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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 9/2021

03.03.2021 | Echokardiografie | Allgemeinanästhesie

Perioperative Optimierung mittels auf die Hämodynamik fokussierter Echokardiographie bei Hochrisikopatienten – eine Praxisanleitung

verfasst von: R. F. Trauzeddel, M. Nordine, H. V. Groesdonk, G. Michels, R. Pfister, D. A. Reuter, T. W. L. Scheeren, C. Berger, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. S. Treskatsch

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 9/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Zahl der kardiovaskulären Hochrisikopatienten, die sich einer Operation unterziehen, nimmt stetig zu. Um bei dieser Patientenpopulation die perioperative Hämodynamik sowie das Sauerstoffangebot an die Organe (DO2) aufrechtzuerhalten und zu optimieren, ist eine zeitnahe Beurteilung der kardialen Funktion sowie der zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Ursachen einer hämodynamischen Instabilität in der perioperativen Phase unerlässlich. Hierzu steht eine Vielzahl hämodynamischer Monitoring-Verfahren zur Verfügung, die jedoch aufgrund methodenimmanenter Limitationen oftmals nicht in der Lage sind, Rückschlüsse auf die zugrunde liegende pathophysiologische Ursache zu identifizieren.

Ziel der Arbeit

Im Folgenden wird ein schrittweiser Algorithmus für eine perioperative echokardiographiebasierte hämodynamische Optimierung bei nichtherzchirurgischen Hochrisikopatienten dargestellt. Dabei kann sowohl eine Echokardiographie „bei Bedarf“ entsprechend den internationalen Leitlinien unter bestimmten Bedingungen, wie z. B. hämodynamischer Instabilität, Nichtansprechen einer hämodynamischen Therapie, erfolgen, als auch im Rahmen einer geplanten intraoperativen Anwendung – meist als transösophageale Echokardiographie.

Methoden und Ergebnisse

Die hämodynamisch fokussierte Echokardiographie erlaubt als bettseitige, schnell verfügbare Methode die Diagnose und Beurteilung von kardialen Füllungsbehinderungen, des Volumenstatus und der Volumenreagibilität, der Rechts- und Linksherzfunktion sowie der Klappenfunktion.

Diskussion

In Zusammenschau aller echokardiographischen Befunde sind eine differenzierte Beurteilung der kardiovaskulären Funktion des Patienten und somit eine (patho)physiologisch orientierte und individualisierte hämodynamische Therapie möglich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Perioperative Optimierung mittels auf die Hämodynamik fokussierter Echokardiographie bei Hochrisikopatienten – eine Praxisanleitung
verfasst von
R. F. Trauzeddel
M. Nordine
H. V. Groesdonk
G. Michels
R. Pfister
D. A. Reuter
T. W. L. Scheeren
C. Berger
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. S. Treskatsch
Publikationsdatum
03.03.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 9/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-021-00934-7

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