Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 6/2019

30.04.2019 | Ultraschall | CME

Appendizitis im Kindesalter

verfasst von: Dr. Hannah Stundner-Ladenhauf, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Roman Metzger

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 6/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die akute Appendizitis repräsentiert die häufigste Ursache des akuten Abdomens. Ausführliche Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung zählen zu den wichtigsten Standbeinen der Diagnose. Unterstützt wird dies durch laborchemische Untersuchungen und die Abdomensonographie. Additive bildgebende Maßnahmen sind selten notwendig. Therapeutisch können die offene und die laparoskopische Appendektomie im Kindesalter sicher und effizient durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund des kosmetischen Ergebnisses, der Beurteilungsmöglichkeit des gesamten Abdomens und geringerer Komplikationsraten ist die Laparoskopie der offenen Technik vorzuziehen. Eine Konversion von laparoskopischer zu offener Appendektomie ist selten nötig. Die konservative Behandlung der akuten Appendizitis mithilfe der Antibiotikatherapie allein wird gegenwärtig intensiv diskutiert und in einigen Zentren praktiziert; die Effektivität bzw. Überlegenheit dieser Methode ist jedoch nicht hinlänglich geklärt und Gegenstand intensiver Forschung.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Addiss DG, Shaffer N, Fowler BS, Tauxe RV (1990) The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 132:910–925CrossRef Addiss DG, Shaffer N, Fowler BS, Tauxe RV (1990) The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 132:910–925CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Sahm M, Pross M, Lippert H (2011) Acute appendicitis—changes in epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy. Zentralbl Chir 136:18–24CrossRef Sahm M, Pross M, Lippert H (2011) Acute appendicitis—changes in epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy. Zentralbl Chir 136:18–24CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhangu A, Søreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT (2015) Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 386:1278–1287CrossRef Bhangu A, Søreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT (2015) Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 386:1278–1287CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Swidsinski A, Dorffel Y, Loening-Baucke V et al (2011) Acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with Fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum. Gut 60(1):34–40CrossRef Swidsinski A, Dorffel Y, Loening-Baucke V et al (2011) Acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with Fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum. Gut 60(1):34–40CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Farion KJ, Michalowski W, Rubin S, Wilk S, Correll R, Gaboury I (2008) Prospective evaluation of the MET-AP system providing triage plans for acute pediatric abdominal pain. Int J Med Inform 77:208–218CrossRef Farion KJ, Michalowski W, Rubin S, Wilk S, Correll R, Gaboury I (2008) Prospective evaluation of the MET-AP system providing triage plans for acute pediatric abdominal pain. Int J Med Inform 77:208–218CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Janssen LJ, Voorhoeve PG, van den Wildenberg FJ, van den Brand LR (2016) Acute abdominal pain in children caused by pneumonia. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 160:D533PubMed Janssen LJ, Voorhoeve PG, van den Wildenberg FJ, van den Brand LR (2016) Acute abdominal pain in children caused by pneumonia. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 160:D533PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang K, Kim WJ, Kim K et al (2015) Effect of pain control in suspected acute appendicitis on the diagnostic accuracy of surgical residents. CJEM 17:54–61CrossRef Kang K, Kim WJ, Kim K et al (2015) Effect of pain control in suspected acute appendicitis on the diagnostic accuracy of surgical residents. CJEM 17:54–61CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Soundappan SS, Karpelowsky J, Lam A, Lam L, Cass D (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed ultrasound (SPU) for appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg 53(10):2023–2027CrossRef Soundappan SS, Karpelowsky J, Lam A, Lam L, Cass D (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed ultrasound (SPU) for appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg 53(10):2023–2027CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheong LH, Emil S (2014) Outcomes of pediatric appendicitis: an international comparison of the United States and Canada. Jama Surg 149:50–55CrossRef Cheong LH, Emil S (2014) Outcomes of pediatric appendicitis: an international comparison of the United States and Canada. Jama Surg 149:50–55CrossRef
10.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Esposito C, Escolino M, Till H et al (2016) One-trocar versus mulitport hybrid laparoscopic appendectomy: What’s the best option for chidlren with acute appendicitis? Results of an international mulitcentric study. Surg Endocs 30(11):4917–4923CrossRef Esposito C, Escolino M, Till H et al (2016) One-trocar versus mulitport hybrid laparoscopic appendectomy: What’s the best option for chidlren with acute appendicitis? Results of an international mulitcentric study. Surg Endocs 30(11):4917–4923CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Langer M, Safavi A, Skarsgard ED (2013) Management of the base of the appendix in pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy: clip, ligate, or staple. Surg Technol Int 23:81–83PubMed Langer M, Safavi A, Skarsgard ED (2013) Management of the base of the appendix in pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy: clip, ligate, or staple. Surg Technol Int 23:81–83PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Escolino M, Becmeur F, Sayena A et al (2018) Endoloop versus endostapler: what is the best option for appendiceal stump closure in children with complicated appendicitis? Results of a multicentric international survey. Surg Endosc 32(8):3570–3575CrossRef Escolino M, Becmeur F, Sayena A et al (2018) Endoloop versus endostapler: what is the best option for appendiceal stump closure in children with complicated appendicitis? Results of a multicentric international survey. Surg Endosc 32(8):3570–3575CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Minutolo V, Licciardello A, Di Stefano B, Arena M, Arena G, Antonacci V (2014) Outcomes and cost analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for treatment of acute appendicitis: 4‑years experience in a district hospital. Bmc Surg 14:14CrossRef Minutolo V, Licciardello A, Di Stefano B, Arena M, Arena G, Antonacci V (2014) Outcomes and cost analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for treatment of acute appendicitis: 4‑years experience in a district hospital. Bmc Surg 14:14CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Masoomi H, Nguyen NT, Dolich MO, Mills S, Carmichael JC, Stamos MJ (2014) Laparoscopic appendectomy trends and outcomes in the United States: data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2004–2011. Am Surg 80:1074–1077PubMed Masoomi H, Nguyen NT, Dolich MO, Mills S, Carmichael JC, Stamos MJ (2014) Laparoscopic appendectomy trends and outcomes in the United States: data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2004–2011. Am Surg 80:1074–1077PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonacci N, Ricci C, Taffurelli G et al (2015) Laparoscopic appendectomy: Which factors are predictors of conversion? A high-volume prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 21:103–107CrossRef Antonacci N, Ricci C, Taffurelli G et al (2015) Laparoscopic appendectomy: Which factors are predictors of conversion? A high-volume prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 21:103–107CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorter RR, van der Lee JH, Heijsters FACJ et al (2017) Outcome of initially nonoperative treatment for acute simple appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg 53(9):1849–1854CrossRef Gorter RR, van der Lee JH, Heijsters FACJ et al (2017) Outcome of initially nonoperative treatment for acute simple appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg 53(9):1849–1854CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersen BR, Kallehave FL, Andersen HK (2005) Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of postoperative infection after appendicectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20(3):CD1439 Andersen BR, Kallehave FL, Andersen HK (2005) Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of postoperative infection after appendicectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20(3):CD1439
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Skarda DE, Schall K, Rollins M et al (2014) Response-based threapy for ruptured appendicitis reduces resource utilization. J Pedatir Surg 49(12):1726–1729CrossRef Skarda DE, Schall K, Rollins M et al (2014) Response-based threapy for ruptured appendicitis reduces resource utilization. J Pedatir Surg 49(12):1726–1729CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Desai AA, Alemayehu H, Hilcomb GW 3rd, Peter StSD (2015) Safety of a new protocol decreasing antibiotic utilization after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children: A prospective observational study. J Pediatr Surg 50(6):912–914CrossRef Desai AA, Alemayehu H, Hilcomb GW 3rd, Peter StSD (2015) Safety of a new protocol decreasing antibiotic utilization after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children: A prospective observational study. J Pediatr Surg 50(6):912–914CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SL, Islam S, Cassidy LD, Abdullah F, Arca MJ (2010) Antibiotics and appendicitis in the pediatric population: an American pediatric surgical association outcomes and clinical trials committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 45(11):2181–2185CrossRef Lee SL, Islam S, Cassidy LD, Abdullah F, Arca MJ (2010) Antibiotics and appendicitis in the pediatric population: an American pediatric surgical association outcomes and clinical trials committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 45(11):2181–2185CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Dougherty SH, Saltzstein EC, Peacock JB, Mercer LC, Cano P (1989) Perforated or gangrenous appendicitis treated with aminoglycosides. How do bacterial cultures influence management? Arch Surg 124(11):1280–1283CrossRef Dougherty SH, Saltzstein EC, Peacock JB, Mercer LC, Cano P (1989) Perforated or gangrenous appendicitis treated with aminoglycosides. How do bacterial cultures influence management? Arch Surg 124(11):1280–1283CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Suresh S, Taylor LJ, De Oliveira GS Jr (2015) Dose effect of local anesthetics on analgesic outcomes for the transversus abdominis plane(TAP) block in children: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Pedaitr Anaesth 25(5):506–510CrossRef Suresh S, Taylor LJ, De Oliveira GS Jr (2015) Dose effect of local anesthetics on analgesic outcomes for the transversus abdominis plane(TAP) block in children: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Pedaitr Anaesth 25(5):506–510CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Shastri N (2015) Intravenous acetaminophen use in pediatrics. Pediatr Emerg Care 31(6):444–448CrossRef Shastri N (2015) Intravenous acetaminophen use in pediatrics. Pediatr Emerg Care 31(6):444–448CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamada Y, Fukunaga S, Takada K, Sato M, Hioki K (2002) Postoperative intussusception after incidental appendicectomy. Pediatr Surg Int 18(4):284–286CrossRef Hamada Y, Fukunaga S, Takada K, Sato M, Hioki K (2002) Postoperative intussusception after incidental appendicectomy. Pediatr Surg Int 18(4):284–286CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsao KJ, St Peter SD, Valusek PA et al (2007) Adhesive small bowel obstruction after appendectomy in children: comparison between laparoscopic and open approach. J Pediatr Surg 42(6):939–942CrossRef Tsao KJ, St Peter SD, Valusek PA et al (2007) Adhesive small bowel obstruction after appendectomy in children: comparison between laparoscopic and open approach. J Pediatr Surg 42(6):939–942CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mangi AA, Berger DL (2000) Stump appendicitis. Am Surg 66(8):739–741PubMed Mangi AA, Berger DL (2000) Stump appendicitis. Am Surg 66(8):739–741PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rasmussen T, Fonnes S, Rosenberg J (2018) Long-term complications of appendectomy: a systematic review. Scand J Surg 07(3):189–196CrossRef Rasmussen T, Fonnes S, Rosenberg J (2018) Long-term complications of appendectomy: a systematic review. Scand J Surg 07(3):189–196CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Podda M et al (2017) Antibiotics-first strategy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults is associated with increased rates of peritonitis at surgery. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing appendectomy and non-operative management with antibiotics. Surgeon 15(5):303–314CrossRef Podda M et al (2017) Antibiotics-first strategy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults is associated with increased rates of peritonitis at surgery. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing appendectomy and non-operative management with antibiotics. Surgeon 15(5):303–314CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilms IM, de Hoog DE, de Visser DC, Janzing HM (2011) Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9(11):CD8359 Wilms IM, de Hoog DE, de Visser DC, Janzing HM (2011) Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9(11):CD8359
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason RJ, Moazzez A, Sohn H, Katkhouda N (2012) Meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing antibiotic therapy with appendectomy for acute uncomplicated (no abscess or phlegmon) appendicitis. Surg Infect 13:74–84CrossRef Mason RJ, Moazzez A, Sohn H, Katkhouda N (2012) Meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing antibiotic therapy with appendectomy for acute uncomplicated (no abscess or phlegmon) appendicitis. Surg Infect 13:74–84CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Blakely ML, Williams R, Dassinger MS et al (2011) Early vs interval appendectomy for children with perforated appendicitis. Arch Surg 146:660–665CrossRef Blakely ML, Williams R, Dassinger MS et al (2011) Early vs interval appendectomy for children with perforated appendicitis. Arch Surg 146:660–665CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Steiner B et al (2018) Conservative antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated appendicitis is feasible. J Ped Surg Int 34(3):283–288CrossRef Steiner B et al (2018) Conservative antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated appendicitis is feasible. J Ped Surg Int 34(3):283–288CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kessler U et al (2017) Conservative treatment versus surgery for uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Childh 102(12):1118–1124CrossRef Kessler U et al (2017) Conservative treatment versus surgery for uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Childh 102(12):1118–1124CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Svensson JF, Patkova B, Almström M et al (2015) Nonoperative treatment with antibiotics versus surgery for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am Surg 261(1):67–71 Svensson JF, Patkova B, Almström M et al (2015) Nonoperative treatment with antibiotics versus surgery for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am Surg 261(1):67–71
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang L et al (2017) Comparison of Antibiotic Therapy and Appendectomy for Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children: A Meta-analysis. Jama Pediatr 171(5):426–434CrossRef Huang L et al (2017) Comparison of Antibiotic Therapy and Appendectomy for Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children: A Meta-analysis. Jama Pediatr 171(5):426–434CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchings et al (2018) CONTRACT Study—CONservative TReatment of Appendicitis in Children (feasibility): study protocol for a randomised controlled Trial. Trials 19(1):153–152CrossRef Hutchings et al (2018) CONTRACT Study—CONservative TReatment of Appendicitis in Children (feasibility): study protocol for a randomised controlled Trial. Trials 19(1):153–152CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheratt et al (2017) Development of a core outcome set to determine the overall treatment success of acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a study protocol. Bmj Pediatr Open 1(1):e151–11CrossRef Sheratt et al (2017) Development of a core outcome set to determine the overall treatment success of acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a study protocol. Bmj Pediatr Open 1(1):e151–11CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall NJ, Eaton S, Abbo O et al (2017) Appendectomy versus non-operative treatment for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Bmj Paediatr Open 1(1):18CrossRef Hall NJ, Eaton S, Abbo O et al (2017) Appendectomy versus non-operative treatment for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Bmj Paediatr Open 1(1):18CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Hernzy MCW, Gollin G, Islam S et al (2007) Matched analysis of non-operative management vs immediate appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg 42:19–24CrossRef Hernzy MCW, Gollin G, Islam S et al (2007) Matched analysis of non-operative management vs immediate appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg 42:19–24CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Nadler EP, Reblock KK, Vaughn KG et al (2005) Predictors of outcome for children with perforated appendicitis initially treated with non-operative management. Surg Infect 5:349–356CrossRef Nadler EP, Reblock KK, Vaughn KG et al (2005) Predictors of outcome for children with perforated appendicitis initially treated with non-operative management. Surg Infect 5:349–356CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Nazarey PP, Stylianos S, Velis E et al (2014) Treatment of suspected acute perforated appendicitis with antibiotics and interval appendectomy. J Pediatr Surg 49(3):447–450CrossRef Nazarey PP, Stylianos S, Velis E et al (2014) Treatment of suspected acute perforated appendicitis with antibiotics and interval appendectomy. J Pediatr Surg 49(3):447–450CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Vandevelde A, Gera P (2015) Carcinoid tumours of the appendix in children having appendicectomies at Princess Margaret Hospital since 1995. J Pediatr Surg 50(9):1595–1599CrossRef Vandevelde A, Gera P (2015) Carcinoid tumours of the appendix in children having appendicectomies at Princess Margaret Hospital since 1995. J Pediatr Surg 50(9):1595–1599CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu H, Chintagumpala M, Hicks J et al (2017) Neuroendocrine tumor of the appendix in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 39(2):97–102CrossRef Wu H, Chintagumpala M, Hicks J et al (2017) Neuroendocrine tumor of the appendix in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 39(2):97–102CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Pape UF, Perren A, Niederle B et al (2012) ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasmsfrom the jejuno-ileum and the appendix including goblet cell carcinomas. Neuroendocrinology 95(2):135–156CrossRef Pape UF, Perren A, Niederle B et al (2012) ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasmsfrom the jejuno-ileum and the appendix including goblet cell carcinomas. Neuroendocrinology 95(2):135–156CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Pérez-Albert P, deRojas T, Lendínez MÁ et al (2017) Management and outcome of children with neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix in Spain: Is there room for improvement? Clin Transl Oncol 19(9):1168–1172CrossRef Pérez-Albert P, deRojas T, Lendínez MÁ et al (2017) Management and outcome of children with neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix in Spain: Is there room for improvement? Clin Transl Oncol 19(9):1168–1172CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Appendizitis im Kindesalter
verfasst von
Dr. Hannah Stundner-Ladenhauf
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Roman Metzger
Publikationsdatum
30.04.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-019-0705-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2019

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 6/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Einführung zum Thema

Pädiatrische Nephrologie

Mitteilungen der DGKJ

Mitteilungen der DGKJ

Pädiatrie aktuell

Für Sie gelesen

Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen in der Hausarztpraxis

Häufige gastrointestinale Krankheiten in der niedergelassenen Praxis sind Thema in diesem aufgezeichneten MMW-Webinar. Welche Differenzialdiagnosen bei Oberbauchbeschwerden sollten Sie kennen? Wie gelingt eine erfolgreiche probiotische Behandlung bei Reizdarm? Welche neuen Entwicklungen und praktischen Aspekte gibt es bei Diagnostik und Behandlung der chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen?