Background
Methods
Study design and population
Anthropometric data
Cardiometabolic risk factors
Statistical analyses
Results
Total (n = 288) | Boys (n = 143) | Girls (n = 145) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 12.4 ± 2.7 | 12.7 ± 2.7 | 12.1 ± 2.8 | 0.10 |
Anthropometric data | ||||
Height, cm | 159 ± 13.6 | 162 ± 14.7 | 156 ± 11.7 | < 0.001 |
Weight, kg | 64.7 ± 22.6 | 67.5 ± 23.7 | 62.0 ± 21.2 | 0.04 |
WC, cm | 88.3 ± 15.7 | 89.9 ± 16.1 | 86.7 ± 15.2 | 0.08 |
BMI, kg/m2
| 25.1 ± 6.1 | 25.1 ± 5.9 | 25.0 ± 6.2 | 0.93 |
BMI z-score | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 0.46 |
Body fat, % | 32.5 ± 10.9 | 29.0 ± 11.4 | 36.1 ± 9.1 | < 0.001 |
Cardiometabolic risk factors | ||||
SBP, mm Hg | 105 ± 12.1 | 107 ± 12.8 | 103 ± 11.0 | 0.01 |
DBP, mm Hg | 62 ± 10.6 | 63 ± 11.1 | 61 ± 10.1 | 0.09 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.44 | 5.1 ± 0.42 | 5.0 ± 0.46 | 0.05 |
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L | 145 ± 109 | 129 ± 95.7 | 160 ± 120 | 0.02 |
HOMA2-IR | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 0.008 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.0 ± 0.51 | 0.90 ± 0.44 | 1.0 ± 0.58 | 0.07 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.32 | 1.3 ± 0.33 | 1.3 ± 0.31 | 0.70 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.84 ± 0.60 | 0.78 ± 0.50 | 0.89 ± 0.69 | 0.22 |
CDC | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
IOTF | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Total |
Normal weight | 95 (32.99%) | 0 | 0 | 95 |
Overweight | 6 (2.08%) | 51 (17.71%) | 13 (4.51%) | 70 |
Obese | 0 | 0 | 123 (42.71%) | 123 |
Total | 101 | 51 | 136 | 288 |
WHO | ||||
IOTF | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Total |
Normal weight | 90 (31.25%) | 5 (1.74%) | 0 | 95 |
Overweight | 1 (0.35%) | 50 (17.36%) | 19 (6.60%) | 70 |
Obese | 0 | 0 | 123 (42.71%) | 123 |
Total | 91 | 55 | 142 | 288 |
CDC | ||||
WHO | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Total |
Normal weight | 91 (31.60%) | 0 | 0 | 91 |
Overweight | 10 (3.47%) | 45 (15.63%) | 0 | 55 |
Obese | 0 | 6 (2.08%) | 136 (47.22%) | 142 |
Total | 101 | 51 | 136 | 288 |
Normal weight | Overweight | Obese |
P
trend
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
IOTF | ||||
(n = 95) | (n = 70) | (n = 123) | ||
Body fat, % | 22.8 ± 7.51
| 29.7 ± 7.12
| 41.7 ± 6.73
| < 0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 102 ± 12.81
| 103 ± 10.61
| 108 ± 11.62
| < 0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 60 ± 9.81
| 61 ± 8.71
| 65 ± 11.62
| < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.0 ± 0.401
| 5.1 ± 0.351,2
| 5.2 ± 0.502
| 0.005 |
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L | 86.4 ± 28.51
| 116 ± 62.81
| 207 ± 1352
| < 0.001 |
HOMA2-IR | 1.6 ± 0.521
| 2.1 ± 1.11
| 3.5 ± 2.02
| < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 0.76 ± 0.281
| 0.90 ± 0.461
| 1.1 ± 0.612
| < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.261
| 1.3 ± 0.322
| 1.1 ± 0.283
| < 0.001 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.55 ± 0.281
| 0.7 ± 0.431
| 1.1 ± 0.722
| < 0.001 |
CDC | ||||
(n = 101) | (n = 51) | (n = 136) | ||
Body fat, % | 23.2 ± 7.41
| 28.5 ± 7.12
| 41.0 ± 7.03
| < 0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 102 ± 12.61
| 102 ± 10.91
| 108 ± 11.52
| < 0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 60 ± 9.81
| 60 ± 8.41
| 65 ± 11.32
| < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.0 ± 0.391
| 5.1 ± 0.351, 2
| 5.2 ± 0.502
| 0.002 |
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L | 86.3 ± 28.51
| 114 ± 67.01
| 201 ± 1312
| < 0.001 |
HOMA2-IR | 1.6 ± 0.521
| 2.1 ± 1.21
| 3.5 ± 1.92
| < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 0.77 ± 0.281
| 0.87 ± 0.481
| 1.1 ± 0.602
| < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.261
| 1.3 ± 0.341
| 1.1 ± 0.292
| < 0.001 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.56 ± 0.271
| 0.70 ± 0.441
| 1.1 ± 0.712
| < 0.001 |
WHO | ||||
(n = 91) | (n = 55) | (n = 142) | ||
Body fat, % | 22.8 ± 7.51
| 28.0 ± 6.92
| 40.6 ± 7.23
| < 0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 103 ± 13.01
| 102 ± 10.91
| 107 ± 11.42
| 0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 59 ± 9.91
| 60 ± 7.91
| 65 ± 11.42
| < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.0 ± 0.401
| 5.0 ± 0.351,2
| 5.2 ± 0.492
| 0.008 |
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L | 85.8 ± 28.01
| 109 ± 62.91
| 197 ± 1302
| < 0.001 |
HOMA2-IR | 1.6 ± 0.511
| 2.0 ± 1.11
| 3.4 ± 1.92
| < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 0.77 ± 0.291
| 0.86 ± 0.461
| 1.1 ± 0.592
| < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.271
| 1.3 ± 0.321
| 1.2 ± 0.302
| < 0.001 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.55 ± 0.281
| 0.70 ± 0.431
| 1.1 ± 0.702
| < 0.001 |
Discussion
IOTF vs. CDC | ||||
Non-agreement IOTF overweight/ CDC obese (n = 13) | Agreement IOTF obese/ CDC obese (n = 123) | Mean difference (95% CI) |
P
| |
Body fat, % | 34.5 ± 6.6 | 41.7 ± 6.7 | −7.1 (−11.0, −3.2) | <0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 104 ± 10.4 | 108 ± 11.6 | −3.5 (−10.2, 3.1) | 0.29 |
DBP, mm Hg | 63 ± 8.9 | 65 ± 11.6 | −2.1 (−8.7, 4.4) | 0.52 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.0 ± 0.40 | 5.2 ± 0.50 | −0.17 (−0.45, 0.12) | 0.26 |
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L | 142 ± 49 | 207 ± 135 | −65.3 (−102, −28.5) | 0.001 |
HOMA2-IR | 2.6 ± 0.86 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | −0.97 (−1.6, −0.36) | 0.003 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.45 | 1.1 ± 0.61 | 0.003 (−0.50, 0.51) | 0.99 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.32 | 1.1 ± 0.28 | 0.11 (−0.13, 0.35) | 0.38 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.97 ± 0.46 | 1.1 ± 0.72 | −0.14 (−0.74, 0.46) | 0.64 |
IOTF vs. WHO | ||||
Non-agreement IOTF overweight/ WHO obese (n = 19) | Agreement IOTF obese/ WHO obese (n = 123) | Mean difference (95% CI) |
P
| |
Body fat, % | 33.6 ± 6.5 | 41.7 ± 6.7 | −8.1 (−11.3, −4.8) | <0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 104 ± 9.3 | 108 ± 11.6 | −4.2 (−9.7, 1.3) | 0.13 |
DBP, mm Hg | 63 ± 10.1 | 65 ± 11.6 | −2.2 (−7.7, 3.4) | 0.44 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.39 | 5.2 ± 0.50 | −0.12 (−0.36, 0.12) | 0.32 |
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L | 135 ± 55.3 | 207 ± 135 | −71.9 (−107, −36.6) | <0.001 |
HOMA2-IR | 2.5 ± 0.98 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | −1.1 (−1.7, −0.50) | <0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 0.97 ± 0.40 | 1.1 ± 0.61 | −0.18 (−0.55, 0.20) | 0.36 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.35 | 1.1 ± 0.28 | 0.23 (0.04, 0.42) | 0.02 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.77 ± 0.43 | 1.1 ± 0.72 | −0.34 (−0.78, 0.10) | 0.13 |