Background
Methods
Data sources
Case definition
The sociodemographic index
Risk factors and population attributable fraction
Statistical analysis
Results
Cross-sectional analysis
Association between disease burden and SDI
Temporal trend analysis of disease burden
Year range | Incidence (95% CI) | Year range | Prevalence (95% CI) | Year range | DALYs (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average annual percent change (AAPC) | ||||||
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1990–2017 | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.00)* | 1990–2017 | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93)* | 1990–2017 | 0.20 (0.07 to 0.34)* |
Osteoarthritis | 0.14 (0.09 to 0.18)* | 0.24 (0.19 to 0.30)* | 0.26 (0.20 to 0.31)* | |||
Low back pain | − 0.91 (− 0.94 to − 0.89)* | − 0.96 (− 0.98 to − 0.93)* | − 0.96 (− 0.98 to − 0.93)* | |||
Neck pain | 0.07 (0.06 to 0.08)* | 0.08 (0.08 to 0.09)* | 0.09 (0.07 to 0.12)* | |||
Gout | 0.23 (0.21 to 0.24)* | 0.25 (0.23 to 0.27)* | 0.25 (0.23 to 0.27)* | |||
Annual percent change (APC) | ||||||
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1990–2000 | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98)* | 1990–2000 | 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83)* | 1990–1995 | − 1.19 (− 1.85 to − 0.52)* |
2000–2005 | − 0.81 (− 1.05 to − 0.56)* | 2000–2005 | − 1.00 (− 1.17 to − 0.83)* | 1995–2007 | 0.39 (0.19 to 0.60)* | |
2005–2010 | 3.14 (2.88 to 3.40)* | 2005–2010 | 3.26 (3.07 to 3.45)* | 2007–2010 | 1.43 (− 1.68 to 4.63) | |
2010–2017 | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.75)* | 2010–2017 | 0.69 (0.61 to 0.77)* | 2010–2017 | 0.18 (− 0.26 to 0.63) | |
Osteoarthritis | 1990–1998 | 0.35 (0.28 to 0.42)* | 1990–1998 | 0.37 (0.30 to 0.44)* | 1990–1998 | 0.41 (0.34 to 0.48)* |
1998–2005 | 1.52 (1.42 to 1.63)* | 1998–2005 | 1.60 (1.49 to 1.72)* | 1998–2005 | 1.61 (1.50 to 1.72)* | |
2005–2010 | −1.80 (−1.98 to − 1.61)* | 2005–2010 | −1.27 (− 1.47 to − 1.06)* | 2005–2010 | − 1.28 (− 1.48 to − 1.08)* | |
2010–2017 | − 0.09 (− 0.17 to − 0.02)* | 2010–2017 | − 0.17 (− 0.25 to − 0.09)* | 2010–2017 | − 0.16 (− 0.25 to − 0.07)* | |
Low back pain | 1990–1994 | − 4.50 (− 4.61 to − 4.40)* | 1990–1994 | − 4.71 (− 4.81 to − 4.60)* | 1990–1994 | − 4.74 (− 4.84 to − 4.64)* |
1994–2001 | − 0.33 (− 0.38 to − 0.28)* | 1994–2001 | − 0.36 (− 0.41 to − 0.31)* | 1994–2001 | − 0.32 (− 0.38 to − 0.26)* | |
2001–2008 | − 0.42 (− 0.47 to − 0.36)* | 2001–2009 | − 0.42 (− 0.46 to − 0.38)* | 2001–2009 | − 0.44 (− 0.49 to − 0.40)* | |
2008–2017 | − 0.12 (− 0.15 to − 0.09)* | 2009–2017 | − 0.09 (− 0.13 to − 0.06)* | 2009–2017 | − 0.09 (− 0.13 to − 0.05)* | |
Neck pain | 1990–1996 | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04)* | 1990–1996 | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.04)* | 1990–1993 | 0.03 (− 0.07 to 0.12) |
1996–2004 | 0.35 (0.33 to 0.36)* | 1996–2001 | 0.48 (0.45 to 0.51)* | 1993–1996 | 0.09 (−0.10 to 0.28) | |
2004–2007 | 0.06 (−0.04 to 0.16) | 2001–2005 | 0.52 (0.48 to 0.57)* | 1996–2005 | 0.50 (0.48 to 0.52)* | |
2007–2017 | − 0.12 (− 0.12 to − 0.11)* | 2005–2017 | − 0.20 (− 0.20 to − 0.19)* | 2005–2017 | − 0.20 (− 0.21 to − 0.19)* | |
Gout | 1990–2000 | 0.05 (0.03 to 0.06)* | 1990–2000 | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.09)* | 1990–2000 | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14)* |
2000–2005 | 0.41 (0.34 to 0.47)* | 2000–2005 | 0.43 (0.36 to 0.50)* | 2000–2005 | 0.37 (0.29 to 0.45)* | |
2005–2012 | 0.22 (0.18 to 0.25)* | 2005–2012 | 0.21 (0.18 to 0.25)* | 2005–2012 | 0.18 (0.14 to 0.22)* | |
2012–2017 | 0.41 (0.36 to 0.46)* | 2012–2017 | 0.47 (0.42 to 0.52)* | 2012–2017 | 0.50 (0.45 to 0.55)* |
Temporal trend analysis of risk factor
Disease: risk factor | AAPC | APC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1990–2017 | 1990–1997 | 1997–2002 | 2002–2011 | 2011–2017 |
Smoking | − 0.14 (− 0.24, − 0.04)* | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.46)* | 0.91 (0.51 to 1.32)* | − 1.23 (− 1.37 to − 1.09)* | 0.12 (− 0.10 to 0.33) |
Osteoarthritis | 1990–2017 | 1990–1994 | 1994–2005 | 2005–2010 | 2010–2017 |
High body-mass index | 3.10 (3.03, 3.17)* | 2.53 (2.21 to 2.86)* | 2.98 (2.90 to 3.05)* | 4.69 (4.43 to 4.94)* | 2.50 (2.41 to 2.59)* |
Low back pain | 1990–2017 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2005 | 2005–2010 | 2010–2017 |
Smoking | − 0.22 (− 0.24, − 0.19)* | 0.82 (0.81 to 0.83)* | − 0.51 (− 0.55 to − 0.47)* | − 1.38 (− 1.43 to − 1.34)* | − 0.64 (− 0.66 to − 0.62)* |
Low back pain | 1990–2017 | 1990–1994 | 1994–2005 | 2005–2010 | 2010–2017 |
High body-mass index | 3.07 (2.99, 3.14)* | 1.62 (1.41 to 1.83)* | 2.89 (2.85 to 2.94)* | 5.21 (5.05 to 5.38)* | 2.65 (2.59 to 2.71)* |
Low back pain | 1990–2017 | 1990–1994 | 1994–2004 | 2004–2013 | 2013–2017 |
Occupational ergonomic factors | − 1.25 (− 1.29, − 1.21)* | − 1.74 (− 1.89 to − 1.58)* | − 0.83 (− 0.88 to − 0.79)* | − 1.80 (− 1.86 to − 1.75)* | − 0.56 (− 0.74 to − 0.39)* |
Gout | 1990–2017 | 1990–2005 | 2005–2009 | 2009–2013 | 2013–2017 |
High body-mass index | 3.12 (3.04, 3.20)* | 2.74 (2.70 to 2.78)* | 5.48 (5.08 to 5.87)* | 3.20 (2.86 to 3.54)* | 2.12 (1.92 to 2.32)* |
Gout | 1990–2017 | 1990–1996 | 1996–2005 | 2005–2012 | 2012–2017 |
Impaired kidney function | − 0.95 (− 1.00, − 0.90)* | − 0.56 (− 0.62 to − 0.50)* | − 3.11 (− 3.14 to − 3.07)* | − 0.05 (− 0.10 to 0.01) | 1.29 (1.21 to 1.36)* |