Background
Methods
Study setting
Study design
Study population and sampling technique
Study instruments and data collection
Household delivery data | ||
---|---|---|
Percent of homes with at least one birth at facility
| 30.8% | |
Percent of households with at least one birth at home
| 77% | |
Percent of households with head=male
| 90% | |
Employment status of head
| ||
Unemployed | 13.4% | |
Employed | 20.5% | |
Self-employed | 65.4% | |
Head is farmer | 42.8% | |
Head owns business | 9.7% | |
Head is salaried | 15.2% | |
Head is skilled laborer | 12.3% | |
Head is casual laborer | 18.7% | |
Education of head
| ||
No education | 1.36% | |
Pre-primary | 0.22% | |
Primary | 58.68% | |
Secondary | 33.20% | |
Technical/Vocational | 3.12% | |
Higher | 2.96% | |
Informal | 0.46% | |
Mean household size
| 6.5 people (SD=2.9) | |
Mean people per room | 3.1 (SD=1.55) | |
Mean number of rooms | 2.3 | |
Mean acres of land owned | 1.77 | |
Mean distance to facility | 2.4 km (SD=1.13) | |
Mean distance to road | 3.11 km (SD=1.55) | |
Nearest facility is hospital (percent) | 33.8% | |
Nearest facility is health center (percent) | 12.9% | |
Nearest facility is dispensary (percent) | 53.3% |
Data management and analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
Demographics
Bivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | N | Unadjusted OR | P | Value 95% CI | |
Age of head
| 3103 | 0.99 | 0.876 | 0.99 - 1.00 | |
Head of male
| 3141 | 0.94 | 0.663 | 0.71 - 1.24 | |
Education of head
| 3142 | ||||
Primary or below | 1 | REF | |||
Secondary or above | 0.41 | 0.0001 | 0.35 - 0.49 | ||
Employment of head [ii]
| 3142 | ||||
Formally employed | 0.43 | 0.0001 | 0.32 - 0.57 | ||
Self employed | 1.06 | 0.66 | 0.82 - 1.37 | ||
Unemployed | 1 | REF | |||
Employment type of head [iii]
| 3169 | ||||
Owns business | 0.67 | 0.006 | 0.50 - 0.89 | ||
Salaried | 0.37 | 0.0001 | 0.30 - 0.46 | ||
Skilled laborer | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.75 - 1.31 | ||
Casual laborer | 1.16 | 0.254 | 0.90 - 1.48 | ||
Farmer | 1 | REF | |||
Household size
| 3115 | 1.06 | 0.0001 | 1.03 - 1.10 | |
People per room
| 3068 | 1.26 | 0.0001 | 1.18 - 1.34 | |
Acres of land owned
| 3142 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 0.98 - 1.01 | |
Nearest facility [iv]
| 2855 | ||||
Hospital | 0.55 | 0.0001 | 0.46 - 0.66 | ||
Health Center | 1.01 | 0.953 | 0.75 - 1.35 | ||
Dispensary | 1 | REF | |||
Distance in kilometres
| 2855 | ||||
To any facility (kms) | 1.09 | 0.0311 | 1.01 - 1.18 | ||
To District Hospital (kms) | 1.1 | 0.0001 | 1.08 - 1.13 | ||
To Road (kms) | 1.46 | 0.011 | 1.09 - 1.95 | ||
Distance categories
| 2855 | ||||
<2km from any facility | 1 | REF | |||
>2 km from any facility | 1.21 | 0.035 | 1.01 - 1.46 | ||
<4km from District Hospital | 1 | REF | |||
>4km from District hospital | 2.32 | 0.0001 | 1.90 - 2.83 |
Variable | OR | P value | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age of head
| 0.99 | 0.050 | 0.98 - 1.00 | |
Education of head
| ||||
Primary or below | 1 | REF | ||
Secondary or above | 0.49 | <0.0001 | 0.40 - 0.60 | |
Employment of head
| ||||
Formally employed | 0.58 | 0.001 | 0.42 - 0.81 | |
Self employed | 1.10 | 0.520 | 0.82 - 1.47 | |
Household size
| 1.03 | 0.185 | 0.98 - 1.08 | |
People per room
| 1.16 | 0.001 | 1.06 - 1.26 | |
Acres of land owned
| 1.01 | 0.531 | 0.99 - 1.03 | |
Distance in kilometres
| ||||
To road (kms) | 1.14 | 0.403 | 0.84 - 1.56 | |
Distance categories
| ||||
<4km from District Hospital | 1.00 | REF | ||
>4km from District hospital | 2.07 | <0.0001 | 1.66 - 2.57 |