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Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Erschienen in:

01.05.2020 | HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Pediatric HIV: the Potential of Immune Therapeutics to Achieve Viral Remission and Functional Cure

verfasst von: Stella J. Berendam, Ashley N. Nelson, Ria Goswami, Deborah Persaud, Nancy L. Haigwood, Ann Chahroudi, Genevieve G. Fouda, Sallie R. Permar

Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Ausgabe 3/2020

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), more than 50% of perinatally HIV-infected children die by 2 years of age. Early ART from infancy is therefore a global recommendation and significantly improves immune health, child survival, and disease outcome. However, even early treatment does not prevent or eradicate the latent reservoir necessitating life-long ART. Adherence to life-long ART is challenging for children and longstanding ART during chronic HIV infection led to higher risks of non-AIDS co-morbidities and virologic failure in infected children. Thus, HIV-infected children are an important population for consideration for immune-based interventions to achieve ART-free remission and functional cure. This review summarizes how the uniqueness of the early life immune system can be harnessed for the development of ART-free remission and functional cure, which means complete virus control in absence of ART. In addition, recent advances in therapeutics in the HIV cure field and their potential for the treatment of pediatric HIV infections are discussed.

Recent Findings

Preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrated that immune-based interventions target HIV replication, limit size of virus reservoir, maintain virus suppression, and delay time to virus rebound. However, these studies have been performed so far only in carefully selected HIV-infected adults, highlighting the need to evaluate the efficacy of immune-based therapeutics in HIV-infected children and to design interventions tailored to the early life maturing immune system.

Summary

Immune-based therapeutics alone or in combination with ART should be actively explored as potential strategies to achieve viral remission and functional cure in HIV-infected pediatric populations.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pediatric HIV: the Potential of Immune Therapeutics to Achieve Viral Remission and Functional Cure
verfasst von
Stella J. Berendam
Ashley N. Nelson
Ria Goswami
Deborah Persaud
Nancy L. Haigwood
Ann Chahroudi
Genevieve G. Fouda
Sallie R. Permar
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Ausgabe 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-020-00495-1

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