Background
Methods
Study Design
Sample Size Determination
Sampling Frame and Sample Selection
Measurements
Procedures
Data Analysis
Results
Characteristic | % (N) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Total
|
Community
|
LTC
| |
100 (1461)
|
77.4 (1131)
|
22.6 (330)
| |
Age (yrs)
| |||
45 – 64 | 45.3 (662) |
55.6 (629)
|
10 (33)
|
65 and over | 54.7 (799) |
44.4 (502)
|
90 (297)
|
Sex
| |||
Male | 34.5 (504) |
37.1 (420)
|
25.5 (84)
|
Female | 65.5 (957) |
62.9 (711)
|
74.5 (246)
|
Education Level
| |||
More than high school | 49.3 (718) |
57.6 (649)
|
21.0 (69)
|
High school or less | 50.7 (738) |
42.4 (478)
|
79.0 (260)
|
Community Type
| |||
Urban | 59.1 (864) | 59.2 (669) | 59.1 (195) |
Rural | 40.9 (597) | 40.8 (462) | 40.9 (135) |
Annual Household Income
| |||
More than $30,000 | 57.6 (643) |
72.0 (618)
|
9.7 (25)
|
Less than $30,000 | 42.4 (474) |
28.0 (240)
|
90.3 (234)
|
Dental Insurance
| |||
Yes | 43.5 (621) |
50.7 (568)
|
17.3 (53)
|
No | 56.5 (806) |
49.3 (553)
|
82.7 (253)
|
Country of Birth
| |||
Canada | 90.3 (1316) | 90.3 (1018) | 90.3 (298) |
Other | 9.7 (141) | 9.7 (109) | 9.7 (32) |
Frequency of Dental Visits
| |||
1+ times per year | 59.9 (862) |
70.1 (782)
|
24.7 (80)
|
< 1 times per year | 40.1 (578) |
29.9 (334)
|
75.3 (244)
|
Dentate status
| |||
Dentate | 81.8 (878) |
91.9 (684)
|
59.0 (194)
|
Edentulous | 18.2 (195) |
8.1 (60)
|
41.0 (135)
|
Brushing Frequency (dentate only)
| |||
2+ times per day | 74.2 (650) |
79.3 (541)
|
56.2 (109)
|
< 2 times per day | 25.8 (226) |
20.7 (141)
|
43.8 (85)
|
Flossing Frequency (dentate only)
| |||
1+ times per day | 35.2 (299) |
40.3 (268)
|
16.8 (31)
|
< 1 times per day | 64.8 (551) |
59.7 (397)
|
83.2 (154)
|
Smoking Frequency
| |||
Occasionally or not at all | 88.4 (1288) |
87.3 (985)
|
92.1 (303)
|
Daily | 11.6 (169) |
12.7 (143)
|
7.9 (26)
|
Characteristic | % (N) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Total
|
Community
|
LTC
| |
100 (1461)
|
77.4 (1131)
|
22.6 (330)
| |
Perceived General Health
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 80.0 (1167) |
84.1 (950)
|
66.0 (217)
|
Fair or poor | 20.0 (292) |
15.9 (180)
|
34.0 (112)
|
Perceived Quality of Life
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 89.8 (1305) |
92.8 (1049)
|
79.0 (256)
|
Fair or poor | 10.2 (149) |
7.2 (81)
|
21.0 (68)
|
Perceived Mouth Health
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 79.9 (1161) |
81.1 (916)
|
75.6 (245)
|
Fair or poor | 20.1 (292) |
18.9 (213)
|
24.4 (79)
|
Oral Pain
| |||
No oral pain | 69.0 (743) |
66.0 (493)
|
75.8 (250)
|
Mouth, dental, jaw or other pain | 31.0 (334) |
34.0 (254)
|
24.2 (80)
|
Satisfaction with Teeth/Dentures
| |||
Very satisfied/ satisfied/ neither | 85.4 (1235) | 85.4 (1235) | 84.9 (269) |
satisfied or dissatisfied | 14.6 (211) | 14.6 (211) | 15.1 (48) |
Dissatisfied or very dissatisfied |
Dimension and description of item | Distribution of responses% | Mean (SD) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
“Because of trouble with your teeth, mouth or dentures during the last year, …” | Never (0)/Hardly Ever (1) | Occasionally (2) | Fairly Often (3)/Very Often (4) | ||||||||
Comm. | LTC | Comm. | LTC | Comm. | LTC | Community | LTC | ||||
Functional limitation
| |||||||||||
have you had trouble pronouncing any words? | 92.9 | 86.7 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 2.0 | 6.1 | 0.09 (0.35) | 0.19 (0.53) | |||
have you felt that your sense of taste has worsened? | 88.5 | 88.8 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 0.16 (0.46) | 0.17 (0.49) | |||
Physical pain
| |||||||||||
have you had painful aching in your mouth? | 79.7 | 83.6 | 15.2 | 11.8 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 0.25 (0.54) | 0.21 (0.51) | |||
have you found it uncomfortable to eat any foods? | 74.8 | 73.3 | 17.5 | 14.6 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 0.33 (0.61) | 0.39 (0.69) | |||
Psychological discomfort
| |||||||||||
have you been self-conscious? | 78.7 | 74.5 | 13.1 | 14.0 | 8.2 | 11.6 | 0.29 (0.61) | 0.37 (0.68) | |||
have you felt tense? | 80.2 | 84.4 | 12.4 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 0.27 (0.59) | 0.23 (0.58) | |||
Physical disability
| |||||||||||
has your diet been unsatisfactory? | 86.3 | 84.5 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 0.20 (0.53) | 0.23 (0.58) | |||
have you had to interrupt meals? | 91.0 | 88.8 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 0.12 (0.41) | 0.16 (0.47) | |||
Psychological disability
| |||||||||||
have you found it difficult to relax? | 85.4 | 88.4 | 9.6 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 0.20 (0.51) | 0.17 (0.49) | |||
have you been a bit embarrassed? | 83.8 | 82.4 | 12.2 | 7.9 | 4.0 | 9.7 | 0.20 (0.49) | 0.27 (0.63) | |||
Social disability
| |||||||||||
have you been a bit irritable with other people? | 86.1 | 89.1 | 10.6 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.17 (0.46) | 0.15 (0.45) | |||
have you had difficulty doing your usual jobs? | 93.8 | 93.9 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 0.09 (0.35) | 0.09 (0.38) | |||
Handicap
| |||||||||||
have you felt that life in general was less satisfying? | 89.7 | 87.2 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 0.14 (0.44) | 0.19 (0.53) | |||
have you been totally unable to function? | 96.1 | 95.1 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 0.05 (0.28) | 0.07 (0.34) |
Dimension | Prevalence: % reporting 1+ impacts fairly/very often (no.) | Extent: mean no. of items reported fairly/very often (SD) | Severity: mean OHIP-14 score (SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community
|
LTC
|
Community
|
LTC
|
Community
|
LTC
| |
Functional limitation |
5.4 (61)
|
9.4 (31)
|
0.06 (0.26)
|
0.11 (0.37)
|
0.56 (1.20)
|
0.69 (1.48)
|
Physical pain |
9.6 (109)
|
13.9 (46)
| 0.13 (0.42) | 0.17 (0.44) | 1.25 (1.81) | 1.17 (1.85) |
Psychological discomfort | 12.0 (136) | 13.6 (45) |
0.15 (0.45)
|
0.19 (0.51)
| 1.16 (1.86) | 1.14 (2.03) |
Physical disability | 7.6 (86) | 7.9 (26) |
0.09 (0.33)
|
0.12 (0.44)
|
0.69 (1.40)
|
0.76 (1.78)
|
Psychological disability |
7.3 (82)
|
11.5 (38)
|
0.09 (0.34)
|
0.15 (0.44)
| 0.85 (1.59) | 0.85 (1.81) |
Social disability | 4.7 (53) | 4.2 (14) | 0.06 (0.27) | 0.07 (0.33) |
0.59 (1.32)
|
0.46 (1.32)
|
Handicap |
4.1 (46)
|
6.7 (22)
|
0.05 (0.26)
|
0.09 (0.34)
|
0.47 (1.19)
|
0.51 (1.43)
|
Total OHIP-14 score | 25.8 (291) | 24.8 (82) |
0.63 (1.59)
|
0.89 (2.24)
| 5.57 (7.57) | 5.57 (9.58) |
Community | LTC | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-seniors (n=629) | Seniors (n=501) | P-value | Pre-seniors (n=33) | Seniors (n=297) | P-value | |
Prevalence: % reporting 1+ impacts fairly/very often (no.) | 28.8 (181) | 22.0 (110) |
0.009
*
| 21.2 (7) | 25.3 (75) | 0.610
*
|
Extent: mean no. of items reported fairly/very often (SD) | 0.73 (1.73) | 0.49 (1.40) |
0.007
**
| 0.45 (1.33) | 0.94 (2.32) | 0.456** |
Severity: mean OHIP-14 score (SD) | 6.22 (8.0) | 4.75 (6.92) |
<0.001
**
| 4.30 (7.29) | 5.71 (9.80) | 0.867** |
Characteristic | % (N) | ||
---|---|---|---|
No Impacts
|
1+ Impacts
|
P-value
| |
Age (yrs)
| |||
45 – 64 | 71.2 (448) | 28.8 (181) | 0.009 |
65 and over | 78.0 (391) | 22.0 (110) | |
Community Type
| |||
Urban | 79.2 (529) | 20.8 (139) | < 0.001 |
Rural | 67.1 (310) | 32.9 (152) | |
Sex
| |||
Male | 78.3 (328) | 21.7 (91) | 0.017 |
Female | 71.9 (511) | 28.1 (200) | |
Education Level
| |||
More than high school | 78.3 (508) | 21.7 (141) | < 0.001 |
High school or less | 68.6 (328) | 31.4 (150) | |
Annual Household Income
| |||
More than $30,000 | 77.0 (476) | 23.0 (142) | < 0.001 |
Less than $30,000 | 64.2 (154) | 35.8 (86) | |
Dental Insurance
| |||
Yes | 75.9 (431) | 24.1 (137) | 0.278 |
No | 73.1 (404) | 26.9 (149) | |
Country of Birth
| |||
Canada | 74.8 (761) | 25.2 (256) | 0.341 |
Other | 70.6 (77) | 29.4 (32) | |
Frequency of Dental Visits
| |||
1+ times per year | 77.7 (608) | 22.3 (174) | < 0.001 |
< 1 time per year | 65.6 (219) | 34.4 (115) | |
Dentate Status
| |||
Dentate | 76.3 (524) | 23.7 (163) | 0.169 |
Edentulous | 68.3 (41) | 31.7 (19) | |
Smoking Frequency
| |||
Occasionally or not at all | 75.8 (747) | 24.2 (238) | 0.003 |
Daily | 64.3 (92) | 35.7 (51) | |
Oral Pain
| |||
No | 82.8 (408) | 17.2 (85) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 61.8 (157) | 38.2 (97) | |
Perceived General Health
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 77.9 (740) | 22.1 (210) | < 0.001 |
Fair or poor | 55.0 (99) | 45.0 (81) | |
Perceived Mouth Health
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 79.7 (730) | 20.3 (186) | < 0.001 |
Fair or poor | 50.7 (108) | 49.3 (105) | |
Satisfaction with Teeth or Dentures
| |||
Satisfied | 79.5 (768) | 20.5 (198) | < 0.001 |
Dissatisfied | 42.9 (70) | 57.1 (93) | |
Perceived Quality of Life
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 76.5 (803) | 23.5 (246) | < 0.001 |
Fair or poor | 44.4 (36) | 55.6 (45) |
% (N) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | No Impacts | 1+ Impacts | P-value |
45 – 64 | 78.8 (26) | 21.2 (7) | 0.610 |
65 and over | 74.7 (222) | 25.3 (75) | |
Urban | 76.9 (150) | 23.1 (45) | 0.371 |
Rural | 72.6 (98) | 27.4 (37) | |
Sex
| |||
Male | 73.8 (62) | 26.2 (22) | 0.742 |
Female | 75.6 (186) | 24.4 (60) | |
Education Level
| |||
More than high school | 84.1 (58) | 15.9 (11) | 0.052 |
High school or less | 72.7 (189) | 27.3 (71) | |
Annual Household Income
| |||
More than $30,000 | 88.0 (22) | 12.0 (3) | 0.081 |
Less than $30,000 | 71.8 (168) | 28.2 (66) | |
Dental Insurance
| |||
Yes | 79.2 (42) | 20.8 (11) | 0.384 |
No | 73.5 (186) | 26.5 (67) | |
Country of Birth
| |||
Canada | 74.8 (223) | 25.2 (75) | 0.682 |
Other | 78.1 (25) | 21.9 (7) | |
Frequency of Dental Visits
| |||
1+ times per year | 76.3 (61) | 23.8 (19) | 0.766 |
< 1 time per year | 74.6 (182) | 25.4 (62) | |
Dentate Status
| |||
Dentate | 75.3 (146) | 24.7 (48) | 0.957 |
Edentulous | 75.0 (102) | 25.0 (34) | |
Smoking Frequency
| |||
Occasionally or not at all | 76.2 (231) | 23.8 (72) | 0.096 |
Daily | 61.5 (16) | 38.5 (10) | |
Oral Pain
| |||
No | 79.6 (199) | 20.4 (51) | 0.001 |
Yes | 61.3 (49) | 38.8 (31) | |
Perceived General Health
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 81.1 (176) | 18.9 (41) | 0.001 |
Fair or poor | 64.3 (72) | 35.7 (40) | |
Perceived Mouth Health
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 85.7 (210) | 14.3 (35) | < 0.001 |
Fair or poor | 40.5 (32) | 59.5 (47) | |
Satisfaction with Teeth or Dentures
| |||
Satisfied | 81.0 (218) | 19.0 (51) | < 0.001 |
Dissatisfied | 56.3 (27) | 43.8 (21) | |
Perceived Quality of Life
| |||
Excellent/ very good/ good | 80.5 (206) | 19.5 (50) | < 0.001 |
Fair or poor | 54.4 (37) | 45.6 (31) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI for Odds Ratio | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Living in a rural area | 2.07 | 1.35 – 3.17 | 0.001 |
Having oral pain | 1.87 | 1.21 – 2.88 | 0.005 |
Born outside of Canada | 1.97 | 1.01 – 3.85 | 0.048 |
Fair or poor perceived mouth health | 2.19 | 1.30 – 3.71 | 0.003 |
Dissatisfaction with teeth or dentures | 5.16 | 2.87 – 9.27 | <0.001 |
Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI for Odds Ratio | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
High school education or less | 2.29 | 1.05 – 5.00 | 0.039 |
Fair of poor perceived mouth health | 9.49 | 5.27 – 17.09 | <0.001 |