Background
Methods
Results
Respondent characteristics
Characteristic | Study 2011 N (%) | Study 2013 N (%) |
---|---|---|
All | 361 (100.0) | 296 (100.0) |
Gender | ||
Male | 329 (91.1) | 275 (92.9) |
Female | 32 (8.9) | 21 (7.1) |
Age | ||
30-39 years | 7 (1.9) | 1 (0.3) |
40-49 years | 152 (42.1) | 89 (30.1) |
50-59 years | 169 (46.8) | 160 (54.1) |
60 + years | 33 (9.2) | 46 (15.5) |
Specialty | ||
Internal medicine | 70 (19.4) | 48 (16.2) |
Surgery | 129 (35.7) | 79 (26.7) |
Psychiatry and Neurology | 27 (7.5) | 16 (5.4) |
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics | 48 (13.3) | 35 (11.8) |
Dermatology, Urology | 29 (8.0) | 25 (8.5) |
Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology | 33 (9.1) | 43 (14.5) |
Others | 25 (7.0) | 50 (16.9) |
Type of clinical facility | ||
University hospital | 206 (57.0) | 149 (50.3) |
General hospital | 72 (20.0) | 48 (16.2) |
Hospital | 17(4.7) | 13 (4.4) |
Clinic | 59 (16.0) | 77 (26.0) |
Dental hospital | 7(1.9) | 9 (3.1) |
Hospital location | ||
Seoul | 115 (31.9) | 96 (32.4) |
Incheon/ Gyeonggi | 84 (23.3) | 66 (22.3) |
Busan/ Ulsan/ Gyeong nam | 50 (13.8) | 35 (11.8) |
Daegu/ Gyeong buk | 31 (8.6) | 28 (9.5) |
Daejeon/ Chung cheong | 35 (9.7) | 34 (11.5) |
GwangJu/ Jeonra | 41 (11.4) | 34 (11.5) |
Gangwon | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) |
Jeju | 4 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) |
Knowledge of the regulatory BE guideline for generic drugs, the reliability of BE result and the perception of generic drugs
Variables | Answer |
N
| % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | BE criteriaa
| Not informed at all | 12 | 3.3 |
A little informed | 53 | 14.7 | ||
Moderately informed | 228 | 63.2 | ||
Completely informed | 68 | 18.8 | ||
Reliability | BE results | Not at all confident | 3 | 0.8 |
Not very confident | 79 | 21.9 | ||
Neutral | 186 | 51.6 | ||
Very confident | 90 | 24.9 | ||
Completely confident | 3 | 0.9 | ||
Perceptions | Safety and effectiveness compared to original | Non-equivalent | 192 | 53.2 |
Neutral | 106 | 29.3 | ||
Equivalent | 63 | 17.5 | ||
Main reasons for the negative recognition | Clinical experience | 116 | 32 | |
Confidence limit in BE test | 94 | 26 | ||
Confidence limit in generic | 94 | 26 | ||
Effect limit | 32 | 9 | ||
Evidence limit | 11 | 3 | ||
Others (minor opinion)* | 14 | 4 | ||
Price | Low price | 20 | 5.5 | |
Accurate price | 109 | 30.2 | ||
Over price | 232 | 64.3 | ||
Opinions | Reasonable price of generic | Same price as original | 11 | 3 |
80% of original | 93 | 25.8 | ||
70% of original | 95 | 26.3 | ||
60% of original | 85 | 23.5 | ||
Less than 50% of original | 77 | 21.3 | ||
Factors associated with the generic substitution (subjective response) | Same equivalent effects and safety as the original | 316 | 87.5 | |
Confidence of the pharmaceutical company | 34 | 9.4 | ||
Drug price | 8 | 2.2 | ||
Pharmaceutical marketing activity | 2 | 0.6 | ||
Hospital policy | 1 | 0.3 | ||
Factors to improve the generic prescription (multiple response b) | Quality maintenance of generic | 261 | 32.6 | |
BE confidence recovery | 216 | 26.9 | ||
Disclosure of the BE results | 193 | 24 | ||
Price cut | 88 | 10.9 | ||
Incentive policy | 41 | 5 | ||
Others | 5 | 0.6 | ||
Prescription behavior | If generic quality would be improved | Switch to the generic | 305 | 84.4 |
No change | 53 | 14.7 | ||
Switch to the original | 3 | 0.9 |
Category | Variables | Answer | % |
N
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Perceptions | Safe and effective compared to original | Non-equivalent | 71 | 210 |
Neutral | 15.5 | 46 | ||
equivalent | 13.5 | 40 | ||
Prescription behavior | Patients’ OOP | Consider | 87.2 | 258 |
No consider | 12.8 | 38 | ||
After policy reform | Switch to the original | 16.6 | 49 | |
Switch to the generic | 29.7 | 88 | ||
No switch | 35.5 | 105 | ||
Don’t know | 18.2 | 54 | ||
If the patients’ OOP burden is reduced | Switch to the generic | 65.5 | 194 | |
No change | 34.5 | 102 | ||
If the incentive is offered | Switch to the generic | 40.2 | 119 | |
No change | 59.8 | 177 | ||
Opinions | Factors associated with generic substitution (subjective response) | Same equivalent effects and safety as the original | 86.5 | 256 |
Confidence of the pharmaceutical company | 6.1 | 18 | ||
Physicians’ experience | 5.7 | 17 | ||
Drug price | 1.4 | 4 | ||
Hospital policy | 0.3 | 1 | ||
Cost effective drug-use policy (subjective response) | Incentive policy | 14.9 | 44 | |
Improvement of GD quality | 12.8 | 38 | ||
Offering of drug information | 12.5 | 37 | ||
Reasonable price | 9.8 | 29 | ||
Independent prescription rights | 4.1 | 12 | ||
Othersa
(some diverse opinions) | 46 | 136 |
Appropriate generic drugs’ price
Preference between original drugs versus generic drugs
2011 N (%) | 2013 N (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Total | Original | GD | Neutral |
p values | Total | Original | GD | Neutral |
p values |
Total | 361 (100.0) | 277 (76.7%) | 8 (2.2%) | 76 (21.1%) | 296 (100.0) | 216 (73.0%) | 34 (11.5%) | 46 (15.5%) | ||
Type of clinical facility | ||||||||||
University hospital | 206 | 172 (83.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 33 (16.0%) | ** | 149 | 125 (83.8%) | 8 (5.4%) | 16 (10.8%) | ** |
General hospital | 72 | 54 (75.0%) | 3 (4.2%) | 15 (20.8%) | 48 | 40 (83.3%) | 2 (4.2%) | 6 (12.5%) | ||
Hospital | 17 | 13 (76.5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (23.5%) | 13 | 9 (69.2%) | 2 (15.4%) | 2 (15.4%) | ||
Clinic | 59 | 34 (57.6%) | 3 (5.1%) | 22 (37.3%) | 77 | 39 (50.6%) | 18 (23.4%) | 2 (26.0%) | ||
Dental hospital | 7 | 4 (57.1%) | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (28.6%) | 9 | 3 (33.3%) | 4 (44.4%) | 2 (22.2%) | ||
Specialty | ||||||||||
Internal medicine | 70 | 55 (78.6%) | 2 (2.9%) | 13 (18.6%) | 48 | 41 (85.4%) | 1 (2.1%) | 6 (12.5%) | ||
Surgery | 129 | 96 (74.4%) | 2 (1.6%) | 31 (24.0%) | 79 | 50 (63.3%) | 11 (14.0%) | 18 (22.8%) | ||
Psychiatry and Neurology | 27 | 21 (77.8%) | 1 (3.7%) | 5 (18.5%) | 16 | 11 (68.8%) | 3 (18.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics | 48 | 39 (81.3%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (18.8%) | 35 | 25 (71.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 9 (25.7%) | ||
Dermatology, Urology | 29 | 25 (86.2%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (13.8%) | 25 | 18 (72.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | ||
Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology | 33 | 27 (81.8%) | 1 (3.0%) | 5 (15.2%) | 43 | 34 (79.1%) | 5 (11.6%) | 4 (9.3%) | ||
Other | 25 | 14 (56.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 50 | 33 (66.0%) | 10 (20.0%) | 7 (14.0%) | ||
Hospital location | ||||||||||
Seoul | 115 | 90 (78.3%) | 0 (0%) | 25 (21.7%) | * | 96 | 73 (76.0%) | 9 (9.4%) | 14 (14.6%) | * |
Incheon/ Gyeonggi | 84 | 65 (77.4%) | 2 (2.4%) | 17 (20.2%) | 66 | 49 (74.2%) | 5 (7.6%) | 12 (18.2%) | ||
Busan/ Ulsan/ Gyeongnam | 50 | 41 (82.0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (18.0%) | 35 | 23 (65.7%) | 4 (11.4%) | 8 (22.9%) | ||
Daegu/ Gyeongbuk | 31 | 24 (77.4%) | 1 (3.2%) | 6 (19.4%) | 28 | 22 (78.6%) | 1 (3.6%) | 5 (17.9%) | ||
Daejeon/ Chungcheong | 35 | 25 (71.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 9 (25.7%) | 34 | 26 (76.5%) | 4 (11.8%) | 4 (11.8%) | ||
Gwangju/ Jeonra | 41 | 30 (73.2%) | 2 (4.9%) | 9 (22.0%) | 34 | 21 (61.8%) | 10 (29.4%) | 3 (8.8%) | ||
Gangwon | 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 1 | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Jeju | 4 | 2 (50.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |