Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health 6/2016

14.06.2016 | Original Paper

Parental and God Representations Among Individuals with Psychosis: A Grounded Theory Analysis

verfasst von: Tracy A. Prout, Patricia Ottaviano, Alexa Taveras, Carolyn Sepulveda, Julian Torres

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 6/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Religiousness, spirituality, and social support have all been identified as having a positive impact on overall mental health outcomes. The current study describes quantitative and qualitative assessment of parental and God representations among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 46). Six salient themes emerged; participants described the importance of caregiver love and nurturance, need for God, loss of family members, love of God, concrete support provided by parents, and the ability to tolerate ambivalent feelings toward parents. Participants linked their relationships with parents and God to their process of recovery. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Allan, G. (2003). A critique of using grounded theory as a research method. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 2(1), 1–10. Allan, G. (2003). A critique of using grounded theory as a research method. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 2(1), 1–10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bankole, A. O., Cohen, C. I., Vahia, I., Kehn, M., Ramirez, P. M., & Diwan, S. (2007). Factors affecting quality of life in a multiracial sample of older persons with schizophrenia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(12), 1015–1023. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31805d8572.CrossRefPubMed Bankole, A. O., Cohen, C. I., Vahia, I., Kehn, M., Ramirez, P. M., & Diwan, S. (2007). Factors affecting quality of life in a multiracial sample of older persons with schizophrenia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(12), 1015–1023. doi:10.​1097/​JGP.​0b013e31805d8572​.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bell, M. D. (2004). Object relations and reality testing deficits in schizophrenia. In P. W. Corrigan & D. L. Penn (Eds.), Social cognition in schizophrenia (2nd ed., pp. 285–311). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10407-010. Bell, M. D. (2004). Object relations and reality testing deficits in schizophrenia. In P. W. Corrigan & D. L. Penn (Eds.), Social cognition in schizophrenia (2nd ed., pp. 285–311). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.​1037/​10407-010.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell, M., Lysaker, P., & Milstein, R. (1992). Object relations deficits in subtypes of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(4), 433–444.CrossRefPubMed Bell, M., Lysaker, P., & Milstein, R. (1992). Object relations deficits in subtypes of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(4), 433–444.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bellamy, C. D., Jarrett, N. C., Mowbray, O., MacFarlane, P., Mowbray, C. T., & Holter, M. C. (2007). Relevance of spirituality for people with mental illness attending consumer-centered services. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 30(4), 287–294. doi:10.2975/30.4.2007.287.294.CrossRefPubMed Bellamy, C. D., Jarrett, N. C., Mowbray, O., MacFarlane, P., Mowbray, C. T., & Holter, M. C. (2007). Relevance of spirituality for people with mental illness attending consumer-centered services. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 30(4), 287–294. doi:10.​2975/​30.​4.​2007.​287.​294.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Blatt, S. J., Chevron, E. S., Quinlan, D. M., Schaffer, C. E., & Wein, S. J. (1988). The assessment of qualitative and structural dimensions of object representations (Rev. ed.). Unpublished research manual, Yale University: New Haven, CT. Blatt, S. J., Chevron, E. S., Quinlan, D. M., Schaffer, C. E., & Wein, S. J. (1988). The assessment of qualitative and structural dimensions of object representations (Rev. ed.). Unpublished research manual, Yale University: New Haven, CT.
Zurück zum Zitat Blatt, S. J., Wild, C. M., & Ritzler, B. A. (1975). Disturbances of object representations in schizophrenia. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science, 4, 235–288. Blatt, S. J., Wild, C. M., & Ritzler, B. A. (1975). Disturbances of object representations in schizophrenia. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science, 4, 235–288.
Zurück zum Zitat Diguer, L., Pelletier, S., Hébert, É., Descôteaux, J., Rousseau, J. P., & Daoust, J. P. (2004). Personality organizations, psychiatric severity, and self and object representations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 21(2), 259–275. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.21.2.259.CrossRef Diguer, L., Pelletier, S., Hébert, É., Descôteaux, J., Rousseau, J. P., & Daoust, J. P. (2004). Personality organizations, psychiatric severity, and self and object representations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 21(2), 259–275. doi:10.​1037/​0736-9735.​21.​2.​259.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Glaser, B. G. (2001). The grounded theory perspective: Conceptualization contrasted with description. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press. Glaser, B. G. (2001). The grounded theory perspective: Conceptualization contrasted with description. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansen, C. F., Torgalsbøen, A. K., Røssberg, J. I., Romm, K. L., Andreassen, O. A., Bell, M. D., & Melle, I. (2013). Object relations, reality testing, and social withdrawal in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(3), 222–225. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182848ae0.CrossRefPubMed Hansen, C. F., Torgalsbøen, A. K., Røssberg, J. I., Romm, K. L., Andreassen, O. A., Bell, M. D., & Melle, I. (2013). Object relations, reality testing, and social withdrawal in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(3), 222–225. doi:10.​1097/​NMD.​0b013e3182848ae0​.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Harris, J. I., Nienow, T., Choi, A., Engdahl, B., Nguyen, X. V., & Thuras, P. (2015). Client report of spirituality in recovery from serious mental illness. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 7(2), 142–149. doi:10.1037/a0038538.CrossRef Harris, J. I., Nienow, T., Choi, A., Engdahl, B., Nguyen, X. V., & Thuras, P. (2015). Client report of spirituality in recovery from serious mental illness. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 7(2), 142–149. doi:10.​1037/​a0038538.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes, L., Hawthorne, G., Farhall, J., O’Hanlon, B., & Harvey, C. (2015). Quality of life and social isolation among caregivers of adults with schizophrenia: Policy and outcomes. Community Mental Health Journal, 51(5), 591–597. doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9848-6.CrossRefPubMed Hayes, L., Hawthorne, G., Farhall, J., O’Hanlon, B., & Harvey, C. (2015). Quality of life and social isolation among caregivers of adults with schizophrenia: Policy and outcomes. Community Mental Health Journal, 51(5), 591–597. doi:10.​1007/​s10597-015-9848-6.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Huguelet, P., Mohr, S., Jung, V., Gillieron, C., Brandt, P. Y., & Borras, L. (2007). Effect of religion on suicide attempts in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders compared with inpatients with non-psychotic disorders. European Psychiatry, 22(3), 188–194. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.08.001.CrossRefPubMed Huguelet, P., Mohr, S., Jung, V., Gillieron, C., Brandt, P. Y., & Borras, L. (2007). Effect of religion on suicide attempts in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders compared with inpatients with non-psychotic disorders. European Psychiatry, 22(3), 188–194. doi:10.​1016/​j.​eurpsy.​2006.​08.​001.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kate, N., Grover, S., Kulhara, P., & Nehra, R. (2014). Relationship of quality of life with coping and burden in primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 60(2), 107–116. doi:10.1177/0020764012467598.CrossRefPubMed Kate, N., Grover, S., Kulhara, P., & Nehra, R. (2014). Relationship of quality of life with coping and burden in primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 60(2), 107–116. doi:10.​1177/​0020764012467598​.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kay, S. R., Flszbein, A., & Opfer, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276.CrossRefPubMed Kay, S. R., Flszbein, A., & Opfer, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kay, S. R., Opler, L. A., & Lindenmayer, J. P. (1988). Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research, 23(1), 99–110.CrossRefPubMed Kay, S. R., Opler, L. A., & Lindenmayer, J. P. (1988). Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research, 23(1), 99–110.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Lincoln, T. M., Köther, U., Hartmann, M., Kempkensteffen, J., & Moritz, S. (2015). Responses to stress in patients with psychotic disorders compared to persons with varying levels of vulnerability to psychosis, persons with depression and healthy controls. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 47, 92–101. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.11.011.CrossRefPubMed Lincoln, T. M., Köther, U., Hartmann, M., Kempkensteffen, J., & Moritz, S. (2015). Responses to stress in patients with psychotic disorders compared to persons with varying levels of vulnerability to psychosis, persons with depression and healthy controls. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 47, 92–101. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jbtep.​2014.​11.​011.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lindgren, K. N., & Coursey, R. D. (1995). Spirituality and serious mental illness: A two-part study. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 18(3), 93–111. doi:10.1037/h0095498.CrossRef Lindgren, K. N., & Coursey, R. D. (1995). Spirituality and serious mental illness: A two-part study. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 18(3), 93–111. doi:10.​1037/​h0095498.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mohr, S., Perroud, N., Gillieron, C., Brandt, P. Y., Rieben, I., Borras, L., & Huguelet, P. (2011). Spirituality and religiousness as predictive factors of outcome in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders. Psychiatry Research, 186(2), 177–182. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.012.CrossRefPubMed Mohr, S., Perroud, N., Gillieron, C., Brandt, P. Y., Rieben, I., Borras, L., & Huguelet, P. (2011). Spirituality and religiousness as predictive factors of outcome in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders. Psychiatry Research, 186(2), 177–182. doi:10.​1016/​j.​psychres.​2010.​08.​012.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Phillips, R. E., Lakin, R., & Pargament, K. I. (2002). Brief report: Development and implementation of a spiritual issues psychoeducational group for those with serious mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 38(6), 487–495. doi:10.1023/A:1020832218607.CrossRefPubMed Phillips, R. E., Lakin, R., & Pargament, K. I. (2002). Brief report: Development and implementation of a spiritual issues psychoeducational group for those with serious mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 38(6), 487–495. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1020832218607.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Prout, T. A., Cecero, J. J., & Dragatsi, D. (2012). Parental object representations, attachment to God, and recovery among individuals with psychosis. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 15(5), 449–466. doi:10.1080/13674676.2011.581273.CrossRef Prout, T. A., Cecero, J. J., & Dragatsi, D. (2012). Parental object representations, attachment to God, and recovery among individuals with psychosis. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 15(5), 449–466. doi:10.​1080/​13674676.​2011.​581273.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quinlan, D. M., Blatt, S. J., & Chevron, E. S. (1992). The analysis of descriptions of parents: Identification of a more differentiated factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5902_10. Quinlan, D. M., Blatt, S. J., & Chevron, E. S. (1992). The analysis of descriptions of parents: Identification of a more differentiated factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment. doi:10.​1207/​s15327752jpa5902​_​10.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Röhricht, F., Papadopoulos, N., Suzuki, I., & Priebe, S. (2009). Ego-pathology, body experience, and body psychotherapy in chronic schizophrenia. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82(1), 19–30. doi:10.1348/147608308X342932.CrossRef Röhricht, F., Papadopoulos, N., Suzuki, I., & Priebe, S. (2009). Ego-pathology, body experience, and body psychotherapy in chronic schizophrenia. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82(1), 19–30. doi:10.​1348/​147608308X342932​.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rojas, S. M., Grzywacz, J. G., Zapata Roblyer, M. I., Crain, R., & Cervantes, R. C. (2016). Stressors among Hispanic adults from immigrant families in the United States: Familismo as a context for ambivalence. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. doi:10.1037/cdp0000082.PubMed Rojas, S. M., Grzywacz, J. G., Zapata Roblyer, M. I., Crain, R., & Cervantes, R. C. (2016). Stressors among Hispanic adults from immigrant families in the United States: Familismo as a context for ambivalence. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. doi:10.​1037/​cdp0000082.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Russinova, Z., Wewiorski, N., Stepas, K. A., Prout, T. A., Cash, D., & Lyass, A. (2009). Use of prayer by persons with serious mental illnesses: Patterns and perceived benefits. Counseling et Spiritualité, 28(2), 59–82. Russinova, Z., Wewiorski, N., Stepas, K. A., Prout, T. A., Cash, D., & Lyass, A. (2009). Use of prayer by persons with serious mental illnesses: Patterns and perceived benefits. Counseling et Spiritualité, 28(2), 59–82.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabogal, F., Marín, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Marín, B. V., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn’t? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9, 397–412. doi:10.1177/07399863870094003.CrossRef Sabogal, F., Marín, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Marín, B. V., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn’t? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9, 397–412. doi:10.​1177/​0739986387009400​3.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Singh, M. M., & Kay, S. R. (1975). A comparative study of haloperidol and chlorpromazine in terms of clinical effects and therapeutic reversal with benztropine in schizophrenia. Theoretical implications for potency differences among neuroleptics. Psychopharmacologia, 43(2), 103–113.CrossRefPubMed Singh, M. M., & Kay, S. R. (1975). A comparative study of haloperidol and chlorpromazine in terms of clinical effects and therapeutic reversal with benztropine in schizophrenia. Theoretical implications for potency differences among neuroleptics. Psychopharmacologia, 43(2), 103–113.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitley, R., & Drake, R. E. (2010). Recovery: A dimensional approach. Psychiatric Services, 61(12), 1248–1250.CrossRefPubMed Whitley, R., & Drake, R. E. (2010). Recovery: A dimensional approach. Psychiatric Services, 61(12), 1248–1250.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Parental and God Representations Among Individuals with Psychosis: A Grounded Theory Analysis
verfasst von
Tracy A. Prout
Patricia Ottaviano
Alexa Taveras
Carolyn Sepulveda
Julian Torres
Publikationsdatum
14.06.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0265-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2016

Journal of Religion and Health 6/2016 Zur Ausgabe