outcomesa reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adalimumab biosimilars | |||||||
Blauvelt et al. 2017 [22] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Cohen et al. 2017 [23] | Yes | Yes | Nob | No | Yes | No | No |
Noc | No | Nob | No | Yes | No | No | |
Genovese et al. 2017 [25] | Yes | Yes | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Yesd | Yes | Nob | No | Yes | No | Noe | |
Yes | Yes | Nob | No | Yes | No | Noe | |
Yes | Yes | Nob | No | Yes | No | No | |
Etanercept biosimilars | |||||||
Noc | No | Nob | No | Yes | No | Noe | |
Yes | Yes | Nob | Yes | Yes | No | Noe | |
Infliximab biosimilars | |||||||
Jørgensen et al. 2017 [16] | Yes | Yes | Yesf | No | Yes | Yes | Noe |
Kim et al. 2017 [34] | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Noc | No | Nob | No | Yes | No | Noe | |
Smolen et al. 2018 [36] | Yes | Yes | Nob | No | Yes | No | No |
Noc | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Noe | |
Taylor et al. 2016 [38] | Noc | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Volkers et al. 2017 [39] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Noe |
Noc | No | Nob | No | Yes | No | Noe |
Real-World Evidence Studies
Study | Biosimilar (study name) | Population | Patient number (switch vs. control group) | Control groupa | Follow-up duration post switch | Discontinuation rate (switch vs. control group) | Dose escalation allowed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etanercept biosimilars | |||||||
Alten et al. 2017a [41] | NS | Any | 1899 vs. 2576 | Naive | NR | 10% vs. 9%b | NR |
Alten et al. 2017b [42] | NS | Rheum | 2938 vs. 1845 | Naive | NR | 11%b vs. NR | NR |
De Cock et al. 2017 [17] | SB4 | RA | 511c | No | 6 monthsc | 4/29 (14%)c | NR |
Dyball et al. 2017 [43] | SB4 | RA | 38 | No | NR | 6/36 (17%) | No |
Egeberg et al. 2018 [44] | SB4 (DERMBIO) | Ps | 517 (switch + nonswitch) | Historical cohort | 6 months | HR, 0.46 (95% CI 0.11–1.98; P = 0.297)d | Yes |
Glintborg et al. 2017a [45] | SB4 (DANBIO) | Rheum | 1623 vs. 407 | Originator continuers | 1 year | 276 (17%) vs. NR | Yes |
Hendricks et al. 2017 [46] | SB4 | Rheum | 85 | No | 8 months | 7 (8%) | NR |
Rabbitts et al. 2017 [47] | SB4 | Rheum | 70 vs. 13 | Naive | 4 months | 5/44 (11%) vs. NR | No |
Sigurdardottir et al. 2017 [48]e | SB4 | Rheum | 147 | No | 9 months | 21 (14%) | NR |
Szlumper et al. 2017a [49] | NS | Ps | 17 | No | 3 months | NR | NR |
Szlumper et al. 2017b [50] | NS | Rheum | 103 | No | 7 months | NR | NR |
Tweehuysen et al. 2017a [51] | SB4 (BIO-SPAN) | Rheum | 625 vs. 600 | Historical cohort | 6 months | 60 (10%) vs. 46 (8%); HR, 1.57 (95% CI 1.05–2.36) | NR |
Infliximab biosimilars | |||||||
Abdalla et al. 2017 [52] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 34 | No | Mean: 15.8 months | 5 (15%) | NR |
Akrout et al. 2017 [53] | NS | Rheum | 90 | No | NR | 14 (16%) | Yes |
Ala et al. 2016 [54] | CT-P13 | CD | 20 | No | 6 months | 4 (20%) | NR |
CT-P13 | IBD | 98 vs. 22 | Naivef | 12 months | 12 (12%) vs. NRf | NR | |
Avouac et al. 2017 [57] | CT-P13 | IMID | 260 | No | Mean: 34 weeks | 59 (23%) | NR |
Babai et al. 2017 [58] | NS | SpA | 53 | No | 6 months | 12 (23%) | NR |
Batticciotto et al. 2016 [59] | CT-P13 | SpA | 36 | No | 6 months | 2 (6%) | NR |
Bennett et al. 2016 [60] | CT-P13 | IBD | 104 | No | 6 months | 19 (18%) | NR |
Bennucci et al. 2017 [61] | CT-P13 | SpA | 41 | No | 6 months | 1 (2%)g | NR |
Boone et al. 2017 [62] | NS | IBD | 65 | No | 52 weeks | 8 (12%) | NR |
Boone et al. 2018 [63] | NS | IMID | 125 | No | 9 months | 23 (18%) | NR |
Buer et al. 2017 [64] | CT-P13 | IBD | 143 | No | 6 months | 5 (3%) | Yes |
Choe et al. 2017a [65] | CT-P13 | IBD | 32 vs. 42 | Naive | 30 weeks | NR | NR |
Choe et al. 2017b [66] | CT-P13 | CD | 204 (switch + naive) | Naive | 30 weeks | NR | NR |
Chung et al. 2016 [67] | CT-P13 | IBD | 64 | No | NR | 7 (11%) | NR |
Dapavo et al. 2016 [68] | CT-P13 | Ps | 30 vs. 5 | Naive | Median: 23 weeks | NR | NR |
De Cock et al. 2017 [17] | CT-P13 | RA | 180c | No | 6 monthsc | 11/70 (16%)c | NR |
Díaz Hernández et al. 2016 [69] | NS | IBD | 72 | No | 6 months | 3 (4%) | NR |
Eberl et al. 2017 [70] | CT-P13 | IBD | 78 | No | 16 weeks | NR | Yes |
Egeberg et al. 2018 [44] | CT-P13 (DERMBIO) | Ps | 296 (switch + nonswitch) | Historical cohort | 2 years | HR, 1.64 (95% CI, 0.69–3.89; P = 0.264)d | Yes |
Ellis et al. 2017 [71] | CT-P13 | RA | 92 vs. 605 | Originator continuers | Mean: 15 months | 80 (87%) vs. NRh | NR |
Farkas et al. 2015 [72]e | CT-P13 | IBD | 3 vs. 36 | Naive | 8 weeks | 1 (33%) vs. 1 (3%) | No |
CT-P13 (PROSIT-BIO) | IBD | 97 vs. 450 | Naive | Mean: 6 months | 5 (5%) vs. 40 (9%)i | No | |
Forejtová et al. 2017 [75] | CT-P13 | AS | 38 | No | 6 months | 1 (3%) | NR |
Geccherle et al. 2017 [76] | CT-P13 | IBD | 5 vs. 37 | Naivej | 6 months | NR | NR |
Gentileschi et al. 2016 [77] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 23 | No | Mean: 1.7 months | 7 (30%) | NR |
Giunta et al. 2017 [78]e | CT-P13 | Ps | 46 vs. 17 | Naive | 48 weeks | NR | No |
Glintborg et al. 2017b [14] | CT-P13 (DANBIO) | Rheum | 802 vs. 1121 | Historical cohort | 1 year | 132 (16%) vs. NR (14%) HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.02–1.68; P = 0.03) | Yes |
Gompertz et al. 2017 [79]e | CT-P13 | IBD | 30 | No | 24 weeks | NR | Yes |
Guerrero Puente et al. 2017 [80] | CT-P13 | IBD | 36 | No | 12 months | 4 (11%) | Yes |
Hamanaka et al. 2016 [81] | CT-P13 | IBD | 3 vs. 17 | Naive | 24 weeks | 0 vs. 0 | NR |
Hlavaty et al. 2016 [82] | CT-P13 | IBD | 12 vs. 13 | Naive | 56 weeks | 2 (17%) vs. 3 (23%) | Yes |
Holroyd et al. 2016 [83]e | CT-P13 | Rheum | 56 | No | 5 months | 4 (7%) | NR |
Huoponen et al. 2017 [84] | CT-P13 | IBD | 56 | No | 1 year | NR | NR |
Jahnsen et al. 2017 [85] | CT-P13 | IBD | 56 | No | 6 months | NR | NR |
Jung et al. 2015 [86] | CT-P13 | IBD | 36 vs. 74 | Naive | 54 weeks | 5 (14%) vs. NR | Yes |
Kang et al. 2015 [87] | CT-P13 | IBD | 9 vs. 8 | Naive | 9–66 weeks | 1 (11%) vs. 0 | No |
Kang et al. 2018 [88] | CT-P13 | IBD | 38 vs. 36 | Originator continuers | 1 year | 3 (8%) vs. 5 (14%) | Yes |
Kolar et al. 2017 [89] | CT-P13 | IBD | 74 vs. 119 | Naive | 56 weeks | 4 (5%) vs. 13 (11%) | Yes |
Malaiya et al. 2016 [90]e | CT-P13 | Rheum | 30 | No | 3 months | 2 (7%) | NR |
Malpas et al. 2017 [91] | NS | RA and axSpA | 62 | No | 3 mo | 3 (5%)b | NR |
Nikiphorou et al. 2015 [92] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 39 | No | Median: 11 months | 11 (28%) | NR |
Nugent et al. 2017 [93]e | CT-P13 (EIR SWITCH) | IBD | 35 | No | 1 year | 6 (17%) | NR |
Park et al. 2015 [94] | CT-P13 | IBD | 60 vs. 113 | Naive | 30 weeks | NR | Yes |
Phillips et al. 2017 [95]e | CT-P13 | Any | 136 vs. 1388 | Originator continuers | NR | 13/1000PY vs. 2/1000PY HR 5.53 (95% CI 4.01–7.63) | NR |
Plevris et al. 2017 [96] | CT-P13 | IBD | 109 | No | NR | NR | Yes |
Presberg et al. 2017 [97] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 89 | No | NR | 6 (7%) | NR |
Rahmany et al. 2016 [98] | CT-P13 | IBD | 78 | No | NR | 5 (6%) | Yes |
Ratnakumaran et al. 2017 [99] | CT-P13 | IBD | 191 vs. 19 | Originator continuers | 12 months | NR | NR |
Razanskaite et al. 2017 [100] | CT-P13 | IBD | 143 vs. 120 | Historical cohort | 12 months | 41 (29%) vs. 31 (26%); P = 0.94 | NR |
Rubio et al. 2016 [101] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 53 vs. 25 | Naive | Mean: 8.3 months | 5 (9%) vs. 6 (24%) | NR |
Schmitz et al. 2017 [102] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 27 | No | 12 months | 7 (26%) | NR |
Schmitz et al. 2018 [103] | CT-P13 | IBD | 133 | No | 1 year | 35 (26%) | Yes |
Sheppard et al. 2016 [104] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 25 | No | NR | 5 (20%) | NR |
Sieczkowska et al. 2016 [105] | CT-P13 | IBD | 39 | No | Mean: 8 months | 15 (38%) | Yes |
CT-P13 | CD | 16 | No | 2 years | 8 (50%) | NR | |
Sladek et al. 2017 [108] | CT-P13 | IBD | 45 | No | 24–36 weeks | 3 (7%) | NR |
CT-P13 | IBD | 83 | No | 52 weeks | 15 (18%) | Yes | |
Strik et al. 2017 [111] | CT-P13 (SECURE) | CD | 44 | No | 16 weeks | NR | NR |
Toscano Guzman et al. 2016 [112] | CT-P13 | UC | 25 | No | 3 months | NR | NR |
Tweehuysen et al. 2017b [15] | CT-P13 (BIO-SWITCH) | Rheum | 192 vs. 19 | Originator continuers | 6 months | 47 (24%) vs. 1 (5%) | NR |
Van den Hoogen et al. 2016 [113] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 136 | No | 5 months | 23 (17%) | NR |
Vergara-Dangond et al. 2017 [114] | CT-P13 | Rheum | 7 vs. 6 | Originator continuers | 4 cycles | 1 (14%) vs. 0 g | Yes |
Yazici et al. 2016 [115] | CT-P13 | RA | 148 vs. 2870 | Originator continuers | Mean: 9 months | 121 (82%) vs. 1089 (38%) | NR |
Study | Randomized at time of switch | Comparison groupa | Powered to detect differences in efficacy after switch | Multiple switch | Immunogenicity data reported | Follow-up ≥ 12 months | Individual patient-level outcomesb reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etanercept biosimilars | |||||||
Alten et al. 2017a [41] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | No |
Alten et al. 2017b [42] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | No |
De Cock et al. 2017 [17] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Dyball et al. 2017 [43] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | Noc |
Egeberg et al. 2018 [44] | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Glintborg et al. 2017a [45] | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Hendricks et al. 2017 [46] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Rabbitts et al. 2017 [47] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Sigurdardottir et al. 2017 [48] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Szlumper et al. 2017a [49] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Szlumper et al. 2017b [50] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Tweehuysen et al. 2017a [51] | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Infliximab biosimilars | |||||||
Abdalla et al. 2017 [52] | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Noc |
Akrout et al. 2017 [53] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | No |
Ala et al. 2016 [54] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Noc | |
Avouac et al. 2017 [57] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Babai et al. 2017 [58] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Batticciotto et al. 2016 [59] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Bennett et al. 2016 [60] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Bennucci et al. 2017 [61] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
Boone et al. 2017 [62] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Boone et al. 2018 [63] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Buer et al. 2017 [64] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
Choe et al. 2017a [65] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Choe et al. 2017b [66] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Chung et al. 2016 [67] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | No |
Dapavo et al. 2016 [68] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
De Cock et al. 2017 [17] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Díaz Hernández et al. 2016 [69] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Eberl et al. 2017 [70] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
Egeberg et al. 2018 [44] | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Ellis et al. 2017 [71] | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Farkas et al. 2015 [72] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc | |
Forejtová et al. 2017 [75] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Geccherle et al. 2017 [76] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Gentileschi et al. 2016 [77] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Giunta et al. 2017 [78] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Glintborg et al. 2017b [14] | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Noc |
Gompertz et al. 2017 [79] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Guerrero Puente et al. 2017 [80] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Noc |
Hamanaka et al. 2016 [81] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Hlavaty et al. 2016 [82] | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Noc |
Holroyd et al. 2016 [83] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Huoponen et al. 2017 [84] | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Noc |
Jahnsen et al. 2017 [85] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Jung et al. 2015 [86] | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Noc |
Kang et al. 2015 [87] | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Noc |
Kang et al. 2018 [88] | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Noc |
Kolar et al. 2017 [89] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Noc |
Malaiya et al. 2016 [90] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Malpas et al. 2017 [91] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Nikiphorou et al. 2015 [92] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
Nugent et al. 2017 [93] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Park et al. 2015 [94] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
Phillips et al. 2017 [95] | No | Yes | No | No | No | NR | No |
Plevris et al. 2017 [96] | No | No | No | No | Yes | NR | No |
Presberg et al. 2017 [97] | No | No | No | No | Yes | NR | Noc |
Rahmany et al. 2016 [98] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | Noc |
Ratnakumaran et al. 2017 [99] | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Razanskaite et al. 2017 [100] | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Noc |
Rubio et al. 2016 [101] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Schmitz et al. 2017 [102] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yesc |
Schmitz et al. 2018 [103] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Sheppard et al. 2016 [104] | No | No | No | No | No | NR | No |
Sieczkowska et al. 2016 [105] | No | No | No | No | No | No | Noc |
No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Noc | |
Sladek et al. 2017 [108] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yesc | |
Strik et al. 2017 [111] | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
Toscano Guzman et al. 2016 [112] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Tweehuysen et al. 2017b [15] | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Noc |
Van den Hoogen et al. 2016 [113] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Vergara-Dangond et al. 2017 [114] | No | Yes | No | No | No | NR | Noc |
Yazici et al. 2016 [115] | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |