Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Urologe 9/2012

01.09.2012 | Übersichten

Organbegrenztes Prostatakarzinom mit positivem Resektionsrand

Stellenwert der adjuvanten Radiatio

verfasst von: Dr. D. Porres, D. Pfister, B. Brehmer, A. Heidenreich

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 9/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Beim pT3-Prostatakarzinom mit positivem Resektionsrand ist der Stellenwert der postoperativen Strahlentherapie durch eine hohe Evidenzlage belegt. In der pT2 R1-Situation stehen prospektiv randomisierte Studien bezüglich dieser Frage jedoch derzeit noch aus. Trotz besserer lokaler Tumorkontrolle im pT2-Stadium liegt die PSA-Rezidivrate zwischen 25 und 40% und der positive Absetzungsrand ist ein unabhängiger Faktor für ein Rezidiv. Retrospektive Studien suggerieren den positiven Effekt einer adjuvanten oder Salvageradiatio für das onkologische Outcome in der pT2 R1-Situation. Andererseits ist trotz moderner Bestrahlungstechnik das Nebenwirkungsprofil mit potentiell negativer Beeinflussung der postoperativen Kontinenzerlangung und diverser Spättoxizitäten nicht unerheblich und sollte im Zeitalter ultrasensitiver PSA-Analysen in der Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung Beachtung finden. Solange der optimale Beginn der postoperativen Strahlentherapie ungeklärt ist, sollte die Indikationsstellung zu einer adjuvanten oder Salvageradiatio beim organbegrenzten Prostatakarzinom mit positivem Resektionsrand nach einer individuellen Patientenberatung und unter Berücksichtigung der Rezidivrisikofaktoren wie des Gleason-Grades, der Lokalisation und Ausdehnung des Resektionsrandes erfolgen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abern M, Dude A, Coogan C et al (2011) Secondary bladder cancer after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. J Urol 185(4 Suppl):190CrossRef Abern M, Dude A, Coogan C et al (2011) Secondary bladder cancer after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. J Urol 185(4 Suppl):190CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Blute M, Bostwick D, Seay T et al (1998) Pathologic classifiaction of prostate carcinoma: impact of margin status. Cancer 82:902PubMedCrossRef Blute M, Bostwick D, Seay T et al (1998) Pathologic classifiaction of prostate carcinoma: impact of margin status. Cancer 82:902PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolla M, van Poppel H, Collette J et al (2005) Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet 366:572–578PubMedCrossRef Bolla M, van Poppel H, Collette J et al (2005) Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet 366:572–578PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bottke D, Wiegel T (2007) Adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: Indications, results and side effects. Urol Int 78:193–197PubMedCrossRef Bottke D, Wiegel T (2007) Adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: Indications, results and side effects. Urol Int 78:193–197PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Budiharto T, Perneel C, Haustermans K et al (2010) A multi-institutional analysis comparing adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy for high-risk prostate cancer patients with undetectable PSA after prostatectomy. Radiother Oncol 97:474–479PubMedCrossRef Budiharto T, Perneel C, Haustermans K et al (2010) A multi-institutional analysis comparing adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy for high-risk prostate cancer patients with undetectable PSA after prostatectomy. Radiother Oncol 97:474–479PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cao D, Humphrey PA, Gao F et al (2011) Ability of linear length of positive margin in radical prostatectomy specimens to predict biochemical recurrence. Urology 77:1409–1414PubMedCrossRef Cao D, Humphrey PA, Gao F et al (2011) Ability of linear length of positive margin in radical prostatectomy specimens to predict biochemical recurrence. Urology 77:1409–1414PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Collette L, van Poppel, Bolla M et al (2005) European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Radiotherapy and Genitourinary Groups: Patients at high risk of progression after radical prostatectomy: do they all benefit from immediate post-operative irradiation? (EORTC trial 22911). Eur J Cancer 41:2662–2672PubMedCrossRef Collette L, van Poppel, Bolla M et al (2005) European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Radiotherapy and Genitourinary Groups: Patients at high risk of progression after radical prostatectomy: do they all benefit from immediate post-operative irradiation? (EORTC trial 22911). Eur J Cancer 41:2662–2672PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzarini C, Montorsi F, Fiorino C et al (2009) Need for high radiation dose (( or ( 70 Gy) in early postoperative irradiation after radical prostatectomy: a single-instituion analysis of 334 high-risk, node-negative patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75(4):966–974PubMedCrossRef Cozzarini C, Montorsi F, Fiorino C et al (2009) Need for high radiation dose (( or ( 70 Gy) in early postoperative irradiation after radical prostatectomy: a single-instituion analysis of 334 high-risk, node-negative patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75(4):966–974PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Amico AV, Chen M, Sun L et al (2010) Adjuvant versus salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer and the risk of death. BJU Int 106(11):1618–1622CrossRef D’Amico AV, Chen M, Sun L et al (2010) Adjuvant versus salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer and the risk of death. BJU Int 106(11):1618–1622CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Dillman RO, Hafer R, Cox C, McClure S (2011) Overall survival benefit from radiation therapy for organ-confined, margin-positive prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79(3):719–723PubMedCrossRef Dillman RO, Hafer R, Cox C, McClure S (2011) Overall survival benefit from radiation therapy for organ-confined, margin-positive prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79(3):719–723PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Elshaikh MA, Ibrahim DR, Stricker H, Peabody JO (2011) Adjuvant radiation treatment after prostatectomy. Where do we stand? Can J Urol 18(2):5592–5600PubMed Elshaikh MA, Ibrahim DR, Stricker H, Peabody JO (2011) Adjuvant radiation treatment after prostatectomy. Where do we stand? Can J Urol 18(2):5592–5600PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Feng M, Hanlon AL, Pisansky TM et al (2007) Predictive factors for late genitourinary and gastroinstestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer treated with adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy. Int J radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68:1417–1423PubMedCrossRef Feng M, Hanlon AL, Pisansky TM et al (2007) Predictive factors for late genitourinary and gastroinstestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer treated with adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy. Int J radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68:1417–1423PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallina A, Di Trapani E, Bianchi M et al (2011) Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the rate of urinary continence recovery after radical prostatectomy in intermediate and high risk prostate cancer patients. Eur Urol 10(Suppl 2):216–217 Gallina A, Di Trapani E, Bianchi M et al (2011) Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the rate of urinary continence recovery after radical prostatectomy in intermediate and high risk prostate cancer patients. Eur Urol 10(Suppl 2):216–217
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Heidenreich A, Bellmunt J, Bolla M et al (2011) EAU Guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis and treatment of clinically localised disease. Eur Urol 59:61–71PubMedCrossRef Heidenreich A, Bellmunt J, Bolla M et al (2011) EAU Guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis and treatment of clinically localised disease. Eur Urol 59:61–71PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hull G, Rabbani F, Abbas F et al (2002) Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Urol 167:528–534PubMedCrossRef Hull G, Rabbani F, Abbas F et al (2002) Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Urol 167:528–534PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Isbarn H, Wanner M, Salomon G et al (2010) Long-term data on the survival of patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy in the prostate-specific antigen era. BJU Int 106(1):37–43PubMedCrossRef Isbarn H, Wanner M, Salomon G et al (2010) Long-term data on the survival of patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy in the prostate-specific antigen era. BJU Int 106(1):37–43PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E (2010) Cancer statistics, 2010 CA. Cancer J Clin 60:277–300CrossRef Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E (2010) Cancer statistics, 2010 CA. Cancer J Clin 60:277–300CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jereczek-Fossa B, Zerini D, Vavassori A et al (2009) Sooner or later? Outcome analysis of 431 prostate cancer patients treated with postoperative or salvage radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:115–125PubMedCrossRef Jereczek-Fossa B, Zerini D, Vavassori A et al (2009) Sooner or later? Outcome analysis of 431 prostate cancer patients treated with postoperative or salvage radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:115–125PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kane C, Im R, Amling C et al (2010) Outcomes after radical prostatectomy among men who are candidates for active surveillance: results from the SEARCH database. Urology 176:695–700CrossRef Kane C, Im R, Amling C et al (2010) Outcomes after radical prostatectomy among men who are candidates for active surveillance: results from the SEARCH database. Urology 176:695–700CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Karakiewicz PI, Eastham JA, Graefen M et al (2005) Prognostic impact of positive surgical margins in surgically treated prostate cancer: multi-institutional assessment of 5831 patients. Urology 66(6):1245–1250PubMedCrossRef Karakiewicz PI, Eastham JA, Graefen M et al (2005) Prognostic impact of positive surgical margins in surgically treated prostate cancer: multi-institutional assessment of 5831 patients. Urology 66(6):1245–1250PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat King CR (2011) Adjuvant radiotherapy after prostatectomy: does waiting for a detectable prostate-specific antigen level make sense? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 80(1):1–3PubMedCrossRef King CR (2011) Adjuvant radiotherapy after prostatectomy: does waiting for a detectable prostate-specific antigen level make sense? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 80(1):1–3PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Kupelian P, Katcher J, Levin HS et al (1996) Correlation of clinical and pathological factors with rising prostatic specific antigen profiles after radical prostatectomy alone for clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 48:249PubMedCrossRef Kupelian P, Katcher J, Levin HS et al (1996) Correlation of clinical and pathological factors with rising prostatic specific antigen profiles after radical prostatectomy alone for clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 48:249PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kupelian PA, Katcher J, Levin HS et al (1997) Staging T1–2 prostate cancer: a multivariate analysis of factors affecting biochemical and clinical failures after radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37(5):1043–1052PubMedCrossRef Kupelian PA, Katcher J, Levin HS et al (1997) Staging T1–2 prostate cancer: a multivariate analysis of factors affecting biochemical and clinical failures after radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37(5):1043–1052PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Leibovich B, Engen D, Patterson D et al (2000) Benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer with a positive surgical margin. J Urol 163:1178–1182PubMedCrossRef Leibovich B, Engen D, Patterson D et al (2000) Benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer with a positive surgical margin. J Urol 163:1178–1182PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin T, Wenz F, Böhmer D et al (2010) Strahlentherapie des Prostatakarzinoms in der neuen S3-Leitlinie. Urologe 49:216–220PubMedCrossRef Martin T, Wenz F, Böhmer D et al (2010) Strahlentherapie des Prostatakarzinoms in der neuen S3-Leitlinie. Urologe 49:216–220PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathieu R, Delobel JB, Chira C et al (2011) Factors increasing late urinary toxicity in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Eur Urol Suppl 10(2):52CrossRef Mathieu R, Delobel JB, Chira C et al (2011) Factors increasing late urinary toxicity in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Eur Urol Suppl 10(2):52CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M et al (2011) EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of advanced, relapsing and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 59(4):572–583PubMedCrossRef Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M et al (2011) EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of advanced, relapsing and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 59(4):572–583PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Radiation Therapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in treating patients who have undergone surgery for prostate cancer (RADICALS). http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00541047 Radiation Therapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in treating patients who have undergone surgery for prostate cancer (RADICALS). http://​clinicaltrials.​gov/​ct2/​show/​NCT00541047
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel AR, Stephenson AJ (2011) Radiation therapy for prostate cancer after prostatectomy: adjuvant or salvage? Nat Rev Urol 8:385–395PubMedCrossRef Patel AR, Stephenson AJ (2011) Radiation therapy for prostate cancer after prostatectomy: adjuvant or salvage? Nat Rev Urol 8:385–395PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Paulson D, Moul J, Walther P (1990) Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1–2N0M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma: long-term results. J Urol 144:1180–1188PubMed Paulson D, Moul J, Walther P (1990) Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1–2N0M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma: long-term results. J Urol 144:1180–1188PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollack A, Zargas GK, Starkschall G (2002) Prostate cancer radiation dose response: Results of the M. D. Anderson phase III randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53:1097–1105PubMedCrossRef Pollack A, Zargas GK, Starkschall G (2002) Prostate cancer radiation dose response: Results of the M. D. Anderson phase III randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53:1097–1105PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosas-Nava J, Herranz-Amo F, Panos-Fagundo E et al (2011) Value of positive resection margins in patients with pT2 prostate cancer. Implications for adjuvant treatment. Actas Urol Esp 35:272–276PubMedCrossRef Rosas-Nava J, Herranz-Amo F, Panos-Fagundo E et al (2011) Value of positive resection margins in patients with pT2 prostate cancer. Implications for adjuvant treatment. Actas Urol Esp 35:272–276PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Savdie R, Horvath LG, Benito RP et al (2011) High Gleason grade carcinoma at a positive surgical margin predicts biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy and may guide adjuvant radiotherapy. BJU Int (Epub ahead of print), doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10572.x Savdie R, Horvath LG, Benito RP et al (2011) High Gleason grade carcinoma at a positive surgical margin predicts biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy and may guide adjuvant radiotherapy. BJU Int (Epub ahead of print), doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10572.x
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Shipley WU, Hunt D, Lukka H et al (2010) Initial report of RTOG 9601: A phase III trial in prostate cancer: Anti-androgen therapy (AAT) with Bicalutamide during and after radiation therapy (RT) improves freedom from progression and reduces the incidence of metastatic disease in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) with pT2–3, N0 disease, and elevated PSA levels. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78(3 Suppl):27CrossRef Shipley WU, Hunt D, Lukka H et al (2010) Initial report of RTOG 9601: A phase III trial in prostate cancer: Anti-androgen therapy (AAT) with Bicalutamide during and after radiation therapy (RT) improves freedom from progression and reduces the incidence of metastatic disease in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) with pT2–3, N0 disease, and elevated PSA levels. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78(3 Suppl):27CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Spahn M Weiss C, Bader P et al (2010) Long-term outcome of patients with high-risk prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy and stage dependent adrogen deprevation. Urol Int 84:164–173PubMedCrossRef Spahn M Weiss C, Bader P et al (2010) Long-term outcome of patients with high-risk prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy and stage dependent adrogen deprevation. Urol Int 84:164–173PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW et al (2007) Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 25:2035–2041PubMedCrossRef Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW et al (2007) Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 25:2035–2041PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Stephenson AJ, Shariat SF, Zelefsky MJ et al (2004) Salvage radiotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 291(11):1325–1332PubMedCrossRef Stephenson AJ, Shariat SF, Zelefsky MJ et al (2004) Salvage radiotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 291(11):1325–1332PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Stephenson AJ, Wood DP, Kattan MW et al (2009) Location, extent and number of positive surgical margins do not improve accuracy of predicting prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 182:1357–1363PubMedCrossRef Stephenson AJ, Wood DP, Kattan MW et al (2009) Location, extent and number of positive surgical margins do not improve accuracy of predicting prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 182:1357–1363PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan PH, Cheng L, Srigley JR et al (2011) International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens. Working group 5: surgical margins. Mod Pathol 24:48–57PubMedCrossRef Tan PH, Cheng L, Srigley JR et al (2011) International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens. Working group 5: surgical margins. Mod Pathol 24:48–57PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson I, Tangen C, Paradelo J et al (2009) Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathological T3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduces risk of metastases and improves survival: Long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. J Urol 181:956–962PubMedCrossRef Thompson I, Tangen C, Paradelo J et al (2009) Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathological T3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduces risk of metastases and improves survival: Long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. J Urol 181:956–962PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat TROG 08.03 trial (2011) A phase III multi-centre randomised trial comparing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with surveillance and early salvage RT in patients with positive margin or extraprostatic disease following radical prostatectomy. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00860652?term ( TROG%2008.03&rank ( 1 TROG 08.03 trial (2011) A phase III multi-centre randomised trial comparing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with surveillance and early salvage RT in patients with positive margin or extraprostatic disease following radical prostatectomy. http://​www.​clinicaltrials.​gov/​ct2/​show/​NCT00860652?​term ( TROG%2008.03&rank ( 1
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Valicenti RK, Gomella LG, Ismail M et al (1998) Effect of higher radiation dose on biochemical control after radical prostatectomy for pT3N0 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42(3):501–506PubMedCrossRef Valicenti RK, Gomella LG, Ismail M et al (1998) Effect of higher radiation dose on biochemical control after radical prostatectomy for pT3N0 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42(3):501–506PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiegel T, Bottke D, Steiner U et al (2009) Phase III Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone in pT3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostate specific antigen: ARO 96–02/AUO 09/95J Clin Oncol 27:2924–2930 Wiegel T, Bottke D, Steiner U et al (2009) Phase III Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone in pT3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostate specific antigen: ARO 96–02/AUO 09/95J Clin Oncol 27:2924–2930
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiegel T, Hakenberg O, Heidenreich A et al (Version 1.03–März 2011) Interdisziplinäre Leitlinie der Qualität S3 zur Früherkennung, Diagnose und Therapie der verschiedenen Stadien des Prostatakarzinoms. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V., Berlin Wiegel T, Hakenberg O, Heidenreich A et al (Version 1.03–März 2011) Interdisziplinäre Leitlinie der Qualität S3 zur Früherkennung, Diagnose und Therapie der verschiedenen Stadien des Prostatakarzinoms. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V., Berlin
Metadaten
Titel
Organbegrenztes Prostatakarzinom mit positivem Resektionsrand
Stellenwert der adjuvanten Radiatio
verfasst von
Dr. D. Porres
D. Pfister
B. Brehmer
A. Heidenreich
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 9/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-012-2871-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2012

Der Urologe 9/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Berufspolitik BDU

Berufspolitik BDU

Neu im Fachgebiet Urologie

19.04.2024 | EAU 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

Ureterstriktur: Innovative OP-Technik bewährt sich

19.04.2024 | EAU 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

Prostatakarzinom: EU initiiert neues Screeningkonzept

19.04.2024 | EAU 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

Blasenkarzinom – Biomarker statt Zytologie?

Update Urologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.