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Seminars in Immunopathology
Erschienen in: Seminars in Immunopathology 5/2017

02.05.2017 | Review

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology

verfasst von: Rudragouda Channappanavar, Stanley Perlman

Erschienen in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Abstract

Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) can be divided into low pathogenic and highly pathogenic coronaviruses. The low pathogenic CoVs infect the upper respiratory tract and cause mild, cold-like respiratory illness. In contrast, highly pathogenic hCoVs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) predominantly infect lower airways and cause fatal pneumonia. Severe pneumonia caused by pathogenic hCoVs is often associated with rapid virus replication, massive inflammatory cell infiltration and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses resulting in acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent studies in experimentally infected animal strongly suggest a crucial role for virus-induced immunopathological events in causing fatal pneumonia after hCoV infections. Here we review the current understanding of how a dysregulated immune response may cause lung immunopathology leading to deleterious clinical manifestations after pathogenic hCoV infections.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology
verfasst von
Rudragouda Channappanavar
Stanley Perlman
Publikationsdatum
02.05.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Seminars in Immunopathology / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x

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