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Erschienen in: coloproctology 1/2019

17.12.2018 | Ileostoma | Leitthema

Operative Therapie der Colitis ulcerosa

Indikation, Ausmaß und Techniken

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. C. Holmer, M. E. Kreis

Erschienen in: coloproctology | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Im Gegensatz zum Morbus Crohn ist der intestinale Befall der Colitis ulcerosa durch eine Proktokolektomie heilbar. Die ileoanale Pouchanlage stellt ein sphinktererhaltendes Verfahren dar, was insbesondere für die häufig jungen Patienten hinsichtlich ihrer Lebensqualität entscheidend ist.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die wesentlichen Aspekte der operativen Therapie der Colitis ulcerosa werden erläutert.

Material und Methoden

Relevante Arbeiten wurden selektioniert und weiterführende Recherchen anhand der Literaturverzeichnisse unternommen.

Ergebnisse

Neben dem therapierefraktären Verlauf als häufigste Operationsindikation stellt die Entwicklung von intraepithelialen Neoplasien oder Karzinomen eine weitere wichtige Indikation dar. Die Proktokolektomie mit ileoanaler Pouchanlage hat sich als Standardoperation durchgesetzt, wenngleich das terminale Ileostoma hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität vergleichbar ist. Insbesondere in der Notfallsituation, bei langfristiger Steroideinnahme sowie Biologikatherapie sollte die restaurative Proktokolektomie als dreizeitiges Verfahren durchgeführt werden. Die Kolektomie mit einer Ileorektostomie sollte selektionierten Ausnahmefällen vorbehalten sein. Hinsichtlich funktioneller Ergebnisse scheint die Stapler-Anastomose unter Belassung der analen Transitionalzone bei der pouchanalen Anastomose tendenziell besser zu sein als die Handnaht mit Mukosektomie. Die minimal-invasiven Techniken haben gegenüber der konventionellen Operation insbesondere im frühpostoperativen Verlauf Vorteile.

Schlussfolgerung

Die restaurative Proktokolektomie mit ileoanaler Pouchanlage hat sich als Standardverfahren bei der operativen Behandlung der Colitis ulcerosa etabliert, womit eine hohe Lebensqualität mit einem Kontinenzerhalt bei einem Großteil der Patienten erreicht wird.
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Metadaten
Titel
Operative Therapie der Colitis ulcerosa
Indikation, Ausmaß und Techniken
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. C. Holmer
M. E. Kreis
Publikationsdatum
17.12.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
coloproctology / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0174-2442
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6730
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00053-018-0319-8

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