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02.04.2020 | Original paper

Overexpression of Sal-like protein 4 in head and neck cancer: epigenetic effects and clinical correlations

verfasst von: Kiyoshi Misawa, Yuki Misawa, Masato Mima, Satoshi Yamada, Atsushi Imai, Daiki Mochizuki, Takuya Nakagawa, Tomoya Kurokawa, Shiori Endo, Hideya Kawasaki, John Chadwick. Brenner, Hiroyuki Mineta

Erschienen in: Cellular Oncology | Ausgabe 4/2020

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Abstract

Background

Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), an embryonic stem cell factor, has been reported to play an essential role in embryogenesis and oncogenesis. As yet, however, the expression and role of this transcription factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been established.

Methods

We assessed SALL4 mRNA expression in a well-characterised dataset of 230 HNSCC samples (test cohort 110 cases and validation cohort 120 cases). We also transfected HNSCC cells (FaDu and UM-SCC-6) with SALL4 siRNA and assessed its effects on proliferation and expression of specific epigenetic factors in order to uncover the role of SALL4 in HNSCC.

Results

Overexpression of SALL4 was detected in tumour samples of both cohorts. HNSCC cells treated with SALL4 siRNA showed a reduction in growth and a decrease in DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) expression. In the patient cohorts, SALL4 overexpression was found to significantly correlate with disease recurrence (p < 0.001) and SALL4 methylation status (p = 0.002). We also found that DNMT3A was significantly upregulated upon SALL4 upregulation (p < 0.001). High expression levels of SALL4 correlated with decreases in disease-free survival (DFS) rates (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that SALL4 expression served as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio: 2.566, 95% confidence interval: 1.598–4.121; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that SALL4 upregulation correlates with HNSCC tumour aggressiveness and an adverse patient outcome. Our findings also indicate that DNMT3A may synergistically contribute to the regulatory effects of SALL4. Our findings provide insight into SALL4-mediated HNSCC development via epigenetic modulation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Overexpression of Sal-like protein 4 in head and neck cancer: epigenetic effects and clinical correlations
verfasst von
Kiyoshi Misawa
Yuki Misawa
Masato Mima
Satoshi Yamada
Atsushi Imai
Daiki Mochizuki
Takuya Nakagawa
Tomoya Kurokawa
Shiori Endo
Hideya Kawasaki
John Chadwick. Brenner
Hiroyuki Mineta
Publikationsdatum
02.04.2020
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Cellular Oncology / Ausgabe 4/2020
Print ISSN: 2211-3428
Elektronische ISSN: 2211-3436
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-020-00509-5

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