Background
Methods
Patients and specimens
Clinical criteria | Frequency, n (%) | Clinical criteria | Frequency, n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Age of diagnosis | Recurrence | ||
≤40 | 4 (6.9) | No | 56 (96.6) |
≥40 | 54 (93.1) | Yes | 2 (3.4) |
Ethnicity | Estrogen Receptor | ||
Malay | 54 (93.1) | Positive | 32 (55.2) |
Chinese | 4 (6.9) | Negative | 26 (44.8) |
Tumor Size (mm) | Progesteron Receptor | ||
<30 | 11 (19.0) | Positive | 28 (48.3) |
30 ≤ × < 60 | 27 (46.6) | Negative | 30 (51.7) |
>60 | 17 (29.3) | ||
No data | 3 (5.1) | ||
Tumor Grading | Lymph nodes involvement | ||
Grade I | 10 (17.2) | 1 | 19 (32.8) |
Grade II | 27 (46.6) | 2-4 | 6 (10.3) |
Grade III | 16 (27.6) | >4 | 16 (27.6) |
Not determined | 5 (8.6) | Not involved | 17 (29.3) |
Distant Metastasis | Lymphovascular Invasion (H&E) | ||
Yes | 15 (25.9) | Positive | 26 (44.8) |
No | 37 (63.8) | Negative | 28 (48.3) |
Not determined | 6 (10.3) | Not determined | 4 (6.9) |
Mastectomy | |||
Full | 10 (17.2) | ||
Partial | 48 (82.8) |
Immunohistochemistry
Microscopic analysis
Assessment of microvessel density and lymphatic vessel density
Assessment of vascular invasion
Statistical analysis
Results
Distribution of lymphatic and blood vessels
Frequency of lymphatic and blood vessels invasion
Association of lymphatic and blood vessel density with clinical criteria
Total LVD | Intra-tumoral LVD | Peri-tumoural LVD | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High |
p-value | Low | High |
p-value | Low | High |
p-value | ||
Age | <40 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (13.3) |
0.020
| 2 (7.4) | 2 (6.9) | 0.941 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (13.8) |
0.017
|
≥40 | 27 (100.0) | 26 (86.7) | 25 (92.6) | 27 (93.1) | 28 (100.0) | 2 (86.2) | ||||
Tumor size | <30 | 2 (7.7) | 9 (31.0) | 0.080 | 3 (11.1) | 8 (28.6) | 0.255 | 3 (11.1) | 8 (28.6) | 0.255 |
30 ≤ × < 60 | 15 (57.7) | 12 (41.4) | 15 (55.6) | 12 (42.9) | 15 (55.6) | 12 (42.9) | ||||
60 ≥ | 9 (34.6) | 8 (27.6) | 9 (33.3) | 8 (28.6) | 9 (33.3) | 8 (28.6) | ||||
Grade | I | 2 (7.7) | 8 (26.7) |
0.018
| 1 (3.7) | 9 (31.0) |
0.030
| 13 (11.1) | 7 (24.1) | 0.079 |
II | 13 (50.0) | 14 (46.7) | 15 (55.6) | 12 (41.4) | 14 (51.9) | 13 (44.8) | ||||
III | 11 (42.3) | 5 (16.7) | 10 (37.0) | 6 (20.7) | 10 (37.0) | 6 (20.7) | ||||
No grade | 0 | 3 (10.0) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (6.9) | 0 | 3 (10.3) | ||||
Distant metastasis | Yes | 7 (25.9) | 8 (27.6) | 0.989 | 8 (29.6) | 7 (23.3) | 0.065 | 7 (25.0) | 8 (27.6) |
0.049
|
No | 18 (66.7) | 19 (65.5) | 19 (70.4) | 19 (63.3) | 21 (75.0) | 17 (58.6) | ||||
Not determine | 2 (7.4) | 2 (6.9) | 0 | 4 (13.3) | 0 | 4 (13.8) | ||||
Recurrence | No | 26 (96.3) | 29 (96.7) | 0.940 | 27 (100) | 27 (93.1) | 0.1 | 27 (96.4) | 28 (96.6) | 0.980 |
Yes | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (3.4) | ||||
ER | Positive | 16 (61.5) | 16 (55.2) | 0.632 | 16 (61.5) | 15 (53.6) | 0.554 | 17 (63.0) | 15 (53.6) | 0.480 |
Negative | 10 (38.5) | 13 (44.8) | 10 (38.5) | 13 (46.4) | 10 (37.0) | 13 (46.4) | ||||
PR | Positive | 15 (55.6) | 13 (44.8) | 0.422 | 13 (48.1) | 14 (50.0) | 0.891 | 16 (57.1) | 12 (42.9) | 0.284 |
Negative | 12 (44.4) | 16 (55.2) | 14 (51.9) | 14 (50.0) | 12 (42.9) | 16 (57.1) | ||||
Lymph nodes involvement | 0 | 8 (29.6) | 11 (37.9) | 0.374 | 8 (30.8) | 11 (37.9) | 0.678 | 7 (25.0) | 12 (42.9) | 0.266 |
1 | 3 (11.1) | 3 (10.3) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (10.3) | 4 (14.3) | 2 (7.1) | ||||
2 to 4 | 6 (22.2) | 10 (34.5) | 6 (23.1) | 10 (31.0) | 7 (25) | 9 (32.1) | ||||
>4 | 10 (37.0) | 5 (17.2) | 9 (34.6) | 6 (20.7) | 10 (35.7) | 5 (17.9) |
Association of lymphatic and blood vessel invasion with clinical criteria
Intra-tumoral LVI | Peri-tumoral LVI | Total LVI | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative |
p-value | Positive | Negative |
p-value | Positive | Negative |
p-value | ||
Age | <40 | 2 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | 1.0 | 4 (14.8) | 0 (0) |
0.012
| 4 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0.065 |
≥40 | 26 (92.9) | 26 (92.9) | 23 (85.2) | 30 (100) | 34 (89.5) | 19 (100) | ||||
Tumor size | <30 | 7 (25) | 4 (14.8) | 0.548 | 4 (14.8) | 7 (25) | 0.636 | 9 (23.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0.497 |
30 ≤ × < 60 | 12 (42.9) | 15 (55.6) | 14 (51.9) | 13 (46.4) | 17 (44.7) | 10 (58.8) | ||||
60 ≥ | 9 (32.1) | 8 (29.6) | 9 (33.3) | 8 (28.6) | 12 (31.6) | 5 (29.4) | ||||
Grade | I | 3 (10.7) | 7 (25.0) | 0.387 | 5 (18.5) | 5 (17.2) | 0.197 | 5 (13.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0.607 |
II | 14 (50.0) | 13 (46.4) | 15 (55.6) | 12 (41.4) | 19 (50) | 8 (44.4) | ||||
III | 10 (35.7) | 6 (21.4) | 7 (25.9) | 9 (31.0) | 12 (31.6) | 4 (22.2) | ||||
No grade | 1 (3.33) | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 3 (10.3) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (5.6) | ||||
Distant metastasis | Yes | 9 (32.1) | 6 (21.4) | 0.432 | 7 (25.9) | 8 (26.7) |
0.05
| 11 (28.9) | 4 (21.1 | 0.607 |
No | 18 (64.3) | 19 (67.9) | 20 (74.1) | 18 (60.0) | 25 (65.8) | 13 (68.4) | ||||
Not determine | 1 (3.6) | 3 (10.7) | 0 | 4 (13.3) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (10.5) | ||||
Recurrence | No | 26 (92.9) | 28 (100) | 0.92 | 27 (100) | 28 (93.3) | 0.105 | 36 (94.7) | 19 (100) | 0.198 |
Yes | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6.7) | 2 (5.3) | 0 | ||||
ER | Positive | 16 (59.3) | 15 (55.6) | 0.632 | 15 (57.7) | 17 (58.6) | 0.944 | 21 (56.8) | 11 (61.1) | 0.738 |
Negative | 11 (40.7) | 12 (44.4) | 11 (42.3) | 2 (41.4) | 16 (43.2) | 7 (38.9) | ||||
PR | Positive | 13 (46.4) | 14 (51.9) | 0.687 | 13 (48.1) | 15 (51.7) | 0.789 | 17 (44.7) | 11 (61.1) | 0.251 |
Negative | 15 (53.6) | 13 (48.1) | 14 (51.9) | 14 (48.3) | 21 (55.3) | 7 (38.9) | ||||
Lymph nodes involvement | 0 | 10 (37.0) | 9 (32.1) | 0.983 | 7 (25.9) | 12 (41.4) | 0.088 | 13 (35.1) | 6 (31.6) | 0.763 |
1 | 3 (11.1) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (17.2) | 3 (8.1) | 3 (15.8) | ||||
2 to 4 | 7 (25.9) | 8 (28.6) | 11 (40.7) | 5 (17.2) | 10 (27) | 6 (31.6) | ||||
>4 | 7 (25.9) | 8 (28.6) | 8 (29.6) | 7 (24.1) | 11 (29.7) | 4 (21.1) |