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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 1/2009

01.01.2009 | Schmerztherapie

Opioidinduzierter Pruritus

Mechanismen und therapeutische Ansätze

verfasst von: M. Schmelz, MD

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 1/2009

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Zusammenfassung

In der Erforschung von Interaktionen zwischen Schmerz und Juckreiz sind in den letzten Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt worden. Über die bekannte Hemmung von Juckreiz durch schmerzhafte Reize (z. B. kratzen) hinaus wurde durch die Entdeckung von juckreizspezifischen neuronalen Verarbeitungsbahnen eine Grundlage zur Erklärung von opioidinduziertem Juckreiz geschaffen. Während traditionell die mastzelldegranulierende Wirkung von Opioiden als wesentlicher Mechanismus angenommen wurde, ist nunmehr klar, dass Opioide auch auf spinaler Ebene Juckreiz auslösen können: Spinale Juckreizneurone werden tonisch von Hinterhornneuronen des Schmerzsystems gehemmt. Wird diese Hemmung durch Opioide geschwächt, werden die so disinhibierten Juckreizneurone aktiv und vermitteln Juckreiz, ohne dass primäre Afferenzen in der Peripherie erregt werden. Die spinale Auslösung von Juckreiz wird insbesondere bei der Aktivierung von µ-Opioidrezeptoren (μ-OR) beobachtet, während κ-OR überraschenderweise den Juckreiz unterdrücken. Die therapeutischen Implikationen dieser Interaktionen werden im vorliegenden Beitrag ausgeführt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Opioidinduzierter Pruritus
Mechanismen und therapeutische Ansätze
verfasst von
M. Schmelz, MD
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 1/2009
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-008-1478-8

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