Background
Methods
Study sample
Instrument
Measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant characteristics
Total sample
N = 474,768 (n = 4020) CI = 405,872 - 543,663 | High PA
N = 213,443 (n = 1623) CI = 177,470 – 249,415 | Low PA
N = 261,324 (n = 2397) CI = 222,873 – 299,776 |
χ
2
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | ||||
Sex | ||||
Female | 50.5% (48.0% – 52.9%) | 40.7% (38.0% – 43.6%) | 58.4% (55.0% – 61.8%) | 80.44*** |
Male | 49.5% (47.1%–52.0%) | 59.3% (56.4%– 62.0%) | 41.6% (38.2% – 45.0%) | |
Age | ||||
< 16 years | 40.5% (33.6% – 47.8%) | 43.3% (35.5% – 51.4%) | 38.2% (31.6% – 45.4%) | 4.88* |
≥ 16 years | 59.5% (52.2% – 66.4%) | 56.7% (48.6% – 64.5%) | 61.8% (54.6% – 68.4%) | |
Race | ||||
Non–Hispanic white | 70.9% (63.5% – 77.3%) | 75.7% (69.1% – 81.2%) | 67.0% (58.5% – 74.5%) | 17.77*** |
Non–Hispanic black | 15.2% (10.6% – 21.4%) | 12.3% (8.2% – 17.9%) | 17.6% (12.2% – 24.7%) | 9.61** |
Hispanic | 8.4% (6.2% – 11.3%) | 6.9% (4.9% – 9.6%) | 9.6% (7.1% – 13.0%) | 11.68*** |
Asian | 2.4% (1.8% – 3.2%) | 1.6% (1.0% –2.6%) | 3.0% (2.2% – 4.1%) | 7.25** |
Other | 3.1% (2.6% – 3.8%) | 3.5% (2.6% – 4.7%) | 2.8% (2.2% – 3.5%) | 1.54 |
Academic achievement | ||||
Earned mostly A’s & B’s | 82.8% (79.3% – 85.7%) | 85.2% (81.2%– 88.5%) | 80.8% (77.0% – 84.1%) | 6.34* |
Overweight/obese | 29.5% (27.2% – 32.0%) | 25.3% (22.6% – 28.2%) | 33.1% (30.3% – 36.0%) | 23.62*** |
Environmental level variables | ||||
Dataset (PA State vs. Philadelphia City) | ||||
Philadelphia City | 5.0% (3.9% – 6.3%) | 3.6% (2.8% – 4.6%) | 6.1% (4.7% – 7.8%) | 34.26*** |
Perceived safety | ||||
Rarely/never feel safe | 7.6% (6.1% – 9.4%) | 5.9% (4.6% – 7.7%) | 8.9% (7.1% – 11.1%) | 19.35*** |
Health related variables | ||||
≥ 4 h screen time/day | 51.7% (48.7% – 54.6%) | 45.1% (40.8% – 49.3%) | 57.1% (53.3% – 60.8%) | 19.34*** |
≥ 1 day PE/week | 58.6% (50.7% – 66.1%) | 65.3% (56.9% – 72.7%) | 53.2% (45.0% – 61.2%) | 23.20*** |
≥ 1 sports teams | 60.9% (57.9% – 63.8%) | 79.4% (76.1% – 82.4%) | 45.8% (42.6% – 49.0%) | 258.78*** |
≥ 8 h sleep/night | 25.6% (23.4% – 27.9%) | 28.8% (25.7% – 32.0%) | 23.1% (20.6% – 25.7%) | 9.78** |
Current alcohol use | 30.6% (27.7% – 33.7%) | 31.0% (27.4% – 34.9%) | 30.3% (26.7% – 34.1%) | 0.12 |
Current cigarette use | 11.9% (9.7% – 14.6%) | 11.8% (9.1% – 15.2%) | 12.6% (9.4% – 15.3%) | 0.02 |
≥ 2 servings fruit/day | 28.9% (26.5% – 31.3%) | 36.3% (33.0% – 39.7%) | 22.8% (20.6% – 25.2%) | 84.88*** |
≥ 3 servings veg/day | 10.5% (8.8% – 12.4%) | 15.2% (12.2% – 18.7%) | 6.6% (5.2% – 8.4%) | 31.43*** |
Variables associated with five or more days per week of physical activity
Variables associated with recreational screen-based sedentary behavior
≥4 Hours Recreational Screen time per Day
N = 245,305; n = 2152 CI = 206,106 – 284,503 | <4 Hours Recreational Screen–time per Day N = 229,463; n = 1868 CI = 194,206 – 264,719 |
χ
2
| |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | |||
Sex | |||
Female | 48.1% (44.8% – 51.3%) | 53.0% (49.4% – 56.6%) | 4.17* |
Male | 51.9% (48.7% – 55.2%) | 47.0% (43.4 – 50.6%) | 4.17* |
Age | |||
< 16 years | 42.9% (35.6% – 50.6%) | 37.9% (30.8% – 45.7%) | |
≥ 16 years | 57.1% (49.4% – 64.4%) | 62.1% (54.3% – 69.2%) | 3.88* |
Race | |||
Non–Hispanic white | 67.8% (59.3% – 75.2%) | 74.2% (67.6% – 79.8%) | 12.67*** |
Non–Hispanic black | 18.1% (12.5% – 25.5%) | 12.1% (8.1% – 17.7%) | 9.65** |
Hispanic | 9.2% (6.9% – 12.2%) | 7.6% (5.2% – 10.8%) | 3.57 |
Asian | 1.7% (1.2% –2.4%) | 3.1% (2.2% –4.3%) | 10.28*** |
Other | 3.2% (2.5% – 4.0%) | 3.1% (2.3% – 4.1%) | 0.02 |
Academic achievement | |||
Earned mostly A’s & B’s | 78.4% (74.4% – 81.9%) | 87.5% (83.6% – 90.5%) | 21.28*** |
Overweight or obese | 34.2% (31.1% – 37.5%) | 24.6% (21.2% – 28.3%) | 14.28*** |
Environmental level variables | |||
Philadelphia City | 5.6% (4.3% – 7.1%) | 4.4% (3.4% – 5.7%) | 8.07** |
Perceived safety | |||
Rarely/never feel safe | 7.9% (6.3% – 9.9%) | 7.2% (5.3% – 9.6%) | 0.51 |
Health related variables | |||
≥ 5 days physical activity | 39.5% (35.7% – 43.5%) | 51.1% (47.2% – 55.0%) | 19.34*** |
≥ 1 day PE/week | 59.3% (51.3% – 66.9%) | 57.8% (49.0% – 66.1%) | 0.29 |
≥ 1 sports teams | 55.0% (51.5% – 58.4%) | 67.2% (63.1% – 71.0%) | 27.09*** |
≥ 8 h sleep/night | 25.0% (22.5% – 27.7%) | 26.3% (23.3% – 29.6%) | 0.55 |
Current alcohol use | 29.5% (26.0% – 33.3%) | 31.8% (28.0% – 35.8%) | 0.97 |
Current cigarette use | 12.4% (9.7% – 15.6%) | 11.4% (9.0% – 14.4%) | 0.47 |
≥ 2 servings fruit/day | 27.2% (24.5% – 30.0%) | 30.7% (27.5% – 34.0%) | 3.38 |
≥ 3 servings veg/ day | 8.6% (6.8% – 10.9%) | 12.4% (10.5% – 14.7%) | 12.30*** |
Independent association between perceived safety and high physical activity
OR | 95% Confidence Interval |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (1 = Male) | 2.11 | 1.78 – 2.51 | <0.001 |
Race (1 = Non-Hispanic White) | 1.42 | 1.12 - 1.80 | 0.004 |
Academic achievement | 0.94 | 0.73 – 1.21 | 0.640 |
Overweight or obese | 0.87 | 0.72-1.04 | 0.129 |
City of Philadelphia only | 1.11 | 0.82-1.48 | 0.499 |
Sports team participation | 4.40 | 3.56-5.43 | <0.001 |
≥ 8 or more hours of sleep | 1.17 | 0.10-1.41 | 0.117 |
Adequate fruit consumption | 1.62 | 1.36-1.92 | <0.001 |
Adequate vegetable consumption | 2.17 | 1.48-3.20 | <0.001 |
High screen based sedentary behavior | 0.69 | 0.54-0.88 | <0.001 |
Low perceived safety | 0.79 | 0.56-0.89 | 0.044 |
Independent association between perceived safety and recreational screen-based sedentary behavior
OR | 95% Confidence interval |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (1 = Male) | 1.25 | 1.01-1.53 | 0.039 |
Race (1 = Non-Hispanic White) | 0.83 | 0.68-1.01 | 0.066 |
Academic achievement | 0.60 | 0.44-0.80 | <0.001 |
Overweight or obese | 1.39 | 1.10-1.75 | 0.006 |
Physical Education class participation | 1.18 | 0.94-1.49 | 0.152 |
Sports team participation | 0.73 | 0.61-0.89 | 0.002 |
Adequate vegetable consumption | 0.67 | 0.52-0.86 | 0.002 |
High physical activity | 0.67 | 0.54-0.85 | 0.001 |
Low perceived safety | 0.84 | 0.60-1.18 | 0.311 |