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Erschienen in: Die Onkologie 5/2021

29.03.2021 | Solide Tumoren | Leitthema

Solide Tumoren im Kindesalter

verfasst von: J. Fuchs, S. W. Warmann, Prof. Dr. med. F. Eckoldt

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 5/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Maligne Erkrankungen sind bei Kindern insgesamt selten. Mit einer Inzidenz von 13,7 Neuerkrankungen auf 100.000 Kinder pro Jahr ist in Deutschland zu rechnen. Unter diesen dominieren mit etwa 46 % Leukämien und Lymphome. Mit etwa 20 % folgen die malignen Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems. Dann folgen in absteigender Reihe Tumoren des sympathischen Nervensystems, Weichteilsarkome, Nierentumoren, Knochentumoren und Keimzelltumoren. Mehr als 90 % aller an Krebs erkrankten Kinder und Jugendlichen in Deutschland werden nach einheitlichen Standards behandelt. Dazu werden sie in die kontinuierlich durchgeführten Therapieoptimierungsstudien eingeschlossen, welche die gesamte Behandlung einschließlich der chirurgischen Therapie umfassen.

Ziel

Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist die Darstellung aktueller studiengerechter Behandlungsprinzipien solider Tumoren im Kindesalter unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der operativen Therapie.

Material und Methoden

Die Arbeit basiert auf selektiven Recherchen in der Datenbank PubMed zu den einzelnen Entitäten.

Ergebnisse

Die chirurgische Lokaltherapie hat entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Überleben von Kindern mit Weichteilsarkomen. Neuroblastome sind die häufigsten extrakraniellen soliden Tumoren bei Kindern und sehr komplex hinsichtlich ihrer Tumorbiologie und der anatomischen Lokalisationen. Hepatoblastome stellen die häufigsten primär malignen Lebertumoren im Kindesalter dar. Die aktuelle Stratifizierung (CHIC, Children’s Hepatic Tumors International Collaboration) sieht ausdrücklich die histologische Diagnosesicherung vor Therapiebeginn vor. Die Fortschritte in der interdisziplinären Therapie des Wilms-Tumors bis hin zu einer durchschnittlichen Überlebensrate von über 90 % sind das Ergebnis umfassender internationaler Studien.
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Metadaten
Titel
Solide Tumoren im Kindesalter
verfasst von
J. Fuchs
S. W. Warmann
Prof. Dr. med. F. Eckoldt
Publikationsdatum
29.03.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 5/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-021-00930-x

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