Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie 2/2017

22.05.2017 | Schwerpunkt

Outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias

Electrocardiographic features in relation to mapping and ablation

verfasst von: Deepak Padmanabhan, Alan Sugrue, Prakriti Gaba, Dr. Samuel J Asirvatham

Erschienen in: Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Ventricular arrhythmia arising from the outflow tracts can manifest itself as frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), salvos of ventricular tachycardia (VT), and/or sustained VT. It is amenable to management with medication and catheter ablation without need for an intracardiac defibrillator. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a crucial tool in the management of these patients as it is can help localize the site of origin, thereby helping guide the electrophysiologist. An appreciation of the unique anatomy of the outflow tracts as well as their relationships with the surrounding structures is essential in interpreting the ECG. In this review, we examine the ECG features of the various outflow tract arrhythmia morphologies with a focus on anatomy and provide an approach to the ablation of these abnormal rhythms.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa M et al (2002) Gender differences in various types of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13(7):633–638CrossRefPubMed Nakagawa M et al (2002) Gender differences in various types of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13(7):633–638CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim RJ et al (2007) Clinical and electrophysiological spectrum of idiopathic ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(20):2035–2043CrossRefPubMed Kim RJ et al (2007) Clinical and electrophysiological spectrum of idiopathic ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(20):2035–2043CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulpuru SK et al (2014) Atypical variants of right ventricular outflow arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(12):1321–1327PubMed Mulpuru SK et al (2014) Atypical variants of right ventricular outflow arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(12):1321–1327PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanagaratnam L et al (2001) Ventricular tachycardias arising from the aortic sinus of valsalva: an under-recognized variant of left outflow tract ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 37(5):1408–1414CrossRefPubMed Kanagaratnam L et al (2001) Ventricular tachycardias arising from the aortic sinus of valsalva: an under-recognized variant of left outflow tract ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 37(5):1408–1414CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang F et al (2002) Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the aortic sinus cusp: electrocardiographic characterization for guiding catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 39(3):500–508CrossRefPubMed Ouyang F et al (2002) Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the aortic sinus cusp: electrocardiographic characterization for guiding catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 39(3):500–508CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamauchi Y et al (2005) Electrocardiographic characteristics of repetitive monomorphic right ventricular tachycardia originating near the His-bundle. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(10):1041–1048CrossRefPubMed Yamauchi Y et al (2005) Electrocardiographic characteristics of repetitive monomorphic right ventricular tachycardia originating near the His-bundle. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(10):1041–1048CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Chun KR et al (2007) Left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia including ventricular tachycardia from the aortic cusps and epicardial ventricular tachycardia. Herz 32(3):226–232CrossRefPubMed Chun KR et al (2007) Left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia including ventricular tachycardia from the aortic cusps and epicardial ventricular tachycardia. Herz 32(3):226–232CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Asirvatham SJ (2009) Correlative anatomy for the invasive electrophysiologist: outflow tract and supravalvar arrhythmia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 20(8):955–968CrossRefPubMed Asirvatham SJ (2009) Correlative anatomy for the invasive electrophysiologist: outflow tract and supravalvar arrhythmia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 20(8):955–968CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Boukens BJ, Coronel R, Christoffels VM (2016) Embryonic development of the right ventricular outflow tract and arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 13(2):616–622CrossRefPubMed Boukens BJ, Coronel R, Christoffels VM (2016) Embryonic development of the right ventricular outflow tract and arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 13(2):616–622CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Gami AS et al (2011) Anatomical correlates relevant to ablation above the semilunar valves for the cardiac electrophysiologist: a study of 603 hearts. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 30(1):5–15CrossRefPubMed Gami AS et al (2011) Anatomical correlates relevant to ablation above the semilunar valves for the cardiac electrophysiologist: a study of 603 hearts. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 30(1):5–15CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu CF et al (2014) Ubiquitous myocardial extensions into the pulmonary artery demonstrated by integrated intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping: changing the paradigm of idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(4):691–700CrossRefPubMed Liu CF et al (2014) Ubiquitous myocardial extensions into the pulmonary artery demonstrated by integrated intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping: changing the paradigm of idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(4):691–700CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton JP 3rd, Ho SY, Anderson RH (1995) The forgotten interleaflet triangles: a review of the surgical anatomy of the aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg 59(2):419–427CrossRefPubMed Sutton JP 3rd, Ho SY, Anderson RH (1995) The forgotten interleaflet triangles: a review of the surgical anatomy of the aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg 59(2):419–427CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh KA, Fahy GJ (2014) Anatomy of the left main coronary artery of particular relevance to ablation of left atrial and outflow tract arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 11(12):2231–2238CrossRefPubMed Walsh KA, Fahy GJ (2014) Anatomy of the left main coronary artery of particular relevance to ablation of left atrial and outflow tract arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 11(12):2231–2238CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Halm MA (2016) Specific needs, concerns, strategies and advice of caregivers after coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung 45(5):416–422CrossRefPubMed Halm MA (2016) Specific needs, concerns, strategies and advice of caregivers after coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung 45(5):416–422CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Asirvatham SJ, Cha Y‑M, Friedman PA (2013) Mayo Clinic electrophysiology manual. Mayo Clinic Scientific Press/Oxford University Press, New YorkCrossRef Asirvatham SJ, Cha Y‑M, Friedman PA (2013) Mayo Clinic electrophysiology manual. Mayo Clinic Scientific Press/Oxford University Press, New YorkCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng Z et al (2013) The R‑wave deflection interval in lead V3 combining with R‑wave amplitude index in lead V1: a new surface ECG algorithm for distinguishing left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin in patients with transitional lead at V3. Int J Cardiol 168(2):1342–1348CrossRefPubMed Cheng Z et al (2013) The R‑wave deflection interval in lead V3 combining with R‑wave amplitude index in lead V1: a new surface ECG algorithm for distinguishing left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin in patients with transitional lead at V3. Int J Cardiol 168(2):1342–1348CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebrille E et al (2014) Distinguishing ventricular arrhythmia originating from the right coronary cusp, peripulmonic valve area, and the right ventricular outflow tract: utility of lead I. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(4):404–410CrossRefPubMed Ebrille E et al (2014) Distinguishing ventricular arrhythmia originating from the right coronary cusp, peripulmonic valve area, and the right ventricular outflow tract: utility of lead I. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(4):404–410CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Enriquez A et al (2017) How to map and ablate left ventricular summit arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 14(1):141–148CrossRefPubMed Enriquez A et al (2017) How to map and ablate left ventricular summit arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 14(1):141–148CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagashima K et al (2014) Ventricular arrhythmias near the distal great cardiac vein: challenging arrhythmia for ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(5):906–912CrossRefPubMed Nagashima K et al (2014) Ventricular arrhythmias near the distal great cardiac vein: challenging arrhythmia for ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(5):906–912CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Komatsu Y et al (2012) Two distinct electrocardiographic forms of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating in the vicinity of the His bundle. Europace 14(12):1778–1785CrossRefPubMed Komatsu Y et al (2012) Two distinct electrocardiographic forms of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating in the vicinity of the His bundle. Europace 14(12):1778–1785CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hai JJ et al (2014) Endocavitary structures in the outflow tract: anatomy and electrophysiology of the conus papillary muscles. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(1):94–98CrossRefPubMed Hai JJ et al (2014) Endocavitary structures in the outflow tract: anatomy and electrophysiology of the conus papillary muscles. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(1):94–98CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Callans DJ et al (1997) Repetitive monomorphic tachycardia from the left ventricular outflow tract: electrocardiographic patterns consistent with a left ventricular site of origin. J Am Coll Cardiol 29(5):1023–1027CrossRefPubMed Callans DJ et al (1997) Repetitive monomorphic tachycardia from the left ventricular outflow tract: electrocardiographic patterns consistent with a left ventricular site of origin. J Am Coll Cardiol 29(5):1023–1027CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Bala R et al (2010) Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right/left coronary cusp commissure. Heart Rhythm 7(3):312–322CrossRefPubMed Bala R et al (2010) Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right/left coronary cusp commissure. Heart Rhythm 7(3):312–322CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin D et al (2008) Twelve-lead electrocardiographic characteristics of the aortic cusp region guided by intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Heart Rhythm 5(5):663–669CrossRefPubMed Lin D et al (2008) Twelve-lead electrocardiographic characteristics of the aortic cusp region guided by intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Heart Rhythm 5(5):663–669CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hai JJ et al (2015) Electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias arising from the aortic mitral continuity-potential role of the conduction system. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 26(2):158–163CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hai JJ et al (2015) Electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias arising from the aortic mitral continuity-potential role of the conduction system. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 26(2):158–163CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang F et al (2014) Ventricular arrhythmias arising from the left ventricular outflow tract below the aortic sinus cusps: mapping and catheter ablation via transseptal approach and electrocardiographic characteristics. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(3):445–455CrossRefPubMed Ouyang F et al (2014) Ventricular arrhythmias arising from the left ventricular outflow tract below the aortic sinus cusps: mapping and catheter ablation via transseptal approach and electrocardiographic characteristics. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(3):445–455CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tada H et al (2005) Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia arising from the mitral annulus: a distinct subgroup of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 45(6):877–886CrossRefPubMed Tada H et al (2005) Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia arising from the mitral annulus: a distinct subgroup of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 45(6):877–886CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagashima K et al (2014) Reentrant ventricular tachycardia originating from the periaortic region in the absence of overt structural heart disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(1):99–106CrossRefPubMed Nagashima K et al (2014) Reentrant ventricular tachycardia originating from the periaortic region in the absence of overt structural heart disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(1):99–106CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamzeh N et al (2015) Pathophysiology and clinical management of cardiac sarcoidosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 12(5):278–288CrossRefPubMed Hamzeh N et al (2015) Pathophysiology and clinical management of cardiac sarcoidosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 12(5):278–288CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada T, Litovsky SH, Kay GN (2008) The left ventricular ostium: an anatomic concept relevant to idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 1(5):396–404CrossRefPubMed Yamada T, Litovsky SH, Kay GN (2008) The left ventricular ostium: an anatomic concept relevant to idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 1(5):396–404CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Bradfield JS et al (2014) Coupling interval variability differentiates ventricular ectopic complexes arising in the aortic sinus of valsalva and great cardiac vein from other sources: mechanistic and arrhythmic risk implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(20):2151–2158CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bradfield JS et al (2014) Coupling interval variability differentiates ventricular ectopic complexes arising in the aortic sinus of valsalva and great cardiac vein from other sources: mechanistic and arrhythmic risk implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(20):2151–2158CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Benhayon D et al (2017) Catheter Ablation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Associated With Occlusion of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 28(3):347–350 Benhayon D et al (2017) Catheter Ablation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Associated With Occlusion of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 28(3):347–350
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada T et al (2015) Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from intramural foci in the left ventricular outflow tract: efficacy of sequential versus simultaneous unipolar catheter ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 8(2):344–352CrossRefPubMed Yamada T et al (2015) Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from intramural foci in the left ventricular outflow tract: efficacy of sequential versus simultaneous unipolar catheter ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 8(2):344–352CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada T et al (2012) Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions arising from the intraventricular septum adjacent to the his bundle. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 35(5):e108–11CrossRefPubMed Yamada T et al (2012) Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions arising from the intraventricular septum adjacent to the his bundle. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 35(5):e108–11CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Biase L et al (2011) Safety and outcomes of cryoablation for ventricular tachyarrhythmias: results from a multicenter experience. Heart Rhythm 8(7):968–974CrossRefPubMed Di Biase L et al (2011) Safety and outcomes of cryoablation for ventricular tachyarrhythmias: results from a multicenter experience. Heart Rhythm 8(7):968–974CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Zera E, Rydlewska-Sadowska W, Kompiel J (1970) Evaluation of the performance of a cardiological intensive care unit on the basis of our own observations. Pol Tyg Lek 25(22):812–814PubMed Zera E, Rydlewska-Sadowska W, Kompiel J (1970) Evaluation of the performance of a cardiological intensive care unit on the basis of our own observations. Pol Tyg Lek 25(22):812–814PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias
Electrocardiographic features in relation to mapping and ablation
verfasst von
Deepak Padmanabhan
Alan Sugrue
Prakriti Gaba
Dr. Samuel J Asirvatham
Publikationsdatum
22.05.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 0938-7412
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1544
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-017-0507-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.