Background
Methods
Setting and data Sources
Cohort and exposure definitions
Statistical analyses
Results
Study population
Characteristic | Breast cancer | Colorectal cancer | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All N = 8711 | Breast cancer death N = 1055 | Matched controla, b, c
N = 1577 | All N = 8520 | Colorectal cancer death N = 1668 | Matched controla, b
N = 1668 | |||||
Matched covariates | ||||||||||
Age in years–Median (IQR)d
| 69 | (57.77) | 71 | (58.78) | 70 | (59.77) | 75 (70.80) | 75 (69.79) | 74 (68.78) | |
Tumor stage–N (%)e
| I | 2651 (30.4) | 141 (13.3) | 244 (13.3) | 1546 (18.2) | 184 (11.0) | 184 (11.0) | |||
II | 4603 (52.9) | 623 (59.1) | 995 (59.1) | 3608 (42.3) | 756 (45.3) | 756 (45.3) | ||||
III | 1457 (16.7) | 291 (27.6) | 338 (27.6) | 3366 (39.5) | 728 (43.7) | 728 (43.7) | ||||
Pre-diagnostic statin use–N (%)f
| 2508 (28.8) | 248 (23.5) | 377 (23.5) | 977 (11.5) | 198 (11.9) | 198 (11.9) | ||||
Pre-diagnosis statin intensity–Mean (SD)f
| 0.77 (0.3) | 0.77 (0.32) | 0.77 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.32) | 0.74 (0.32) | 0.75 (0.32) | ||||
Gender Male–N (%) | – | – | – | 4682 (54.9) | 915 (54.9) | 874 (52.4) | ||||
Unmatched covariates | ||||||||||
Treatments - N (%)g
| Chemotherapy | 3260 (37.4) | 449 (42.6) | 772 (49.0) | 2697 (31.7) | 570 (34.1) | 745 (44.6) | |||
Radiation | 5355 (61.5) | 566 (53.7) | 1102 (69.9) | 1370 (16.1) | 370 (22.2) | 260 (15.6) | ||||
Surgery | 7487 (86.0) | 803 (76.1) | 1480 (94.9) | 7971 (91.4) | 1362 (81.7) | 1628 (97.6) | ||||
All three modalities | 2519 (29.0) | 324 (30.7) | 624 (39.6) | 885 (10.4) | 204 (12.2) | 211 (12.7) | ||||
Tumor grade–N (%)d
| 1 | 862 (9.9) | 30 (2.8) | 141 (8.9) | 530 (6.2) | 80 (4.8) | 104 (6.2) | |||
2 | 4275 (49.1) | 369 (35.0) | 821 (52.1) | 6017 (70.6) | 1071 (64.2) | 1252 (45.1) | ||||
3 | 2762 (31.7) | 509 (48.3) | 504 (32.0) | 1045 (12.3) | 270 (16.2) | 184 (11.0) | ||||
Unspecified | 812 (9.3) | 147 (13.9) | 111 (7.0) | 900 (10.6) | 247 (14.8) | 128 (7.7) | ||||
Smoking–N (%)d
| Current | 1747 (20.1) | 235 (22.3) | 298 (18.9) | 1165 (13.7) | 282 (16.9) | 200 (12.0) | |||
Past | 3993 (45.8) | 118 (11.2) | 199 (12.6) | 3415 (40.1) | 302 (18.1) | 347 (20.8) | ||||
Never | 1004 (11.5) | 437 (41.4) | 783 (49.7) | 1731 (20.3) | 640 (38.4) | 749 (44.9) | ||||
Unspecified | 1967 (22.6) | 265 (25.1) | 297 (18.8) | 2209 (25.9) | 444 (26.6) | 372 (22.3) | ||||
Deprivation Score–N (%)d
| 1 - Low | 1098 (12.6) | 133 (12.6) | 207 (13.1) | 1225 (14.4) | 211 (12.7) | 269 (16.1) | |||
2 | 954 (11.0) | 113 (10.7) | 184 (11.6) | 926 (10.9) | 168 (10.1) | 192 (11.5) | ||||
3 | 1091 (12.5) | 129 (12.2) | 196 (12.4) | 1157 (13.6) | 255 (15.3) | 202 (12.1) | ||||
4 | 1563 (17.9) | 181 (17.1) | 297 (18.8) | 1550 (18.2) | 300 (18.0) | 288 (16.8) | ||||
5 - High | 3428 (39.4) | 424 (40.2) | 602 (38.2) | 3163 (37.1) | 633 (38.0) | 617 (17.3) | ||||
Unspecified | 577 (6.6) | 75 (7.1) | 91 (5.8) | 499 (5.9) | 101 (6.1) | 100 (6.0) |
Statin initiation approaching end of Life
Continued statin use at end of Life
Statin use within exposure windows | Breast cancer a, b
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases-N (statin use %) | Controls-N (statin use %)c
| RR (95%CI) | RD (95%CI) | |||
49–60 months prior to death/index | 26 (88.5) | 31 (87.1) | 1.02 | (0.85, 1.21) | 0.01 | (−0.14, 0.17) |
43–48 months prior to death/index | 51 (90.2) | 65 (87.7) | 1.03 | (0.91, 1.16) | 0.03 | (−0.08, 0.13) |
37–42 months prior to death/index | 62 (90.3) | 82 (89.0) | 1.01 | (0.91, 1.13) | 0.01 | (−0.08, 0.11) |
33–36 months prior to death/index | 90 (87.8) | 123 (88.6) | 0.99 | (0.90, 1.09) | −0.01 | (−0.09, 0.07) |
29–32 months prior to death/index | 110 (88.2) | 154 (90.3) | 0.98 | (0.91, 1.05) | −0.02 | (−0.09, 0.05) |
25–28 months prior to death/index | 126 (89.7) | 175 (89.1) | 1.01 | (0.94, 1.08) | 0.01 | (−0.06, 0.07) |
22–24 months prior to death/index | 143 (88.1) | 202 (86.6) | 1.02 | (0.95, 1.09) | 0.01 | (−0.05, 0.08) |
19–21 months prior to death/index | 160 (87.5) | 229 (85.2) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.1) | 0.02 | (−0.04, 0.08) |
16–18 months prior to death/index | 176 (84.7) | 258 (84.5) | 1.00 | (0.93, 1.08) | 0.00 | (−0.06, 0.06) |
13–15 months prior to death/index | 188 (84.0) | 278 (81.7) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.1) | 0.02 | (−0.03, 0.08) |
10–12 months prior to death/index | 198 (83.8) | 294 (83.7) | 1.00 | (0.93, 1.08) | 0.00 | (−0.06, 0.06) |
7–9 months prior to death/index | 214 (81.3) | 321 (84.7) | 0.96 | (0.89, 1.03 | −0.03 | (−0.10, 0.03) |
4–6 months prior to death/index | 224 (79.9) | 338 (83.1) | 0.96 | (0.89, 1.04) | −0.03 | (−0.09, 0.03) |
3 months prior to death/index | 234 (70.5) | 352 (81.8) |
0.86
| (0.79, 0.94)* | −0.11
| (−0.18, −0.05)* |
2 months prior to death/index | 238 (66.4) | 359 (82.2) |
0.81
| (0.73, 0.89)* | −0.16
| (−0.23, −0.09)* |
4–3 weeks prior to death/index | 242 (56.6) | 365 (79.5) |
0.71
| (0.63, 0.80)* | −0.23
| (−0.30, −0.16)* |
2 weeks prior to death/index | 245 (50.2) | 371 (77.1) |
0.65
| (0.57, 0.74)* | −0.27
| (−0.34, −0.2)* |
1 week prior to death/index | 247 (45.7) | 375 (76.5) |
0.60
| (0.52, 0.69)* | −0.30
| (−0.38, −0.23)* |
Statin use within exposure windows | Colorectal cancera, b
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases-N (statin use %) | Controls-N (statin use %)c
| RR (95%CI) | RD (95%CI) | |||
49–60 months prior to death/index | 17 (94.1) | 17 (76.5) | 1.23 | (0.97, 1.56) | 0.18 | (0.00, 0.36) |
43–48 months prior to death/index | 31 (83.9) | 31 (83.9) | 1.00 | (0.83, 1.20) | 0.00 | (−0.15, 0.15) |
37–42 months prior to death/index | 42 (88.1) | 42 (88.1) | 1.00 | (0.88, 1.14) | 0.00 | (−0.11, 0.11) |
33–36 months prior to death/index | 55 (87.3) | 55 (85.5) | 1.02 | (0.90, 1.16) | 0.02 | (−0.09, 0.13) |
29–32 months prior to death/index | 64 (90.6) | 64 (85.9) | 1.05 | (0.95, 1.17) | 0.05 | (−0.04, 0.14) |
25–28 months prior to death/index | 72 (86.1) | 72 (86.1) | 1.00 | (0.89, 1.13) | 0.00 | (−0.10, 0.10) |
22–24 months prior to death/index | 87 (82.8) | 87 (82.8) | 1.00 | (0.90, 1.12) | 0.00 | (−0.09, 0.09) |
19–21 months prior to death/index | 100 (84.0) | 100 (82.0) | 1.02 | (0.93, 1.13) | 0.02 | (−0.06, 0.10) |
16–18 months prior to death/index | 106 (80.2) | 106 (84.0) | 0.96 | (0.86, 1.06) | -0.04 | (−0.12, 0.04) |
13–15 months prior to death/index | 118 (80.5) | 118 (87.3) | 0.92 | (0.84, 1.02) | -0.07 | (−0.15, 0.01) |
10–12 months prior to death/index | 128 (78.1) | 128 (86.7) | 0.90 | (0.81, 1.00) | -0.09 | (−0.17, 0.00) |
7–9 months prior to death/index | 138 (76.1) | 138 (81.9) | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.04) | -0.06 | (−0.15, 0.03) |
4–6 months prior to death/index | 148 (75.0) | 148 (83.8) | 0.90 | (0.80, 1.00) | -0.09 | (−0.17, 0.00) |
3 months prior to death/index | 162 (61.1) | 162 (79.0) |
0.77
| (0.68, 0.88)* | −0.18
| (−0.27, −0.09)* |
2 months prior to death/index | 171 (56.1) | 171 (79.5) |
0.71
| (0.61, 0.81)* | −0.23
| (−0.32, −0.14)* |
4–3 weeks prior to death/index | 185 (42.7) | 185 (77.8) |
0.55
| (0.46, 0.66)* | −0.35
| (−0.44, −0.26)* |
2 weeks prior to death/index | 192 (34.9) | 192 (77.1) |
0.45
| (0.37, 0.55)* | −0.42
| (−0.51, −0.36)* |
1 week prior to death/index | 195 (30.8) | 195 (77.4) |
0.40
| (0.32, 0.49)* | −0.47
| (−0.55, −0.38)* |