Background
Methods
Study design
Sample description and participants
Measures
Outcome variable
Predictor variables
Statistical analyses
Results
Sample characteristics
n (t0) | n (t1) | Total (t1) | Missing (t1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
% (weighted) | % (weighted) | N (unweighted) | % (unweighted) | |
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Sex | 0.0 | |||
Women | 52.8 | 52.8 | 1788 | |
Men | 47.2 | 47.2 | 1431 | |
Age | 0.0 | |||
18–29 years | 22.4a | – | – | |
30–44 years | 38.6 | 30.6 | 719 | |
45–64 years | 35.8 | 44.4 | 1542 | |
65–79 years | 3.2 | 25.0 | 958 | |
Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
Educational level | 0.3 | |||
Low | 20.5 | 17.5 | 366 | |
Middle | 60.4 | 55.8 | 1844 | |
High | 19.2 | 26.7 | 1000 | |
Income | 0.0 | |||
Below 60% | 18.4 | 14.4 | 435 | |
60–150% | 64.9 | 65.8 | 2164 | |
Above 150% | 16.7 | 19.8 | 620 | |
Programme participation | ||||
Participation in a group-based physical activity programme in the last 12 months | 1.3 | |||
Yes | 6.1 | 15.1 | 573 | |
No | 93.9 | 84.9 | 2605 | |
Sports behaviour | ||||
Sports activity (in the last 3 months) | 1.0 | |||
No sports | 46.4 | 38.9 | 1140 | |
Less than 1 h per week | 16.1 | 15.0 | 517 | |
Regularly 1–2 h per week | 17.4 | 26.2 | 863 | |
Regularly 2–4 h per week | 12.4 | 13.3 | 447 | |
Regularly more than 4 h per week | 7.7 | 6.6 | 219 | |
Sports activity aggregated (in the last 3 months) | 1.0 | |||
No sports | 46.4 | 38.9 | 1140 | |
Sports activity per week | 53.6 | 61.1 | 2046 | |
Health status | ||||
Subjective health status | 0.5 | |||
Good/very good | 69.3 | 68.4 | 2211 | |
Fair/poor/very poor | 30.7 | 31.6 | 991 | |
Enabling factor counselling | ||||
Physician physical activity counsellingb | 30.5 | |||
No | 91.1 | 90.6 | 2022 | |
Yes | 8.9 | 9.4 | 214 |
Descriptive analyses
Participation | ‘Once at t1’ n = 479 % (95% CI) | ‘Twice’ n = 94 % (95% CI) | ‘Once at t0’ n = 149 % (95% CI) | ‘No’ n = 2456 % (95% CI) | Total n = 3178 % (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 13.1 (11.7–14.5) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 4.0 (3.4–4.9) | 80.8 (79.2–82.4) | ||
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Women | 68.3 (63.4–72.9) | 79.9 (67.9–88.3) | 62.8 (53.9–70.8) | 48.8 (46.4–51.1) | 52.5 (50.5–54.6) | |
Men | 31.7 (27.1–36.6) | 20.1 (11.7–32.1) | 37.2 (29.2–46.1) | 51.2 (48.9–53.6) | 47.5 (45.4–49.5) | 0.000 |
Age | ||||||
30–44 years | 31.6 (26.3–37.4) | 10.7 (5.7–19.4) | 24.2 (17.2–32.9) | 31.6 (28.6–34.7) | 30.9 (28.1–33.7) | |
45–64 years | 43.0 (37.8–48.4) | 52.3 (41.2–63.2) | 49.6 (41.6–57.6) | 44.4 (41.4–47.4) | 44.6 (42.0–47.2) | |
65–79 years | 25.4 (21.3–30.0) | 37.0 (27.0–48.1) | 26.2 (19.5–34.2) | 24.1 (22.1–26.2) | 24.6 (22.7–26.6) | 0.011 |
Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||||
Educational level | ||||||
Low | 9.7 (6.6–14.1) | 16.1 (9.0–27.2) | 15.4 (9.5–24.2) | 18.6 (16.0–21.5) | 17.3 (15.0–19.7) | |
Middle | 54.9 (49.5–60.2) | 48.7 (38.4–59.2) | 58.4 (49.7–66.5) | 56.1 (53.2–59.0) | 55.9 (53.3–58.4) | |
High | 35.4 (30.3–40.7) | 35.2 (25.6–46.1) | 26.2 (18.9–35.1) | 25.3 (23.0–27.7) | 26.8 (24.7–29.1) | 0.000 |
Income | ||||||
Below 60% | 9.9 (7.0–13.9) | 11.7 (6.3–20.5) | 9.9 (5.4–17.2) | 15.4 (13.3–17.7) | 14.4 (12.5–16.4) | |
60–150% | 66.5 (60.4–72.1) | 68.1 (57.7–76.9) | 72.2 (63.2–79.8) | 65.3 (62.9–67.6) | 65.8 (63.6–68.0) | |
Above 150% | 23.6 (18.7–29.3) | 20.3 (13.1–30.0) | 17.9 (11.9–26.0) | 19.3 (17.1–21.7) | 19.8 (17.8–22.0) | 0.052 |
Sports behaviour | ||||||
Sports activity aggregated (in the last 3 months) | ||||||
No sports | 10.8 (8.1–14.5) | 8.6 (4.6–15.5) | 26.8 (18.8–36.7) | 44.7 (42.0–47.4) | 38.7 (36.4–41.1) | |
Sports activity per week | 89.2 (85.5–91.9) | 91.4 (84.5–95.4) | 73.2 (63.3–81.2) | 55.3 (52.6–58.0) | 61.3 (58.9–63.6) | 0.000 |
Health status | ||||||
Subjective health status | ||||||
Good/very good | 66.5 (60.9–71.6) | 66.8 (57.1–75.3) | 65.0 (55.9–73.1) | 69.3 (66.6–71.8) | 68.7 (66.3–70.9) | |
Fair/poor/very poor | 33.5 (28.4–39.1) | 33.2 (24.7–42.9) | 35.0 (26.9–44.1) | 30.7 (28.2–33.4) | 31.3 (29.1–33.7) | 0.515 |
Enabling factor | ||||||
Physician physical activity counselling | ||||||
No | 80.5 (75.4–84.8) | 84.3 (72.2–91.7) | 91.7 (85.0–95.6) | 92.3 (90.7–93.7) | 90.6 (89.1–92.0) | |
Yes | 19.5 (15.2–24.6) | 15.7 (8.3–27.8) | 8.3 (4.4–15.0) | 7.7 (6.3–9.3) | 9.4 (8.0–10.9) | 0.000 |
Regression analysis
Model 1 Odds ratio (95% CI) | Model 2 Odds ratio (95% CI) | Model 3 Odds ratio (95% CI) | Model 4 Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Sex t0 | ||||
Women | 2.55*** (1.98–3.29) | 2.54*** (1.95–3.32) | 2.58*** (1.98–3.38) | 2.69*** (1.90–3.80) |
Men | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Age t0 | ||||
18–29 years | 0.99 (0.57–1.72) | 0.92 (0.52–1.61) | 0.99 (0.55–1.78) | 0.96 (0.53–1.74) |
30–44 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
45–64 years | 1.02 (0.68–1.54) | 1.08 (0.71–1.64) | 1.06 (0.69–1.61) | 1.15 (0.74–1.81) |
65–79 years | 0.40 (0.15–1.08) | 0.52 (0.18–1.50) | 0.46 (0.16–1.35) | – |
Age t1 | ||||
30–44 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
45–64 years | 0.92 (0.57–1.48) | 0.85 (0.52–1.39) | 0.83 (0.49–1.40) | 0.77 (0.46–1.30) |
65–79 years | 1.18 (0.61–2.28) | 1.15 (0.58–2.26) | 1.13 (0.56–2.31) | – |
Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
Educational level t0 | ||||
Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Middle | 1.82** (1.18–2.80) | 1.41 (0.92–2.16) | 1.47 (0.96–2.26) | 1.19 (0.70–2.04) |
High | 2.60*** (1.61–4.20) | 1.80* (1.12–2.91) | 1.88* (1.16–3.04) | 1.59 (0.85–2.97) |
Income t0 | ||||
Below 60% | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
60–150% | 1.12 (0.72–1.72) | 1.12 (0.73–1.73) | 1.12 (0.74–1.70) | 1.19 (0.71–1.98) |
Above 150% | 1.34 (0.84–2.15) | 1.26 (0.80–1.98) | 1.27 (0.82–1.99) | 1.01 (0.55–1.85) |
Income t1 | ||||
Below 60% | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
60–150% | 1.44 (0.94–2.21) | 1.27 (0.82–1.98) | 1.37 (0.89–2.10) | 1.22 (0.73–2.04) |
Above 150% | 1.52 (0.90–2.57) | 1.17 (0.69–1.98) | 1.30 (0.78–2.17) | 1.21 (0.66–2.22) |
Sports behaviour | ||||
Sports activity aggregated (in the last 3 months) t0 | ||||
No sports | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
Sports activity per week | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) | 1.04 (0.82–1.33) | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) | |
Sports activity aggregated (in the last 3 months) t1 | ||||
No sports | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
Sports activity per week | 6.20*** (4.20–9.14) | 6.59*** (4.44–9.80) | 6.46*** (4.14–10.10) | |
Health status | ||||
Subjective health status t0 | ||||
Good/very good | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Fair/poor/very poor | 0.78 (0.54–1.13) | 0.82 (0.52–1.28) | ||
Subjective health status t1 | ||||
Good/very good | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Fair/poor/very poor | 1.94*** (1.42–2.66) | 1.71** (1.14–2.57) | ||
Enabling factor | ||||
Physician physical activity counselling t0 | ||||
No | Ref. | |||
Yes | 0.99 (0.64–1.51) | |||
Physician physical activity counselling t1 | ||||
No | Ref. | |||
Yes | 2.50*** (1.64–3.80) | |||
Nagelkerke | 0.065 | 0.164 | 0.175 | 0.177 |
Model 1 Odds ratio (95% CI) | Model 2 Odds ratio (95% CI) | Model 3 Odds ratio (95% CI) | Model 4 Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Sex t0 | ||||
Women | 3.00** (1.45–6.21) | 2.88** (1.35–6.13) | 3.05** (1.42–6.57) | 5.19** (1.69–15.96) |
Men | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Age t0 | ||||
17–29 years | 0.91 (0.16–5.12) | 0.92 (0.16–5.22) | 1.04 (0.19–5.79) | 1.18 (0.20–7.13) |
30–44 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
45–64 years | 2.59* (1.03–6.51) | 2.36 (0.94–5.89) | 2.29 (0.88–5.92) | 2.61 (0.87–7.84) |
65–79 years | 2.57 (0.18–37.22) | 1.59 (0.11–22.68) | 1.47 (0.10–20.98) | – |
Age t1 | ||||
30–44 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref | Ref |
45–64 years | 1.38 (0.31–6.12) | 1.43 (0.31–6.52) | 1.58 (0.35–7.14) | 1.69 (0.35–8.12) |
65–79 years | 1.06 (0.17–6.50) | 1.33 (0.22–7.94) | 1.57 (0.26–9.60) | – |
Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
Educational level t0 | ||||
Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Middle | 1.21 (0.50–2.93) | 1.37 (0.54–3.44) | 1.46 (0.61–3.54) | 2.75 (0.72–10.61) |
High | 2.50 (0.95–6.61) | 2.56 (0.90–7.31) | 2.87* (1.02–8.13) | 4.17 (0.91–19.16) |
Income t0 | ||||
Below 60% | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
60–150% | 0.73 (0.28–1.90) | 0.54 (0.22–1.35) | 0.56 (0.22–1.38) | 0.28 (0.08–1.00) |
Above 150% | 0.82 (0.26–2.59) | 0.68 (0.21–2.18) | 0.65 (0.20–2.08) | 0.39 (0.08–1.97) |
Income t1 | ||||
Below 60% | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
60–150% | 0.72 (0.26–1.99) | 0.80 (0.28–2.30) | 0.69 (0.24–1.98) | 0.69 (0.17–2.74) |
Above 150% | 0.79 (0.26–2.41) | 0.89 (0.29–2.77) | 0.79 (0.24–2.60) | 1.3 (0.30–5.73) |
Sports behaviour | ||||
Sports activity aggregated (in the last 3 months) t0 | ||||
No sports | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
Sports activity per week | – | 1.50 (0.67–3.35) | 1.44 (0.64–3.25) | 1.73 (0.48–6.23) |
Sports activity aggregated (in the last 3 months) t1 | ||||
No sports | Ref. | Ref | Ref. | |
Sports activity per week | 3.71** (1.50–9.17) | 3.86** (1.51–9.82) | 4.51* (1.34–15.24) | |
Health status | ||||
Subjective health status t0 | ||||
Good/very good | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Fair/poor/very poor | 0.78 (0.40–1.52) | 0.54 (0.19–1.56) | ||
Subjective health status t1 | ||||
Good/very good | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Fair/poor/very poor | 1.21 (0.61–2.41) | 1.71 (0.56–5.23) | ||
Enabling factor | ||||
Physician physical activity counselling t0 | ||||
No | Ref. | |||
Yes | 1.36 (0.49–3.77) | |||
Physician physical activity counselling t1 | ||||
No | Ref. | |||
Yes | 3.15 (0.98–10.09) | |||
Nagelkerke | 0.137 | 0.196 | 0.202 | 0.288 |