Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Konkret geht es um den Diabetes-Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen oder Risiken, die Herzinsuffizienz sowie die kardiovaskuläre Primär- und Sekundärprävention. Sind Sie hier schon auf dem neuesten Stand? Unsere Experten beleuchten, wo und warum das bisherige Procedere geändert werden soll und was in der Praxis sinnvoll ist. Holen Sie sich Ihr Update und 2 CME-Punkte beim MMW-Webinar am 24. April von 17.30 bis 19 Uhr. 
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Medical Oncology
Erschienen in: Medical Oncology 6/2021

01.06.2021 | Review Article

Novel therapeutic strategies and perspectives for pancreatic cancer: Autophagy and apoptosis are key mechanisms to fight pancreatic cancer

verfasst von: Wenhao Luo, Lianfang Zheng, Taiping Tai Zhang

Erschienen in: Medical Oncology | Ausgabe 6/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. The poor prognosis of patients with PC is primarily due to lack of effective treatments against its progressive and metastatic behavior. Hence, figuring out the mechanisms underlying PC development and putting up with effective targeted therapies are of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients with PC. Apoptosis and autophagy serve to maintain tissue homoeostasis. Escaping from apoptosis or autophagy is one of the features of malignancy. PC is seriously resistant to autophagy and apoptosis, which explains its invasiveness and resistance to conventional treatment. Recently, several biological activities and pharmacological functions found in natural product extracts have been reported to inhibit PC progression. The current review focuses on understanding natural product extracts and their derivatives as one kind of novel treatments through affecting the apoptosis or autophagy in PC.
Literatur
1.
2.
3.
Degterev A, Boyce M, Yuan JY. A decade of caspases. Oncogene. 2003;22:8543–67.PubMed
4.
5.
Arlt A, Mueerkoester SS, Schaefer H. Targeting apoptosis pathways in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 2013;332:346–58.PubMed
6.
Li X, Zhu F, Jiang J, et al. Simultaneous inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy enhances apoptosis induced by ER stress aggravators in human pancreatic cancer cells. Autophagy. 2016;12:1521–37.PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
8.
Modi S, Kir D, Banerjee S, et al. Control of Apoptosis in Treatment and Biology of Pancreatic Cancer. J Cell Biochem. 2016;117:279–88.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
10.
Zheng Q-Y, Cao Z-H, Hu X-B, et al. LIGHT/IFN-gamma triggers beta cells apoptosis via NF-kappa B/Bcl2-dependent mitochondrial pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2016;20:1861–71.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Wang G, Chen H, Liu J. The long noncoding RNA LINC01207 promotes proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5:3162–73.PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Greten FR, Weber CK, Greten TF, et al. Stat3 and NF-kappa B activation prevents apoptosis in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:2052–63.PubMed
13.
Satoh K, Kaneko K, Hirota M, et al. Expression of survivin is correlated with cancer cell apoptosis and is involved in the development of human pancreatic duct cell tumors. Cancer. 2001;92:271–8.PubMed
14.
15.
16.
Healy SJM, Gorman AM, Mousavi-Shafaei P, et al. Targeting the endoplasmic reticulum-stress response as an anticancer strategy. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;625:234–46.PubMed
17.
Rouschop KMA, Wouters BG. Regulation of Autophagy Through Multiple Independent Hypoxic Signaling Pathways. Curr Mol Med. 2009;9:417–24.PubMed
18.
Yang S, Wang X, Contino G, et al. Pancreatic cancers require autophagy for tumor growth. Genes Dev. 2011;25:717–29.PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Yang A, Kimmelman AC. Inhibition of autophagy attenuates pancreatic cancer growth independent of TP53/TRP53 status. Autophagy. 2014;10:1683–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
21.
Yang A, Herter-Sprie G, Zhang H, et al. Autophagy Sustains Pancreatic Cancer Growth through Both Cell-Autonomous and nonautonomous Mechanisms. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:276–87.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Tsukada M, Ohsumi Y. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOPHAGY-DEFECTIVE MUTANTS OF SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE. FEBS Lett. 1993;333:169–74.PubMed
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Zhang L, Li J, Zong L, et al. Reactive Oxygen Species and Targeted Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1616781.PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Xu Z, Zhang F, Bai C, et al. Sophoridine induces apoptosis and S phase arrest via ROS-dependent JNK and ERK activation in human pancreatic cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2017;36:124.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zhang L, Fang Y, Xu XF, et al. Moscatilin induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via reactive oxygen species and the JNK/SAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2017;15:1195–203.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Subramani R, Gonzalez E, Arumugam A, et al. Nimbolide inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis through ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19819.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Tian, X., Dai, S., Sun, J. et al. Bufalin Induces Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Pancreatic and Oral Cancer Cells by Downregulating hTERT Expression via Activation of the JNK/p38 Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015, 546210 (2015).
33.
Cheng HB, Bo Y, Shen WX, et al. Longikaurin E induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of the p38 and PI3K/AKT pathways by ROS. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2015;388:623–34.PubMed
34.
Zhao, W., Li, D., Liu, Z. et al. Spiclomazine induces apoptosis associated with the suppression of cell viability, migration and invasion in pancreatic carcinoma cells. PLoS One 8, e66362 (2013).
35.
Boyd J, Han A. Deguelin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;929:363–75.PubMed
36.
Du J, Jiang F, Xu SS, et al. Tephrosin induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species. J Cancer. 2021;12:270–80.PubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Wu X, Jiang L, Zhang Z, et al. Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. Oncol Lett. 2021;21:34.PubMed
38.
Schumacker PT. Reactive oxygen species in cancer cells: live by the sword, die by the sword. Cancer Cell. 2006;10:175–6.PubMed
39.
Lu H, Wu L, Liu L, et al. Quercetin ameliorates kidney injury and fibrosis by modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018;154:203–12.PubMed
40.
41.
42.
Liu X, Sun N, Mo N, et al. Quercetin inhibits kidney fibrosis and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of the renal tubular system involving suppression of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Food Funct. 2019;10:3782–97.PubMed
43.
Amakye D, Jagani Z, Dorsch M. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of the Hedgehog pathway in cancer. Nat Med. 2013;19:1410–22.PubMed
44.
Kim JH, Kim MJ, Choi KC, et al. Quercetin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through JNK-mediated cFLIP turnover. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016;78:327–34.PubMed
45.
Cheng XL, Ma SC, Yu JD, et al. Selaginellin A and B, two novel natural pigments isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2008;56:982–4.
46.
Zhang X, Lu H, Hong W, et al. Tyrphostin B42 attenuates trichostatin A-mediated resistance in pancreatic cancer cells by antagonizing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Oncol Rep. 2018;39:1892–900.PubMed
47.
Chu P, Wang S, Zhu X, et al. Selaginellin B induces apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res. 2020;12:7127–43.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Chu P, Li H, Luo R, et al. Oleanolic acid derivative SZC014 inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in a ROS-dependent way. Neoplasma. 2017;64:681–92.PubMed
49.
Guo H, Mao H, Pan G, et al. Antagonism of Cortex Periplocae extract-induced catecholamines secretion by Panax notoginseng saponins in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells by drug combinations. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;147:447–55.PubMed
50.
Xie G, Sun L, Li Y, et al. Periplocin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer by inducing apoptosis via AMPK-mTOR signaling. Cancer Med. 2021;10:325–36.PubMed
51.
Liu J, Long S, Wang H, et al. Blocking AMPK/ULK1-dependent autophagy promoted apoptosis and suppressed colon cancer growth. Cancer Cell Int. 2019;19:336.PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Tian Y, Shen L, Li F, et al. Silencing of RHEB inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235:442–53.PubMed
53.
Inoki K, Zhu T, Guan KL. TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival. Cell. 2003;115:577–90.PubMed
54.
Chugh, R., Sangwan, V., Patil, S. P. et al. A preclinical evaluation of Minnelide as a therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer. Sci Transl Med 4, 156ra139 (2012).
55.
Mujumdar N, Mackenzie TN, Dudeja V, et al. Triptolide induces cell death in pancreatic cancer cells by apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:598–608.PubMed
56.
Singh D, Narayanamoorthy S, Gamre S, et al. Hydroxychavicol, a key ingredient of Piper betle induces bacterial cell death by DNA damage and inhibition of cell division. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018;120:62–71.PubMed
57.
Guo LX, Xie H. Differential phosphorylation of p38 induced by apoptotic and anti-apoptotic stimuli in murine hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:1345–50.PubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Guha Majumdar A, Subramanian M. Hydroxychavicol from Piper betle induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019;166:274–91.PubMed
59.
Tang JJ, He QR, Dong S, et al. Diversity Modification and Structure-Activity Relationships of Two Natural Products 1β-hydroxy Alantolactone and Ivangustin as Potent Cytotoxic Agents. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1722.PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Settembre C, Di Malta C, Polito VA, et al. TFEB links autophagy to lysosomal biogenesis. Science. 2011;332:1429–33.PubMedPubMedCentral
61.
He R, Shi X, Zhou M, et al. Alantolactone induces apoptosis and improves chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells by impairment of autophagy-lysosome pathway via targeting TFEB. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018;356:159–71.PubMed
62.
Evans TRJ, Van Cutsem E, Moore MJ, et al. Phase 2 placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of dasatinib added to gemcitabine for patients with locally-advanced pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:354–61.PubMed
63.
Burridge S. Obesity and diabetes: lipid boosts muscle and shrinks fat. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011;10:576.PubMed
64.
Sun L, Li B, Su X, et al. An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis. J Med Chem. 2017;60:6638–48.PubMed
65.
Zhao C, Yin S, Dong Y, et al. Autophagy-dependent EIF2AK3 activation compromises ursolic acid-induced apoptosis through upregulation of MCL1 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Autophagy. 2013;9:196–207.PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Lin JH, Chen SY, Lu CC, et al. Ursolic acid promotes apoptosis, autophagy, and chemosensitivity in gemcitabine-resistant human pancreatic cancer cells. Phytother Res. 2020;34:2053–66.PubMed
67.
Shahab U, Ahmad MK, Mahdi AA, et al. The receptor for advanced glycation end products: A fuel to pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;49:37–43.PubMed
68.
Kırmızıbekmez H, Kúsz N, Bérdi P, et al. New iridoids from the roots of Valeriana dioscoridis Sm. Fitoterapia. 2018;130:73–8.PubMed
69.
Sun Y, Lan M, Chen X, et al. Anti-invasion and anti-metastasis effects of Valjatrate E via reduction of matrix metalloproteinases expression and suppression of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;104:817–24.PubMed
70.
Yan YY, Shi KY, Teng F, et al. A novel derivative of valepotriate inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway and causes Noxa-dependent apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020;41:835–42.PubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Kour S, Rana S, Contreras JI, et al. CDK5 Inhibitor Downregulates Mcl-1 and Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines to Navitoclax. Mol Pharmacol. 2019;96:419–29.PubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Hedir S, De Giorgi M, Fogha J, et al. Structure-guided design of pyridoclax derivatives based on Noxa / Mcl-1 interaction mode. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;159:357–80.PubMed
73.
Woźniak D, Dryś A, Matkowski A. Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix. Nat Prod Res. 2015;29:1567–70.PubMed
74.
Wang Y, Cao HJ, Sun SJ, et al. Total flavonoid aglycones extract in Radix scutellariae inhibits lung carcinoma and lung metastasis by affecting cell cycle and DNA synthesis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;194:269–79.PubMed
75.
Liu J, Wang H, Wang J, et al. Total flavonoid aglycones extract in Radix Scutellariae induces cross-regulation between autophagy and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;235:133–40.PubMed
76.
Matkowski A, Kuś P, Góralska E, et al. Mangiferin - a bioactive xanthonoid, not only from mango and not just antioxidant. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2013;13:439–55.PubMed
77.
Sánchez, G. M., Re, L., Giuliani, A. et al. Protective effects of Mangifera indica L. extract, mangiferin and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced biomolecules oxidation and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice. Pharmacol Res 42, 565–573 (2000).
78.
Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Nandakumar N, et al. Mangiferin in cancer chemoprevention and treatment: pharmacokinetics and molecular targets. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2015;35:76–84.PubMed
79.
Yu L, Chen M, Zhang R, et al. Inhibition of cancer cell growth in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic carcinoma by mangiferin phytochemical involves induction of autophagy, endogenous ROS production, cell cycle disruption, mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and suppression of cancer cell migration and invasion. J buon. 2019;24:1581–6.PubMed
80.
Zhang XD, Gillespie SK, Hersey P. Staurosporine induces apoptosis of melanoma by both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004;3:187–97.PubMed
81.
Stepczynska A, Lauber K, Engels IH, et al. Staurosporine and conventional anticancer drugs induce overlapping, yet distinct pathways of apoptosis and caspase activation. Oncogene. 2001;20:1193–202.PubMed
82.
Malsy M, Bitzinger D, Graf B, et al. Staurosporine induces apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells PaTu 8988t and Panc-1 via the intrinsic signaling pathway. Eur J Med Res. 2019;24:5.PubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Moore J, Megaly M, MacNeil AJ, et al. Rosemary extract reduces Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation and inhibits proliferation and survival of A549 human lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;83:725–32.PubMed
84.
Zhao Z, Li C, Xi H, et al. Curcumin induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through the induction of forkhead box O1 and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12:5415–22.PubMed
85.
Hung JY, Hsu YL, Li CT, et al. 6-Shogaol, an active constituent of dietary ginger, induces autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57:9809–16.PubMed
86.
Puckett DL, Alquraishi M, Alani D, et al. Zyflamend induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of the JNK pathway. Cell Commun Signal. 2020;18:126.PubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Arai Y, Watanabe S, Kimira M, et al. Dietary intakes of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration. J Nutr. 2000;130:2243–50.PubMed
88.
Sabarwal A, Agarwal R, Singh RP. Fisetin inhibits cellular proliferation and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 2017;56:499–514.PubMed
89.
Murtaza I, Adhami VM, Hafeez BB, et al. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, targets chemoresistant human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells through DR3-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB. Int J Cancer. 2009;125:2465–73.PubMedPubMedCentral
90.
Valacco MP, Varone C, Malicet C, et al. Cell growth-dependent subcellular localization of p8. J Cell Biochem. 2006;97:1066–79.PubMed
91.
Tang B, Li Q, Zhao XH, et al. Shiga toxins induce autophagic cell death in intestinal epithelial cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Autophagy. 2015;11:344–54.PubMedPubMedCentral
92.
Cebollero, E., Reggiori, F.,Kraft, C. Reticulophagy and ribophagy: regulated degradation of protein production factories. Int J Cell Biol 2012, 182834 (2012).
93.
Jia SN, Lin C, Chen DF, et al. The Transcription Factor p8 Regulates Autophagy in Response to Palmitic Acid Stress via a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-independent Signaling Pathway. J Biol Chem. 2016;291:4462–72.PubMedPubMedCentral
94.
Jia S, Xu X, Zhou S, et al. Fisetin induces autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondrial stress-dependent pathways. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10:142.PubMedPubMedCentral
95.
He D, Chen B, Tian Q, et al. Simultaneous determination of five anthraquinones in medicinal plants and pharmaceutical preparations by HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009;49:1123–7.PubMed
96.
Chiou SM, Chiu CH, Yang ST, et al. Danthron triggers ROS and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic death in C6 rat glioma cells through caspase cascades, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G multiple signaling. Neurochem Res. 2012;37:1790–800.PubMed
97.
Chen H, Zhao C, He R, et al. Danthron suppresses autophagy and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to doxorubicin. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019;54:345–53.PubMed
98.
Sozen H, Celik OI, Cetin ES, et al. Evaluation of the protective effect of silibinin in rats with liver damage caused by itraconazole. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015;71:1215–23.PubMed
99.
Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang P, et al. Silibinin induces G1 arrest, apoptosis and JNK/SAPK upregulation in SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 2018;15:9868–76.PubMedPubMedCentral
100.
Zhang, X., Jiang, J., Chen, Z. et al. Silibinin inhibited autophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma by activating JNK/SAPK signaling. Pathol Res Pract 215, 152530 (2019).
101.
Finkel T. Oxygen radicals and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1998;10:248–53.PubMed
102.
Jahanafrooz Z, Motamed N, Rinner B, et al. Silibinin to improve cancer therapeutic, as an apoptotic inducer, autophagy modulator, cell cycle inhibitor, and microRNAs regulator. Life Sci. 2018;213:236–47.PubMed
103.
Gao M, Li Y, Ji X, et al. Disturbance of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Ki-67 and C-myc expression in acute and subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene in cervix. Acta Histochem. 2016;118:63–73.PubMed
104.
Chen H, Wei W, Guo Y, et al. Enhanced effect of gemcitabine by emodin against pancreatic cancer in vivo via cytochrome C-regulated apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2011;25:1253–61.PubMed
105.
Liang XH, Kleeman LK, Jiang HH, et al. Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein. J Virol. 1998;72:8586–96.PubMedPubMedCentral
106.
Wei Y, Sinha S, Levine B. Dual role of JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in autophagy and apoptosis regulation. Autophagy. 2008;4:949–51.PubMed
107.
Wei C, Li L, Gupta S. NF-κB-mediated miR-30b regulation in cardiomyocytes cell death by targeting Bcl-2. Mol Cell Biochem. 2014;387:135–41.PubMed
108.
Li PG, Mu TH, Deng L. Anticancer effects of sweet potato protein on human colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:3300–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
109.
Zheng QY, Cao ZH, Hu XB, et al. LIGHT/IFN-γ triggers β cells apoptosis via NF-κB/Bcl2-dependent mitochondrial pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2016;20:1861–71.PubMedPubMedCentral
110.
Qian C, Chen X, Qi Y, et al. Sporamin induces apoptosis and inhibits NF-κB activation in human pancreatic cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2017;39:1010428317706917.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Novel therapeutic strategies and perspectives for pancreatic cancer: Autophagy and apoptosis are key mechanisms to fight pancreatic cancer
verfasst von
Wenhao Luo
Lianfang Zheng
Taiping Tai Zhang
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2021
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Medical Oncology / Ausgabe 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1357-0560
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-131X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-021-01522-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2021

Medical Oncology 6/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Review Article

Luteolin and cancer metastasis suppression: focus on the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Original Paper

CDK2-instigates C/EBPα degradation through SKP2 in Acute myeloid leukemia

Original Paper

The anti-angiogenic agent lenvatinib induces tumor vessel normalization and enhances radiosensitivity in hepatocellular tumors

Letter to the Editor

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine adult vaccination in cancer patients

Original Paper

The role of BAFF and G-CSF for rituximab-induced late-onset neutropenia (LON) in lymphomas

Original Paper

Treating MCF7 breast cancer cell with proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib restores apoptotic factors and sensitizes cell to Docetaxel

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

18.04.2024 | Wirbelsäulenmetastase | Nachrichten

Stereotaktische Radiatio schlägt konventionelle Bestrahlung

17.04.2024 | Mammakarzinom | Nachrichten

Adjuvante Brustkrebstherapie: Doppelt hält besser

16.04.2024 | HNO-Chirurgie | Nachrichten

HNO-Op. auch mit über 90?

16.04.2024 | Maligne primäre ZNS-Tumoren | Nachrichten

Manche Gestagene können das Risiko für Meningeome erhöhen
weitere anzeigen

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen