Background
Methods
Source population
Data sources
Exposure of interest and comorbidities
End points
Power calculations and statistical analysis
Results
Alive at discharge | Expired | Total |
P value (chi-square test) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) for inhospital mortality | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| 2569 | 309 | 2878 | ||
Male gender | 1390 (54) | 178 (58) | 1568 (54) | 0.24 | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) |
Nonwhite race | 536 (21) | 66 (21) | 602 (21) | 0.84 | 1.03 (0.77–1.37) |
Age (years) | 60.7 ± 18.0 | 67.0 ± 16.8 | 61.4 ± 18.0 | <0.001* | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
Surgical patient type | 1147 (45) | 92 (30) | 1239 (43) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.41–0.68) |
Deyo–Charlson Index | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 533 (21) | 29 (9) | 562 (20) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
1–2 | 628 (24) | 54 (17) | 682 (24) | 1.58 (0.99–2.52) | |
3–6 | 566 (22) | 69 (22) | 635 (22) | 2.24 (1.43–3.51) | |
≥7 | 842 (33) | 157 (51) | 999 (35) | 3.43 (2.27–5.17) | |
Sepsis | 241 (9) | 113 (37) | 354 (12) | <0.001 | |
Pneumonia | 487 (19) | 106 (34) | 593 (21) | <0.001 | 2.23 (1.73–2.88) |
Noncardiac acute respiratory failure | 169 (7) | 85 (28) | 254 (9) | <0.001 | 5.39 (4.01–7.23) |
Acute organ failure | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 843 (33) | 5 (2) | 848 (29) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
1 | 895 (35) | 65 (21) | 960 (33) | 12.25 (4.91–30.56) | |
2 | 508 (20) | 73 (24) | 581 (20) | 24.23 (9.73–60.35) | |
≥3 | 323 (13) | 166 (54) | 489 (17) | 86.65 (35.27–212.87) | |
Leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome | 229 (9) | 53 (17) | 282 (10) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.53–2.93) |
Hematocrit | 34.1 ± 7.0 | 30.9 ± 7.0 | 33.8 ± 7.1 | <0.001* | 0.94 (0.92–0.95) |
Red cell distribution width | 14.8 ± 2.2 | 16.9 ± 2.9 | 15.1 ± 2.4 | <0.001* | 1.32 (1.27–1.38) |
Chronic kidney disease | 800 (31) | 175 (57) | 975 (34) | <0.001 | 2.89 (2.27–3.67) |
Acute Organ Failure score | 10.0 ± 4.7 | 15.6 ± 5.0 | 10.6 ± 5.0 | <0.001* | 1.26 (1.23–1.30) |
NRBCs | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 1867 (73) | 101 (33) | 1968 (68) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
1–99 | 487 (19) | 83 (27) | 570 (20) | 3.15 (2.32–4.28) | |
100–199 | 101 (4) | 43 (14) | 144 (5) | 7.87 (5.23–11.85) | |
≥200 | 114 (4) | 82 (27) | 196 (7) | 13.30 (9.39–18.82) | |
Mortality rate (%) | |||||
Inhospital | 309 (10.7) | ||||
30-day | 392 (13.6) | ||||
90-day | 509 (17.7) |
0/μl | 1-100/μl | 101-200/μl | >200/μl |
P value (chi-square test) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| 1867 | 487 | 101 | 114 | |
Male gender | 1025 (55) | 248 (51) | 60 (59) | 57 (50) | 0.22 |
Nonwhite race | 380 (20) | 109 (22) | 20 (20) | 27 (24) | 0.66 |
Age (years) | 60.1 ± 18.5 | 62.7 ± 16.4 | 63.2 ± 15.4 | 61.4 ± 17.4 | 0.014*
|
Surgical patient type | 785 (42) | 253 (52) | 55 (54) | 54 (47) | <0.001 |
Deyo–Charlson Index | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 444 (24) | 63 (13) | 9 (9) | 17 (15) | |
1–2 | 473 (25) | 111 (23) | 21 (21) | 23 (20) | |
3–6 | 394 (21) | 113 (23) | 30 (30) | 29 (25) | |
≥7 | 556 (30) | 200 (41) | 41 (41) | 45 (40) | |
Sepsis | 118 (6) | 77 (16) | 22 (22) | 24 (21) | <0.001 |
Pneumonia | 293 (16) | 125 (26) | 31 (31) | 38 (33) | <0.001 |
Noncardiac acute respiratory failure | 98 (5) | 45 (9) | 13 (13) | 13 (11) | <0.001 |
Acute organ failure | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 721 (39) | 94 (19) | 10 (10) | 18 (16) | |
1 | 663 (36) | 169 (35) | 37 (37) | 26 (23) | |
2 | 337 (18) | 118 (24) | 25 (25) | 28 (25) | |
≥3 | 146 (8) | 106 (22) | 29 (29) | 42 (37) | |
Leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome | 131 (7) | 55 (11) | 19 (19) | 24 (21) | <0.001 |
Hematocrit | 35.5 ± 6.6 | 31.2 ± 6.6 | 29.2 ± 7.4 | 28.8 ± 7.0 | <0.001 |
Red cell distribution width | 13.9 (13.1–15.1) | 15.3 (14.2–17.1) | 16.3 (15.1–18.0) | 17.1 (15.5–19.3) | |
Chronic kidney disease | 510 (27) | 197 (40) | 39 (39) | 54 (47) | <0.001 |
Transfusions | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | <0.001†
|
Acute Organ Failure score | 9.5 ± 4.4 | 10.9 ± 4.9 | 11.9 ± 5.1 | 12.0 ± 5.9 | <0.001*
|
NRBCs | 0 (0–0) | 40 (20–60) | 140 (120–170) | 375 (270–690) | <0.001†
|
Postdischarge mortality rate (%) | |||||
30-day | 58 (3.1) | 34 (7.0) | 12 (11.9) | 17 (14.9) | <0.001 |
90-day | 111 (6.0) | 57 (11.7) | 16 (15.8) | 25 (21.9) | <0.001 |
Primary outcome
Mortality odds ratio (95% CI)a
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
0/μl NRBCs | 1–100/μl NRBCs | 101–200/μl NRBCs | >200/μl NRBCs | |
30-day post discharge mortality | ||||
Crude | 1.00 (Referent) | 2.34 (1.51—3.62) | 4.21 (2.18—8.11) | 5.47 (3.07—9.74) |
Adjustedb
| 1.00 (Referent) | 2.02 (1.27—3.21) | 3.66 (1.81—7.39) | 4.64 (2.45—8.79) |
Adjustedc
| 1.00 (Referent) | 1.85 (1.16—2.95) | 3.06 (1.50—6.22) | 3.51 (1.82—6.77) |
Adjustedd
| 1.00 (Referent) | 1.86 (1.19—2.90) | 2.90 (1.46—5.74) | 3.66 (1.98—6.75) |
90-day post discharge mortality | ||||
Crude | 1.00 (Referent) | 2.10 (1.50—2.94) | 2.98 (1.69—5.25) | 4.44 (2.74—7.21) |
Adjustedb
| 1.00 (Referent) | 1.77 (1.23—2.54) | 2.51 (1.36—4.62) | 3.72 (2.16—6.39) |
Adjustedc
| 1.00 (Referent) | 1.67 (1.16—2.41) | 2.19 (1.18—4.05) | 3.05 (1.75—5.34) |
Adjustedd
| 1.00 (Referent) | 1.65 (1.16—2.34) | 2.03 (1.12—3.69) | 2.99 (1.78—5.04) |