Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 5-6/2018

18.07.2018 | Review

Novel frontiers in detecting cancer metastasis

verfasst von: Stanley P. Leong, Carmen Ballesteros-Merino, Shawn M. Jensen, Sebastian Marwitz, Carlo Bifulco, Bernard A. Fox, Mojca Skoberne

Erschienen in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis | Ausgabe 5-6/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Cancer microenvironment is the critical battle ground between the cancer cells and host response. Thus, more emphasis is directed to study the relationship between cancer cells and the stromal cells. Multiplex microscopy is an emerging technique in which multiple cell populations within the cancer microenvironment may be stained so that spatial relationship between cancer cells and, in particular, the immune cells may be studied during different stages of cancer development. Recent discovery of mutational burden and neoantigens in cancer has opened new landscapes in the interaction of host immune cells and cancer neoantigens. The emerging role of miRNAs may become an added dimension to study cancer beyond traditional pathway of DNA directed RNA being associated with the malignant behavior of cancer. Circulating tumor cells, cancer markers and ctDNA can be used as markers for circulating cancer cells in the blood. Further studies are needed to validate if liquid biopsy of cancer may become a routine clinical tool to screen cancer or follow patients for recurrence or responses to treatment.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Pardo DM (2012) Multiple co-stimulatory and inhibitory interactions regulate T cell responses. Nat Rev Cancer 12:252CrossRef Pardo DM (2012) Multiple co-stimulatory and inhibitory interactions regulate T cell responses. Nat Rev Cancer 12:252CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD (2015) Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science 348:69–74CrossRef Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD (2015) Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science 348:69–74CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ito A, Kitano S et al (2015) Cancer neoantigens: a promising source of immunogens for cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Cell Immunol 6(322):2 Ito A, Kitano S et al (2015) Cancer neoantigens: a promising source of immunogens for cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Cell Immunol 6(322):2
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Virchow R (1863) Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Virchow R (1863) Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Handley WS (1907) The pathology of melanotic growths in relation to their operative treatment. Lancet 169:996–1003CrossRef Handley WS (1907) The pathology of melanotic growths in relation to their operative treatment. Lancet 169:996–1003CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bethmann D, Feng Z, Fox BA (2017) Immunoprofiling as a predictor of patient’s response to cancer therapy-promises and challenges. Curr Opin Immunol 45:60–72CrossRef Bethmann D, Feng Z, Fox BA (2017) Immunoprofiling as a predictor of patient’s response to cancer therapy-promises and challenges. Curr Opin Immunol 45:60–72CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F et al (2006) Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science 313:1960–1964CrossRef Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F et al (2006) Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science 313:1960–1964CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Galon J, Pages F, Marincola FM et al (2012) Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force. J Transl Med 10:205CrossRef Galon J, Pages F, Marincola FM et al (2012) Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force. J Transl Med 10:205CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Pages F, Mlecnik B, Marliot F et al (2018) International validation of the consensus Immunoscore for the classification of colon cancer: a prognostic and accuracy study. Lancet 391(10135):2128–2139CrossRef Pages F, Mlecnik B, Marliot F et al (2018) International validation of the consensus Immunoscore for the classification of colon cancer: a prognostic and accuracy study. Lancet 391(10135):2128–2139CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS et al (2009) The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin Cancer Res 15:5323–5337CrossRef Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS et al (2009) The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin Cancer Res 15:5323–5337CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Page DB, Hulett TW, Hilton TL et al (2016) Glimpse into the future: harnessing autophagy to promote anti-tumor immunity with the DRibbles vaccine. J Immunother Cancer 4:25CrossRef Page DB, Hulett TW, Hilton TL et al (2016) Glimpse into the future: harnessing autophagy to promote anti-tumor immunity with the DRibbles vaccine. J Immunother Cancer 4:25CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Mlecnik B, Van den Eynde M, Bindea G et al (2018) Comprehensive intrametastatic immune quantification and major impact of immunoscore on survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 110 Mlecnik B, Van den Eynde M, Bindea G et al (2018) Comprehensive intrametastatic immune quantification and major impact of immunoscore on survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 110
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirsch FR, McElhinny A, Stanforth D et al (2017) PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays for lung cancer: results from phase 1 of the blueprint PD-L1 IHC assay comparison project. J Thorac Oncol 12:208–222CrossRef Hirsch FR, McElhinny A, Stanforth D et al (2017) PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays for lung cancer: results from phase 1 of the blueprint PD-L1 IHC assay comparison project. J Thorac Oncol 12:208–222CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan J (2016) Circulating protein and antibody biomarker for personalized cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 4:46CrossRef Yuan J (2016) Circulating protein and antibody biomarker for personalized cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 4:46CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Feng Z, Puri S, Moudgil T et al (2015) Multispectral imaging of formalin-fixed tissue predicts ability to generate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 3:47CrossRef Feng Z, Puri S, Moudgil T et al (2015) Multispectral imaging of formalin-fixed tissue predicts ability to generate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 3:47CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat LaCelle MG, Jensen SM, Fox BA (2009) Partial CD4 depletion reduces regulatory T cells induced by multiple vaccinations and restores therapeutic efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 15:6881–6890CrossRef LaCelle MG, Jensen SM, Fox BA (2009) Partial CD4 depletion reduces regulatory T cells induced by multiple vaccinations and restores therapeutic efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 15:6881–6890CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Feng Z, Bethmann D, Kappler M et al (2017) Multiparametric immune profiling in HPV-oral squamous cell cancer. JCI Insight 2 Feng Z, Bethmann D, Kappler M et al (2017) Multiparametric immune profiling in HPV-oral squamous cell cancer. JCI Insight 2
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Riaz N, Havel JJ, Makarov V et al (2017) Tumor and microenvironment evolution during immunotherapy with Nivolumab. Cell 171:934–949CrossRef Riaz N, Havel JJ, Makarov V et al (2017) Tumor and microenvironment evolution during immunotherapy with Nivolumab. Cell 171:934–949CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaretsky JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS et al (2016) Mutations associated with acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade in melanoma, N Engl J Med 375(9):819–829CrossRef Zaretsky JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS et al (2016) Mutations associated with acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade in melanoma, N Engl J Med 375(9):819–829CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Snyder A, Makarov V, Merghoub T et al (2014) Genetic basis for clinical response to CTLA-4 blockade in melanoma. N Engl J Med 371:2189–2199CrossRef Snyder A, Makarov V, Merghoub T et al (2014) Genetic basis for clinical response to CTLA-4 blockade in melanoma. N Engl J Med 371:2189–2199CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Snyder A et al (2015) Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Science 348:124–128CrossRef Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Snyder A et al (2015) Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Science 348:124–128CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Robbins PF, Lu YC, El-Gamil M et al (2013) Mining exomic sequencing data to identify mutated antigens recognized by adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. Nat Med 19:747–752CrossRef Robbins PF, Lu YC, El-Gamil M et al (2013) Mining exomic sequencing data to identify mutated antigens recognized by adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. Nat Med 19:747–752CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat van Rooij N, van Buuren MM, Philips D et al (2013) Tumor exome analysis reveals neoantigen-specific T-cell reactivity in an ipilimumab-responsive melanoma. J Clin Oncol 31:e439–e442CrossRef van Rooij N, van Buuren MM, Philips D et al (2013) Tumor exome analysis reveals neoantigen-specific T-cell reactivity in an ipilimumab-responsive melanoma. J Clin Oncol 31:e439–e442CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Bassani-Sternberg M, Braunlein E, Klar R et al (2016) Direct identification of clinically relevant neoepitopes presented on native human melanoma tissue by mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 7:13404CrossRef Bassani-Sternberg M, Braunlein E, Klar R et al (2016) Direct identification of clinically relevant neoepitopes presented on native human melanoma tissue by mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 7:13404CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Karpanen T, Olweus J (2017) The potential of donor T-cell repertoires in neoantigen-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 8:1718CrossRef Karpanen T, Olweus J (2017) The potential of donor T-cell repertoires in neoantigen-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 8:1718CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Abelin JG, Keskin DB, Sarkizova S et al (2017) Mass spectrometry profiling of HLA-associated peptidomes in mono-allelic cells enables more accurate epitope prediction. Immunity 46:315–326CrossRef Abelin JG, Keskin DB, Sarkizova S et al (2017) Mass spectrometry profiling of HLA-associated peptidomes in mono-allelic cells enables more accurate epitope prediction. Immunity 46:315–326CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Vita R, Overton JA, Greenbaum JA et al (2015) The immune epitope database (IEDB) 3.0. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D405–D412CrossRef Vita R, Overton JA, Greenbaum JA et al (2015) The immune epitope database (IEDB) 3.0. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D405–D412CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Andreatta M, Nielsen M (2016) Gapped sequence alignment using artificial neural networks: application to the MHC class I system. Bioinformatics 32:511–517CrossRef Andreatta M, Nielsen M (2016) Gapped sequence alignment using artificial neural networks: application to the MHC class I system. Bioinformatics 32:511–517CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bassani-Sternberg M, Pletscher-Frankild S, Jensen LJ et al (2015) Mass spectrometry of human leukocyte antigen class I peptidomes reveals strong effects of protein abundance and turnover on antigen presentation. Mol Cell Proteomics 14:658–673CrossRef Bassani-Sternberg M, Pletscher-Frankild S, Jensen LJ et al (2015) Mass spectrometry of human leukocyte antigen class I peptidomes reveals strong effects of protein abundance and turnover on antigen presentation. Mol Cell Proteomics 14:658–673CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Yadav M, Jhunjhunwala S, Phung QT et al (2014) Predicting immunogenic tumour mutations by combining mass spectrometry and exome sequencing. Nature 515:572–576CrossRef Yadav M, Jhunjhunwala S, Phung QT et al (2014) Predicting immunogenic tumour mutations by combining mass spectrometry and exome sequencing. Nature 515:572–576CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Pauken KE, Wherry EJ (2015) Overcoming T cell exhaustion in infection and cancer. Trends Immunol 36:265–276CrossRef Pauken KE, Wherry EJ (2015) Overcoming T cell exhaustion in infection and cancer. Trends Immunol 36:265–276CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Stronen E, Toebes M, Kelderman S et al (2016) Targeting of cancer neoantigens with donor-derived T cell receptor repertoires. Science 352:1337–1341CrossRef Stronen E, Toebes M, Kelderman S et al (2016) Targeting of cancer neoantigens with donor-derived T cell receptor repertoires. Science 352:1337–1341CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sahin U, Derhovanessian E, Miller M et al (2017) Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer. Nature 547:222–226CrossRef Sahin U, Derhovanessian E, Miller M et al (2017) Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer. Nature 547:222–226CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kochenderfer JN, Somerville RPT, Lu T et al (2017) Lymphoma remissions caused by anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are associated with high serum interleukin-15 levels. J Clin Oncol 35:1803–1813CrossRef Kochenderfer JN, Somerville RPT, Lu T et al (2017) Lymphoma remissions caused by anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are associated with high serum interleukin-15 levels. J Clin Oncol 35:1803–1813CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee DW, Kochenderfer JN, Stetler-Stevenson M et al (2015) T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 385:517–528CrossRef Lee DW, Kochenderfer JN, Stetler-Stevenson M et al (2015) T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 385:517–528CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevanovic S, Draper LM, Langhan MM et al (2015) Complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer after treatment with human papillomavirus-targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells. J Clin Oncol 33:1543–1550CrossRef Stevanovic S, Draper LM, Langhan MM et al (2015) Complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer after treatment with human papillomavirus-targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells. J Clin Oncol 33:1543–1550CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ott PA, Hu Z, Keskin DB et al (2017) An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma. Nature 547:217–221CrossRef Ott PA, Hu Z, Keskin DB et al (2017) An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma. Nature 547:217–221CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Mensah VA, Gueye A, Ndiaye M et al (2016) Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of prime-boost vaccination with ChAd63 and MVA encoding ME-TRAP against Plasmodium falciparum infection in adults in senegal. PLoS ONE 11:e0167951CrossRef Mensah VA, Gueye A, Ndiaye M et al (2016) Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of prime-boost vaccination with ChAd63 and MVA encoding ME-TRAP against Plasmodium falciparum infection in adults in senegal. PLoS ONE 11:e0167951CrossRef
41.
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes J, Peruzzi PP, Lawler S (2014) MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Trends Mol Med 20:460–469CrossRef Hayes J, Peruzzi PP, Lawler S (2014) MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Trends Mol Med 20:460–469CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Peng Y, Croce CM (2016) The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 1:15004CrossRef Peng Y, Croce CM (2016) The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 1:15004CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee YS, Dutta A (2009) MicroRNAs in cancer. Annu Rev Pathol 4:199–227CrossRef Lee YS, Dutta A (2009) MicroRNAs in cancer. Annu Rev Pathol 4:199–227CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144:646–674CrossRef Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144:646–674CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinberg RA (2007) The biology of cancer; Garland Science Weinberg RA (2007) The biology of cancer; Garland Science
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ et al (2004) Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:781–791CrossRef Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ et al (2004) Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:781–791CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, Riethdorf S, Wu G et al (2012) Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18:5701–5710CrossRef Zhang L, Riethdorf S, Wu G et al (2012) Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18:5701–5710CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Cristofanilli M, Hayes DF, Budd GT et al (2005) Circulating tumor cells: a novel prognostic factor for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:1420–1430CrossRef Cristofanilli M, Hayes DF, Budd GT et al (2005) Circulating tumor cells: a novel prognostic factor for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:1420–1430CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB et al (2008) Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14:6302–6309CrossRef de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB et al (2008) Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14:6302–6309CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen SJ, Punt CJ, Iannotti N et al (2008) Relationship of circulating tumor cells to tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:3213–3221CrossRef Cohen SJ, Punt CJ, Iannotti N et al (2008) Relationship of circulating tumor cells to tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:3213–3221CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Koyanagi K, O’Day SJ, Boasberg P et al (2010) Serial monitoring of circulating tumor cells predicts outcome of induction biochemotherapy plus maintenance biotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 16:2402–2408CrossRef Koyanagi K, O’Day SJ, Boasberg P et al (2010) Serial monitoring of circulating tumor cells predicts outcome of induction biochemotherapy plus maintenance biotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 16:2402–2408CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, Riethdorf S, Wu G et al (2012) Metaanalysis of the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18:5701–5710CrossRef Zhang L, Riethdorf S, Wu G et al (2012) Metaanalysis of the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18:5701–5710CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi N, Yamauchi H (2012) Role of circulating tumor cells and disseminated tumor cells in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer 19:110–117CrossRef Hayashi N, Yamauchi H (2012) Role of circulating tumor cells and disseminated tumor cells in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer 19:110–117CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Ignatiadis M, Kallergi G, Ntoulia M et al (2008) Prognostic value of the molecular detection of circulating tumor cells using a multimarker reverse transcription-PCR assay for cytokeratin 19, mammaglobin A, and HER2 in early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14:2593–2600CrossRef Ignatiadis M, Kallergi G, Ntoulia M et al (2008) Prognostic value of the molecular detection of circulating tumor cells using a multimarker reverse transcription-PCR assay for cytokeratin 19, mammaglobin A, and HER2 in early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14:2593–2600CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Xenidis N, Ignatiadis M, Apostolaki S et al (2009) Cytokeratin-19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 27:2177–2184CrossRef Xenidis N, Ignatiadis M, Apostolaki S et al (2009) Cytokeratin-19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 27:2177–2184CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Peach G, Kim C, Zacharakis E, Purkayastha S, Ziprin P (2010) Prognostic significance of circulating tumour cells following surgical resection of colorectal cancers: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 102:1327–1334CrossRef Peach G, Kim C, Zacharakis E, Purkayastha S, Ziprin P (2010) Prognostic significance of circulating tumour cells following surgical resection of colorectal cancers: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 102:1327–1334CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahbari NN, Aigner M, Thorlund K et al (2010) Meta-analysis shows that detection of circulating tumor cells indicates poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 138:1714–1726CrossRef Rahbari NN, Aigner M, Thorlund K et al (2010) Meta-analysis shows that detection of circulating tumor cells indicates poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 138:1714–1726CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoshimoto S, Faries MB, Morton DL et al (2012) Assessment of prognostic circulating tumor cells in a phase III trial of adjuvant immunotherapy after complete resection of stage IV melanoma. Ann Surg 255:357–362CrossRef Hoshimoto S, Faries MB, Morton DL et al (2012) Assessment of prognostic circulating tumor cells in a phase III trial of adjuvant immunotherapy after complete resection of stage IV melanoma. Ann Surg 255:357–362CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Merker JD, Oxnard GR, Compton C et al (2018) Circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical oncology and college of American pathologists joint review. J Clin Oncol 36:1–11CrossRef Merker JD, Oxnard GR, Compton C et al (2018) Circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical oncology and college of American pathologists joint review. J Clin Oncol 36:1–11CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Novel frontiers in detecting cancer metastasis
verfasst von
Stanley P. Leong
Carmen Ballesteros-Merino
Shawn M. Jensen
Sebastian Marwitz
Carlo Bifulco
Bernard A. Fox
Mojca Skoberne
Publikationsdatum
18.07.2018
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis / Ausgabe 5-6/2018
Print ISSN: 0262-0898
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-018-9918-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5-6/2018

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 5-6/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.