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10.06.2024 | Review Article

Phantom limb syndrome: from pathogenesis to treatment. A narrative review

verfasst von: Giuseppe Granata, Riccardo Di Iorio, Sara Ilari, Benedetta Maria Angeloni, Fabiola Tomasello, Angelo Tiziano Cimmino, Claudia Carrarini, Antonio Marrone, Francesco Iodice

Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences | Ausgabe 10/2024

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Abstract

Phantom Limb Syndrome (PLS) can be defined as the disabling or painful sensation of the presence of a body part that is no longer present after its amputation. Anatomical changes involved in Phantom Limb Syndrome, occurring at peripheral, spinal and brain levels and include the formation of neuromas and scars, dorsal horn sensitization and plasticity, short-term and long-term modifications at molecular and topographical levels. The molecular reorganization processes of Phantom Limb Syndrome include NMDA receptors hyperactivation in the dorsal horn of the spinal column leading to inflammatory mechanisms both at a peripheral and central level. At the brain level, a central role has been recognized for sodium channels, BDNF and adenosine triphosphate receptors. In the paper we discuss current available pharmacological options with a final overview on non-pharmacological options in the pipeline.

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Titel: Phantom limb syndrome: from pathogenesis to treatment. A narrative review
verfasst von: Giuseppe Granata
Riccardo Di Iorio
Sara Ilari
Benedetta Maria Angeloni
Fabiola Tomasello
Angelo Tiziano Cimmino
Claudia Carrarini
Antonio Marrone
Francesco Iodice
Publikationsdatum: 10.06.2024
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences / Ausgabe 10/2024
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Elektronische ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-024-07634-1

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