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Immunologic Research
Erschienen in: Immunologic Research 1/2017

16.07.2016 | Therapeutic Aspects in Autoimmunity

On the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the role of microbiota

verfasst von: Elena Gianchecchi, Alessandra Fierabracci

Erschienen in: Immunologic Research | Ausgabe 1/2017

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the selective destruction of insulin-producing β cells as result of a complex interplay between genetic, stochastic and environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. An increasing amount of experimental data from animal models and humans has supported the role played by imbalanced gut microbiome in T1D pathogenesis. The commensal intestinal microbiota is fundamental for several physiologic mechanisms, including the establishment of immune homeostasis. Alterations in its composition have been correlated to changes in the gut immune system, including defective tolerance to food antigens, intestinal inflammation and enhanced gut permeability. Early findings reported differences in the intestinal microbiome of subjects affected by prediabetes or overt disease compared to healthy individuals. The present review focuses on microbiota-host homeostasis, its alterations, factors that influence microbiome composition and discusses their putative correlation with T1D development. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role played by microbiota modifications in the processes that cause enhanced permeability and the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for T1D onset.
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Metadaten
Titel
On the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the role of microbiota
verfasst von
Elena Gianchecchi
Alessandra Fierabracci
Publikationsdatum
16.07.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Immunologic Research / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-016-8832-8

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