Obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-center study from Iran

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of the OSA and EDS among Iranian patients with T2DM. We conducted a cross-sectional study on randomly selected 173 patients with T2DM aged 30 to 65. We assessed daytime sleepiness using the Epworth sleepiness scale and risk of OSA using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Further information was demographic and anthropometric characteristics plus metabolic profile. Of all, 122 (74 %) patients were at high risk for OSA and 78 (45 %) patients suffered from EDS. Patients at high risk for OSA were older and had higher BMI, waist circumference, neck circumference, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. In addition, men were significantly at a higher risk for OSA than women. Logistic regression revealed that age, male sex, and neck circumference were independent predictors of risk for OSA. The only independent predictor of EDS was age. Patients with T2DM are at high risk for OSA; also, daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent in this population. Our results indicated that the evaluation of OSA, EDS, and their risk factors should be included in the clinical management of patients with T2DM.