Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Internal and Emergency Medicine 5/2019

11.02.2019 | IM - REVIEW

Phenotypes in Behçet’s syndrome

verfasst von: Emire Seyahi

Erschienen in: Internal and Emergency Medicine | Ausgabe 5/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Behçet syndrome (BS) is a multi-systemic complex disorder with unknown etiology and a unique geographic distribution. It could not be possible to include it into specific classification schemes and it is certainly not a uniform disease. Several cluster and association studies revealed that it has been composed of multiple phenotypes ascribing the principal problem such as skin-mucosa, joint, eye, vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal involvement. Each phenotype has its own characteristic demographic and clinical features as such their management strategies and prognosis differ substantially. Actually, the concept of phenotyping has been well known for some time and is considered one of the basic elements of the still continuing debate whether to call this entity ‘disease’ or ‘syndrome’. Further supporting evidence comes from the observation of the geographical differences of disease expression. In this setting, BS resembles rather a construction made of several dynamic and interactive LEGO pieces of different shapes and colors. These pieces presenting phenotypes with their own disease mechanism have presumably different genetic determinants. The analysis of phenotyping could help us to identify this disorder and hence could contribute to find better ways of treatment.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Yazici H, Seyahi E, Hatemi G, Yazici Y. Behçet syndrome: a contemporary view. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 14:107–119 (Erratum in: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 14 119) Yazici H, Seyahi E, Hatemi G, Yazici Y. Behçet syndrome: a contemporary view. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 14:107–119 (Erratum in: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 14 119)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Kural-Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seyahi N, Ozyazgan Y, Mat C, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2003) The long-term mortality and morbidity of Behçet syndrome: a 2-decade outcome survey of 387 patients followed at a dedicated center. Medicine (Baltimore). 82:60–76CrossRefPubMed Kural-Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seyahi N, Ozyazgan Y, Mat C, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2003) The long-term mortality and morbidity of Behçet syndrome: a 2-decade outcome survey of 387 patients followed at a dedicated center. Medicine (Baltimore). 82:60–76CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Yurdakul S, Yazici Y (2010) Epidemiology of Behçet’s syndrome and regional differences in disease expression. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s Syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 35–52CrossRef Yurdakul S, Yazici Y (2010) Epidemiology of Behçet’s syndrome and regional differences in disease expression. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s Syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 35–52CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Azizlerli G, Köse AA, Sarica R, Gül A, Tutkun IT, Kulaç M, Tunç R, Urgancioğlu M, Dişçi R (2003) Prevalence of Behçet's disease in Istanbul. Turkey. Int J Dermatol. 42:803–806CrossRefPubMed Azizlerli G, Köse AA, Sarica R, Gül A, Tutkun IT, Kulaç M, Tunç R, Urgancioğlu M, Dişçi R (2003) Prevalence of Behçet's disease in Istanbul. Turkey. Int J Dermatol. 42:803–806CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahr A, Belarbi L, Wechsler B, Jeanneret D, Dhote R, Fain O, Lhote F, Ramanoelina J, Coste J, Guillevin L (2008) Population-based prevalence study of Behçet's disease: differences by ethnic origin and low variation by age at immigration. Arthritis Rheum. 58:3951–3959CrossRefPubMed Mahr A, Belarbi L, Wechsler B, Jeanneret D, Dhote R, Fain O, Lhote F, Ramanoelina J, Coste J, Guillevin L (2008) Population-based prevalence study of Behçet's disease: differences by ethnic origin and low variation by age at immigration. Arthritis Rheum. 58:3951–3959CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Yalçındaǧ FN, Özdal PC, Özyazgan Y, Batıoǧlu F, Tugal-Tutkun I (2018) Demographic and clinical characteristics of Uveitis in Turkey: the first national registry report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 26:17–26CrossRefPubMed Yalçındaǧ FN, Özdal PC, Özyazgan Y, Batıoǧlu F, Tugal-Tutkun I (2018) Demographic and clinical characteristics of Uveitis in Turkey: the first national registry report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 26:17–26CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bayraktar Y, Balkanci F, Bayraktar M, Calguneri M (1997) Budd-Chiari syndrome: a common complication of Behçet's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 92:858–862PubMed Bayraktar Y, Balkanci F, Bayraktar M, Calguneri M (1997) Budd-Chiari syndrome: a common complication of Behçet's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 92:858–862PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Fabiani C, Vitale A, Orlando I, Sota J, Capozzoli M, Franceschini R, Galeazzi M, Tosi GM, Frediani B, Cantarini L (2017) Quality of life impairment in Behçet's disease and relationship with disease activity: a prospective study. Intern Emerg Med. 12:947–955CrossRefPubMed Fabiani C, Vitale A, Orlando I, Sota J, Capozzoli M, Franceschini R, Galeazzi M, Tosi GM, Frediani B, Cantarini L (2017) Quality of life impairment in Behçet's disease and relationship with disease activity: a prospective study. Intern Emerg Med. 12:947–955CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Senusi AA, Ola D, Mather J, Mather J, Fortune F. Behçet's syndrome and health-related quality of life: influence of symptoms, lifestyle and employment status. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35 Suppl 108(6):43-50. Senusi AA, Ola D, Mather J, Mather J, Fortune F. Behçet's syndrome and health-related quality of life: influence of symptoms, lifestyle and employment status. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35 Suppl 108(6):43-50.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta P, Ambrose N, Haskard DO (2014) Work-related disability in Behçet's syndrome: a British case series. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 32(4 Suppl 84):S173–S174PubMed Mehta P, Ambrose N, Haskard DO (2014) Work-related disability in Behçet's syndrome: a British case series. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 32(4 Suppl 84):S173–S174PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Sut N, Seyahi E, Yurdakul S, Senocak M, Yazici H (2007) A cost analysis of Behcet's syndrome in Turkey. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46:678–682CrossRef Sut N, Seyahi E, Yurdakul S, Senocak M, Yazici H (2007) A cost analysis of Behcet's syndrome in Turkey. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46:678–682CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat International Study Group for Behçet’s Disease (1990) Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Lancet 335:1078–1080 International Study Group for Behçet’s Disease (1990) Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Lancet 335:1078–1080
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Barnes Colin G (2010) History and diagnosis. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s Syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 7–34CrossRef Barnes Colin G (2010) History and diagnosis. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s Syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 7–34CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ideguchi H, Suda A, Takeno M, Ueda A, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y (2011) Behçet disease: evolution of clinical manifestations. Medicine (Baltimore). 90:125–132CrossRefPubMed Ideguchi H, Suda A, Takeno M, Ueda A, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y (2011) Behçet disease: evolution of clinical manifestations. Medicine (Baltimore). 90:125–132CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Yazici H, Ugurlu S, Seyahi E (2012) Behçet syndrome: is it one condition? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 43:275–280CrossRefPubMed Yazici H, Ugurlu S, Seyahi E (2012) Behçet syndrome: is it one condition? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 43:275–280CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Gül A (2015) Pathogenesis of Behçet's disease: autoinflammatory features and beyond. Semin Immunopathol. 37:413–418CrossRefPubMed Gül A (2015) Pathogenesis of Behçet's disease: autoinflammatory features and beyond. Semin Immunopathol. 37:413–418CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gül A (2014) Genetics of Behçet's disease: lessons learned from genomewide association studies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 26:56–63CrossRefPubMed Gül A (2014) Genetics of Behçet's disease: lessons learned from genomewide association studies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 26:56–63CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli S (2010) Disease mechanisms. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 243–264CrossRef Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli S (2010) Disease mechanisms. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 243–264CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Oran M, Hatemi G, Tasli L, Garip F, Kadioglu P, Mat C, Yazici H (2008) Behçet's syndrome is not associated with vitiligo. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 26(Suppl 50):S107–S109PubMed Oran M, Hatemi G, Tasli L, Garip F, Kadioglu P, Mat C, Yazici H (2008) Behçet's syndrome is not associated with vitiligo. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 26(Suppl 50):S107–S109PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyahi E, Ugurlu S, Cumali R, Balci H, Ozdemir O, Melikoglu M, Hatemi G, Fresko I, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2008) Atherosclerosis in Behçet's syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 38:1–12CrossRefPubMed Seyahi E, Ugurlu S, Cumali R, Balci H, Ozdemir O, Melikoglu M, Hatemi G, Fresko I, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2008) Atherosclerosis in Behçet's syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 38:1–12CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Yazici H, Fresko I (2005) Behçet's disease and other autoinflammatory conditions: what's in a name? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 23(4 Suppl 38):S1–2PubMed Yazici H, Fresko I (2005) Behçet's disease and other autoinflammatory conditions: what's in a name? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 23(4 Suppl 38):S1–2PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Fabiani C, Vitale A, Rigante D, Emmi G, Lopalco G, Di Scala G, Sota J, Orlando I, Franceschini R, Frediani B, Galeazzi M, Iannone F, Tosi GM, Cantarini L (2018) The Presence of Uveitis Is Associated with a Sustained Response to the Interleukin (IL)-1 Inhibitors Anakinra and Canakinumab in Behçet's Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 27:1–7CrossRef Fabiani C, Vitale A, Rigante D, Emmi G, Lopalco G, Di Scala G, Sota J, Orlando I, Franceschini R, Frediani B, Galeazzi M, Iannone F, Tosi GM, Cantarini L (2018) The Presence of Uveitis Is Associated with a Sustained Response to the Interleukin (IL)-1 Inhibitors Anakinra and Canakinumab in Behçet's Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 27:1–7CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Fabiani C, Vitale A, Emmi G, Lopalco G, Vannozzi L, Guerriero S, Gentileschi S, Bacherini D, Franceschini R, Frediani B, Galeazzi M, Iannone F, Tosi GM, Cantarini L (2017) Interleukin (IL)-1 inhibition with anakinra and canakinumab in Behçet's disease-related uveitis: a multicenter retrospective observational study. Clin Rheumatol. 36(1):191–197CrossRefPubMed Fabiani C, Vitale A, Emmi G, Lopalco G, Vannozzi L, Guerriero S, Gentileschi S, Bacherini D, Franceschini R, Frediani B, Galeazzi M, Iannone F, Tosi GM, Cantarini L (2017) Interleukin (IL)-1 inhibition with anakinra and canakinumab in Behçet's disease-related uveitis: a multicenter retrospective observational study. Clin Rheumatol. 36(1):191–197CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Grayson PC, Yazici Y, Merideth M, Sen HN, Davis M, Novakovich E, Joyal E, Goldbach-Mansky R, Sibley CH (2017) Treatment of mucocutaneous manifestations in Behçet's disease with anakinra: a pilot open-label study. Arthritis Res Ther. 19(1):69CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Grayson PC, Yazici Y, Merideth M, Sen HN, Davis M, Novakovich E, Joyal E, Goldbach-Mansky R, Sibley CH (2017) Treatment of mucocutaneous manifestations in Behçet's disease with anakinra: a pilot open-label study. Arthritis Res Ther. 19(1):69CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugal-Tutkun I, Pavesio C, De Cordoue A, Bernard-Poenaru O, Gül A (2018) Use of Gevokizumab in patients with behçet's disease uveitis: an international, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study and open-label extension study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 26(7):1023–1033CrossRefPubMed Tugal-Tutkun I, Pavesio C, De Cordoue A, Bernard-Poenaru O, Gül A (2018) Use of Gevokizumab in patients with behçet's disease uveitis: an international, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study and open-label extension study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 26(7):1023–1033CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Cantarini L, Vitale A, Scalini P, Dinarello CA, Rigante D, Franceschini R, Simonini G, Borsari G, Caso F, Lucherini OM, Frediani B, Bertoldi I, Punzi L, Galeazzi M, Cimaz R (2015) Anakinra treatment in drug-resistant Behcet's disease: a case series. Clin Rheumatol. 34(7):1293–1301CrossRefPubMed Cantarini L, Vitale A, Scalini P, Dinarello CA, Rigante D, Franceschini R, Simonini G, Borsari G, Caso F, Lucherini OM, Frediani B, Bertoldi I, Punzi L, Galeazzi M, Cimaz R (2015) Anakinra treatment in drug-resistant Behcet's disease: a case series. Clin Rheumatol. 34(7):1293–1301CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Melikoglu M, Kural-Seyahi E, Tascilar K, Yazici H (2008) The unique features of vasculitis in Behçet's syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 35:40–46CrossRefPubMed Melikoglu M, Kural-Seyahi E, Tascilar K, Yazici H (2008) The unique features of vasculitis in Behçet's syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 35:40–46CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F et al (2013) 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 65:1–11CrossRefPubMed Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F et al (2013) 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 65:1–11CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishido T, Horita N, Takeuchi M, Kawagoe T, Shibuya E, Yamane T, Hayashi T, Meguro A, Ishido M, Minegishi K, Yoshimi R, Kirino Y, Kato S, Arimoto J, Ishigatsubo Y, Takeno M, Kurosawa M, Kaneko T, Mizuki N (2017) Clinical manifestations of Behçet's disease depending on sex and age: results from Japanese nationwide registration. Rheumatology (Oxford) 56:1918–1927CrossRef Ishido T, Horita N, Takeuchi M, Kawagoe T, Shibuya E, Yamane T, Hayashi T, Meguro A, Ishido M, Minegishi K, Yoshimi R, Kirino Y, Kato S, Arimoto J, Ishigatsubo Y, Takeno M, Kurosawa M, Kaneko T, Mizuki N (2017) Clinical manifestations of Behçet's disease depending on sex and age: results from Japanese nationwide registration. Rheumatology (Oxford) 56:1918–1927CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu JH, Hersh CP, Castaldi PJ, Cho MH, Raby BA, Laird N, Bowler R, Rennard S, Loscalzo J, Quackenbush J, Silverman EK (2014) Analyzing networks of phenotypes in complex diseases: methodology and applications in COPD. BMC Syst Biol. 8:78CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chu JH, Hersh CP, Castaldi PJ, Cho MH, Raby BA, Laird N, Bowler R, Rennard S, Loscalzo J, Quackenbush J, Silverman EK (2014) Analyzing networks of phenotypes in complex diseases: methodology and applications in COPD. BMC Syst Biol. 8:78CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Brito-Zerón P, Retamozo S, Ramos-Casals M (2018) Phenotyping Sjögren's syndrome: towards a personalised management of the disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 36(Suppl 112):198–209PubMed Brito-Zerón P, Retamozo S, Ramos-Casals M (2018) Phenotyping Sjögren's syndrome: towards a personalised management of the disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 36(Suppl 112):198–209PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Diri E, Mat C, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Hizli N, Yazici H (2001) Papulopustular skin lesions are seen more frequently in patients with Behçet's syndrome who have arthritis: a controlled and masked study. Ann Rheum Dis. 60:1074–1076CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Diri E, Mat C, Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Hizli N, Yazici H (2001) Papulopustular skin lesions are seen more frequently in patients with Behçet's syndrome who have arthritis: a controlled and masked study. Ann Rheum Dis. 60:1074–1076CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Tunc R, Keyman E, Melikoglu M, Fresko I, Yazici H (2002) Target organ associations in Turkish patients with Behçet's disease: a cross sectional study by exploratory factor analysis. J Rheumatol. 29:2393–2396PubMed Tunc R, Keyman E, Melikoglu M, Fresko I, Yazici H (2002) Target organ associations in Turkish patients with Behçet's disease: a cross sectional study by exploratory factor analysis. J Rheumatol. 29:2393–2396PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Tunc R, Saip S, Siva A, Yazici H (2004) Cerebral venous thrombosis is associated with major vessel disease in BS's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 63:1693–1694CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tunc R, Saip S, Siva A, Yazici H (2004) Cerebral venous thrombosis is associated with major vessel disease in BS's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 63:1693–1694CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Karaca M, Hatemi G, Sut N, Yazici H (2012) The papulopustular lesion/arthritis cluster of Behçet's syndrome also clusters in families. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51:1053–1060CrossRef Karaca M, Hatemi G, Sut N, Yazici H (2012) The papulopustular lesion/arthritis cluster of Behçet's syndrome also clusters in families. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51:1053–1060CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Yazici H. The lumps and bumps of Behcet's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2004; Suppl 1:S53-4. Yazici H. The lumps and bumps of Behcet's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2004; Suppl 1:S53-4.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Yazıcı H, Seyahi E (2016) Behçet syndrome: the vascular cluster. Turk J Med Sci. 46:1277–1280CrossRefPubMed Yazıcı H, Seyahi E (2016) Behçet syndrome: the vascular cluster. Turk J Med Sci. 46:1277–1280CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatemi G, Fresko I, Tascilar K, Yazici H (2008) Enthesopathy is increased among Behçet’s syndrome patients with acne and arthritis: an ultrasonographic study. Arthritis Rheum 58:1539–1545CrossRefPubMed Hatemi G, Fresko I, Tascilar K, Yazici H (2008) Enthesopathy is increased among Behçet’s syndrome patients with acne and arthritis: an ultrasonographic study. Arthritis Rheum 58:1539–1545CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Tascilar K, Melikoglu M, Ugurlu S, Sut N, Caglar E, Yazici H (2014) Vascular involvement in Behçet's syndrome: a retrospective analysis of associations and the time course. Rheumatology (Oxford) 53:2018–2022CrossRef Tascilar K, Melikoglu M, Ugurlu S, Sut N, Caglar E, Yazici H (2014) Vascular involvement in Behçet's syndrome: a retrospective analysis of associations and the time course. Rheumatology (Oxford) 53:2018–2022CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyahi E, Caglar E, Ugurlu S, Kantarci F, Hamuryudan V, Sonsuz A, Melikoglu M, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2015) An outcome survey of 43 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to Behçet's syndrome followed up at a single, dedicated center. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 44:602–609CrossRefPubMed Seyahi E, Caglar E, Ugurlu S, Kantarci F, Hamuryudan V, Sonsuz A, Melikoglu M, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2015) An outcome survey of 43 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to Behçet's syndrome followed up at a single, dedicated center. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 44:602–609CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki T, Horita N, Takeuchi M et al (2018) Clinical features of early-stage possible Behçet's disease patients with a variant-type major organ involvement in Japan. Mod Rheumatol. 28:1–18CrossRef Suzuki T, Horita N, Takeuchi M et al (2018) Clinical features of early-stage possible Behçet's disease patients with a variant-type major organ involvement in Japan. Mod Rheumatol. 28:1–18CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurosawa M, Takeno Y, Kirino Y, Soejima N, Mizuki M. Subgroup classification of Behçet's disease using clinical information: analysis of a clinical database of patients receiving financial aid for treatment. ISBD conference 2018, Rotterdam. Kurosawa M, Takeno Y, Kirino Y, Soejima N, Mizuki M. Subgroup classification of Behçet's disease using clinical information: analysis of a clinical database of patients receiving financial aid for treatment. ISBD conference 2018, Rotterdam.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause I, Leibovici L, Guedj D, Molad Y, Uziel Y, Weinberger A (1999) Disease patterns of patients with Behçet's disease demonstrated by factor analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 17:347–350PubMed Krause I, Leibovici L, Guedj D, Molad Y, Uziel Y, Weinberger A (1999) Disease patterns of patients with Behçet's disease demonstrated by factor analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 17:347–350PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Arida A, Vaiopoulos G, Markomichelakis N, Kaklamanis P, Sfikakis PP. Are clusters of patients with distinct clinical expression present in Behçet's disease? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(Suppl 53):S48–51. Arida A, Vaiopoulos G, Markomichelakis N, Kaklamanis P, Sfikakis PP. Are clusters of patients with distinct clinical expression present in Behçet's disease? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(Suppl 53):S48–51.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bitik B, Tufan A, Sahin K, Sucullu Karadag Y, Can Sandikci S, Mercan R, Ak F, Karaaslan Y, Ozturk MA, Goker B, Haznedaroglu S (2016) The association between the parenchymal neurological involvement and posterior uveitis in Behçet's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34(6 Suppl 102):82–85PubMed Bitik B, Tufan A, Sahin K, Sucullu Karadag Y, Can Sandikci S, Mercan R, Ak F, Karaaslan Y, Ozturk MA, Goker B, Haznedaroglu S (2016) The association between the parenchymal neurological involvement and posterior uveitis in Behçet's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34(6 Suppl 102):82–85PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Suwa A, Horita N, Ishido T, Takeuchi M, Kawagoe T, Shibuya E, Yamane T, Hayashi T, Meguro A, Ishido M, Minegishi K, Yoshimi R, Kirino Y, Kato S, Arimoto J, Fukumoto T, Ishigatsubo Y, Kurosawa M, Kaneko T, Takeno M, Mizuki N (2018) The ocular involvement did not accompany with the genital ulcer or the gastrointestinal symptoms at the early stage of Behçet's disease. Mod Rheumatol. 15:1–6 Suwa A, Horita N, Ishido T, Takeuchi M, Kawagoe T, Shibuya E, Yamane T, Hayashi T, Meguro A, Ishido M, Minegishi K, Yoshimi R, Kirino Y, Kato S, Arimoto J, Fukumoto T, Ishigatsubo Y, Kurosawa M, Kaneko T, Takeno M, Mizuki N (2018) The ocular involvement did not accompany with the genital ulcer or the gastrointestinal symptoms at the early stage of Behçet's disease. Mod Rheumatol. 15:1–6
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussein MA, Eissa IM, Dahab AA (2018) Vision-Threatening Behcet's Disease: Severity of Ocular Involvement Predictors. J Ophthalmol. 2018:9518065PubMedPubMedCentral Hussein MA, Eissa IM, Dahab AA (2018) Vision-Threatening Behcet's Disease: Severity of Ocular Involvement Predictors. J Ophthalmol. 2018:9518065PubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Mat C, Yurdakul S, Sevim A, Özyazgan Y, Tüzün Y (2013) Behçet's syndrome: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 31:352–361CrossRefPubMed Mat C, Yurdakul S, Sevim A, Özyazgan Y, Tüzün Y (2013) Behçet's syndrome: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 31:352–361CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Alibaz-Oner F, Mumcu G, Kubilay Z, Ozen G, Celik G, Karadeniz A, Can M, Oner SY, Inanc N, Atagunduz P, Ergun T, Direskeneli H (2014) Unmet need in Behcet's disease: most patients in routine follow-up continue to have oral ulcers. Clin Rheumatol. 33:1773–1776CrossRefPubMed Alibaz-Oner F, Mumcu G, Kubilay Z, Ozen G, Celik G, Karadeniz A, Can M, Oner SY, Inanc N, Atagunduz P, Ergun T, Direskeneli H (2014) Unmet need in Behcet's disease: most patients in routine follow-up continue to have oral ulcers. Clin Rheumatol. 33:1773–1776CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamuryudan V, Hatemi G, Sut N, Ugurlu S, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2012) Frequent oral ulceration during early disease may predict a severe disease course in males with Behçet's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 30(3 Suppl 72):S32–S34PubMed Hamuryudan V, Hatemi G, Sut N, Ugurlu S, Yurdakul S, Yazici H (2012) Frequent oral ulceration during early disease may predict a severe disease course in males with Behçet's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 30(3 Suppl 72):S32–S34PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Volle G, Fraison JB, Gobert D, Goulenok T, Dhote R, Fain O, Gonzalez-Chiappe S, Lhote F, Papo T, Thuillier A, Rivière S, Mahr A (2017) Dietary and nondietary triggers of oral ulcer recurrences in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 69:1429–1436CrossRefPubMed Volle G, Fraison JB, Gobert D, Goulenok T, Dhote R, Fain O, Gonzalez-Chiappe S, Lhote F, Papo T, Thuillier A, Rivière S, Mahr A (2017) Dietary and nondietary triggers of oral ulcer recurrences in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 69:1429–1436CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Soy M, Erken E, Konca K, Ozbek S (2000) Smoking and Behçet's disease. Clin Rheumatol. 19:508–509CrossRefPubMed Soy M, Erken E, Konca K, Ozbek S (2000) Smoking and Behçet's disease. Clin Rheumatol. 19:508–509CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Guzelant G, Ozguler Y, Esatoglu SN, Karatemiz G, Ozdogan H, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, Seyahi E (2017) Exacerbation of Behçet's syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever with menstruation. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 35(6):95–99PubMed Guzelant G, Ozguler Y, Esatoglu SN, Karatemiz G, Ozdogan H, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, Seyahi E (2017) Exacerbation of Behçet's syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever with menstruation. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 35(6):95–99PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Mumcu G, Ergun T, Inanc N, Fresko I, Atalay T, Hayran O, Direskeneli H (2004) Oral health is impaired in Behçet's disease and is associated with disease severity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43:1028–1033CrossRef Mumcu G, Ergun T, Inanc N, Fresko I, Atalay T, Hayran O, Direskeneli H (2004) Oral health is impaired in Behçet's disease and is associated with disease severity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43:1028–1033CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Mat C, Göksugur N, Engin B et al (2006) The frequency of scarring after genital ulcers in Behçet’s syndrome: a prospective study. Int J Dermatol 45:554–556CrossRefPubMed Mat C, Göksugur N, Engin B et al (2006) The frequency of scarring after genital ulcers in Behçet’s syndrome: a prospective study. Int J Dermatol 45:554–556CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Kutlubay Z, Mat CM, Aydin Ö, Demirkesen C, Calay Ö, Engin B, Tüzün Y, Yazici H (2015) Histopathological and clinical evaluation of papulopustular lesions in Behçet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 33(6 Suppl 94):S101–S106PubMed Kutlubay Z, Mat CM, Aydin Ö, Demirkesen C, Calay Ö, Engin B, Tüzün Y, Yazici H (2015) Histopathological and clinical evaluation of papulopustular lesions in Behçet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 33(6 Suppl 94):S101–S106PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatemi G, Bahar H, Uysal S, Mat C, Gogus F, Masatlioglu S, Altas K, Yazici H (2004) The pustular skin lesions in Behcet's syndrome are not sterile. Ann Rheum Dis. 63:1450–1452CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hatemi G, Bahar H, Uysal S, Mat C, Gogus F, Masatlioglu S, Altas K, Yazici H (2004) The pustular skin lesions in Behcet's syndrome are not sterile. Ann Rheum Dis. 63:1450–1452CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Demirkesen C, Tüzüner N, Mat C, Senocak M, Büyükbabani N, Tüzün Y, Yazici H (2001) Clinicopathologic evaluation of nodular cutaneous lesions of Behçet syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 116(3):341–346CrossRefPubMed Demirkesen C, Tüzüner N, Mat C, Senocak M, Büyükbabani N, Tüzün Y, Yazici H (2001) Clinicopathologic evaluation of nodular cutaneous lesions of Behçet syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 116(3):341–346CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Yurdakul S, Hatemi G (2010) Locomotor System Disease in Behçet’s Syndrome. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 149–164CrossRef Yurdakul S, Hatemi G (2010) Locomotor System Disease in Behçet’s Syndrome. In: Yazici Y, Yazici H (eds) Behçet’s syndrome, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 149–164CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyahi E (2016) Behçet's disease: how to diagnose and treat vascular involvement. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 30:279–295CrossRefPubMed Seyahi E (2016) Behçet's disease: how to diagnose and treat vascular involvement. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 30:279–295CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Schirmer M, Calamia KT, O'Duffy JD (1999) Is there a place for large vessel disease in the diagnostic criteria of Behçet's disease? J Rheumatol. 26:2511–2512PubMed Schirmer M, Calamia KT, O'Duffy JD (1999) Is there a place for large vessel disease in the diagnostic criteria of Behçet's disease? J Rheumatol. 26:2511–2512PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Uzun O, Akpolat T, Erkan L (2005) Pulmonary vasculitis in behcet disease: a cumulative analysis. Chest 127:2243–2253CrossRefPubMed Uzun O, Akpolat T, Erkan L (2005) Pulmonary vasculitis in behcet disease: a cumulative analysis. Chest 127:2243–2253CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, Akman C, Hamuryudan V, Ozer H, Hatemi G, Yurdakul S, Tuzun H, Oz B, Yazici H (2012) Pulmonary artery involvement and associated lung disease in Behçet disease: a series of 47 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 91:35–48CrossRefPubMed Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, Akman C, Hamuryudan V, Ozer H, Hatemi G, Yurdakul S, Tuzun H, Oz B, Yazici H (2012) Pulmonary artery involvement and associated lung disease in Behçet disease: a series of 47 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 91:35–48CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Erkan D, Yazici Y, Sanders A, Trost D, Yazici H (2004) Is Hughes-Stovin syndrome Behçet's disease? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 22(4 Suppl 34):S64–S68PubMed Erkan D, Yazici Y, Sanders A, Trost D, Yazici H (2004) Is Hughes-Stovin syndrome Behçet's disease? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 22(4 Suppl 34):S64–S68PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennji SM, du Preez L, Griffith-Richards S, Smit DP, Rigby J, Koegelenberg CFN, Irusen EM, Allwood BW (2017) Recurrent pulmonary aneurysms: Hughes–Stovin syndrome on the spectrum of Behçet disease. Chest 152:e99–e103CrossRefPubMed Bennji SM, du Preez L, Griffith-Richards S, Smit DP, Rigby J, Koegelenberg CFN, Irusen EM, Allwood BW (2017) Recurrent pulmonary aneurysms: Hughes–Stovin syndrome on the spectrum of Behçet disease. Chest 152:e99–e103CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyahi E, Yazici H (2016) To anticoagulate or not to anticoagulate vascular thrombosis in Behçet's syndrome: an enduring question. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34(Suppl 95):S3–S4PubMed Seyahi E, Yazici H (2016) To anticoagulate or not to anticoagulate vascular thrombosis in Behçet's syndrome: an enduring question. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34(Suppl 95):S3–S4PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Leiba M, Seligsohn U, Sidi Y et al (2004) Thrombophilic factors are not the leading cause of thrombosis in Behcet's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 63:1445–1449CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leiba M, Seligsohn U, Sidi Y et al (2004) Thrombophilic factors are not the leading cause of thrombosis in Behcet's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 63:1445–1449CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Desbois AC, Wechsler B, Resche-Rigon M, Piette JC, Huong Dle T, Amoura Z, Koskas F, Desseaux K, Cacoub P, Saadoun D (2012) Immunosuppressants reduce venous thrombosis relapse in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 64:2753–2760CrossRefPubMed Desbois AC, Wechsler B, Resche-Rigon M, Piette JC, Huong Dle T, Amoura Z, Koskas F, Desseaux K, Cacoub P, Saadoun D (2012) Immunosuppressants reduce venous thrombosis relapse in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 64:2753–2760CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Saadoun D, Wechsler B, Desseaux K, Le Thi Huong D, Amoura Z, Resche-Rigon M, Cacoub P (2010) Mortality in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 62:2806–2812CrossRefPubMed Saadoun D, Wechsler B, Desseaux K, Le Thi Huong D, Amoura Z, Resche-Rigon M, Cacoub P (2010) Mortality in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 62:2806–2812CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Desbois AC, Rautou PE, Biard L, Belmatoug N, Wechsler B, Resche-Rigon M, Zarrouk V, Fantin B, de Chambrun MP, Cacoub P, Valla D, Saadoun D, Plessier A (2014) Behcet's disease in Budd–Chiari syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 9:104CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Desbois AC, Rautou PE, Biard L, Belmatoug N, Wechsler B, Resche-Rigon M, Zarrouk V, Fantin B, de Chambrun MP, Cacoub P, Valla D, Saadoun D, Plessier A (2014) Behcet's disease in Budd–Chiari syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 9:104CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Oktay V, Kantarci F, Tuzun H, Yigit Z, Arslan C, Yazici H (2015) Venous claudication in Behçet's disease. J Vasc Surg. 62(3):698–703.e1CrossRefPubMed Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Oktay V, Kantarci F, Tuzun H, Yigit Z, Arslan C, Yazici H (2015) Venous claudication in Behçet's disease. J Vasc Surg. 62(3):698–703.e1CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Altan-Yaycioglu R et al (2004) Uveitis in Behçet disease: an analysis of 880 patients. Am J Ophthalmol 138:373–380CrossRefPubMed Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Altan-Yaycioglu R et al (2004) Uveitis in Behçet disease: an analysis of 880 patients. Am J Ophthalmol 138:373–380CrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugal-Tutkun I, Gupta V, Cunningham ET (2013) Differential diagnosis of behçet uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 21:337–350CrossRefPubMed Tugal-Tutkun I, Gupta V, Cunningham ET (2013) Differential diagnosis of behçet uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 21:337–350CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Takeuchi M, Hokama H, Tsukahara R, Kezuka T, Goto H, Sakai J, Usui M (2005) Risk and prognostic factors of poor visual outcome in Behcet's disease with ocular involvement. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 243:1147–1152CrossRefPubMed Takeuchi M, Hokama H, Tsukahara R, Kezuka T, Goto H, Sakai J, Usui M (2005) Risk and prognostic factors of poor visual outcome in Behcet's disease with ocular involvement. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 243:1147–1152CrossRefPubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Ozyazgan Y, Soylu M, Akman M (2014) Validity and agreement of uveitis experts in interpretation of ocular photographs for diagnosis of Behçet uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 22:461–468CrossRefPubMed Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Ozyazgan Y, Soylu M, Akman M (2014) Validity and agreement of uveitis experts in interpretation of ocular photographs for diagnosis of Behçet uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 22:461–468CrossRefPubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Tasci B (1999) Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behçet’s disease: evaluation of 200 patients The Neuro-Behcet Study Group. Brain 122:2171–2182CrossRefPubMed Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Tasci B (1999) Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behçet’s disease: evaluation of 200 patients The Neuro-Behcet Study Group. Brain 122:2171–2182CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Siva A, Kantarci OH, Saip S et al (2001) Behçet’s disease: diagnostic and prognostic aspects of neurological involvement. J Neurology 248:95–103CrossRef Siva A, Kantarci OH, Saip S et al (2001) Behçet’s disease: diagnostic and prognostic aspects of neurological involvement. J Neurology 248:95–103CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Noel N, Bernard R, Wechsler B, Resche-Rigon M, Depaz R, Le Thi Huong Boutin D, Piette JC, Drier A, Dormont D, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. Long-term outcome of neuro-Behçet's disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66:1306-14. Noel N, Bernard R, Wechsler B, Resche-Rigon M, Depaz R, Le Thi Huong Boutin D, Piette JC, Drier A, Dormont D, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. Long-term outcome of neuro-Behçet's disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66:1306-14.
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheon JH, Kim WH (2015) An update on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of intestinal Behçet's disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 27:24–31CrossRefPubMed Cheon JH, Kim WH (2015) An update on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of intestinal Behçet's disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 27:24–31CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatemi I, Hatemi G, Çelik AF (2018) Gastrointestinal Involvement in Behçet Disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 44:45–64CrossRefPubMed Hatemi I, Hatemi G, Çelik AF (2018) Gastrointestinal Involvement in Behçet Disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 44:45–64CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatemi I, Esatoglu SN, Hatemi G, Erzin Y, Yazici H, Celik AF (2016) Characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcome of gastrointestinal involvement in Behcet's syndrome: a strobe-compliant observational study from a dedicated multidisciplinary center. Medicine (Baltimore). 95:e3348CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hatemi I, Esatoglu SN, Hatemi G, Erzin Y, Yazici H, Celik AF (2016) Characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcome of gastrointestinal involvement in Behcet's syndrome: a strobe-compliant observational study from a dedicated multidisciplinary center. Medicine (Baltimore). 95:e3348CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatemi I, Hatemi G, Celik AF, Melikoglu M, Arzuhal N, Mat C, Ozyazgan Y, Yazici H (2008) Frequency of pathergy phenomenon and other features of Behçet's syndrome among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 26(4 Suppl 50):S91–S95PubMed Hatemi I, Hatemi G, Celik AF, Melikoglu M, Arzuhal N, Mat C, Ozyazgan Y, Yazici H (2008) Frequency of pathergy phenomenon and other features of Behçet's syndrome among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 26(4 Suppl 50):S91–S95PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Hueber W, Sands BE, Lewitzky S, Vandemeulebroecke M, Reinisch W, Higgins PD et al (2012) Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn's disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gut 61:1693–1700CrossRefPubMed Hueber W, Sands BE, Lewitzky S, Vandemeulebroecke M, Reinisch W, Higgins PD et al (2012) Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn's disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gut 61:1693–1700CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Dick AD, Tugal-Tutkun I, Foster S, Zierhut M, Melissa Liew SH, Bezlyak V et al (2013) Secukinumab in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis: results of three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Ophthalmology 120(4):777–787CrossRefPubMed Dick AD, Tugal-Tutkun I, Foster S, Zierhut M, Melissa Liew SH, Bezlyak V et al (2013) Secukinumab in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis: results of three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Ophthalmology 120(4):777–787CrossRefPubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Baeten D, Sieper J, Braun J, Baraliakos X, Dougados M, Emery P et al (2015) Secukinumab, an Interleukin-17A inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis. N Engl J Med. 373:2534–2548CrossRefPubMed Baeten D, Sieper J, Braun J, Baraliakos X, Dougados M, Emery P et al (2015) Secukinumab, an Interleukin-17A inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis. N Engl J Med. 373:2534–2548CrossRefPubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Ideguchi H, Suda A, Takeno M, Ueda A, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y (2011) Characteristics of vascular involvement in Behçet's disease in Japan: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 29(4 Suppl 67):S47–53PubMed Ideguchi H, Suda A, Takeno M, Ueda A, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y (2011) Characteristics of vascular involvement in Behçet's disease in Japan: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 29(4 Suppl 67):S47–53PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Celik S, Yazici Y, Sut N, Yazici H (2015) Pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behçet's syndrome: a review of the literature with emphasis on geographical differences. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 33(6 Suppl 94):S54–S59PubMed Celik S, Yazici Y, Sut N, Yazici H (2015) Pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behçet's syndrome: a review of the literature with emphasis on geographical differences. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 33(6 Suppl 94):S54–S59PubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Han JK, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Cho GY, Kim MA, Sohn DW, Park YB (2009) Behçet's disease as a frequently unrecognized cause of aortic regurgitation: suggestive and misleading echocardiography findings. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 22:1269–1274CrossRefPubMed Han JK, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Cho GY, Kim MA, Sohn DW, Park YB (2009) Behçet's disease as a frequently unrecognized cause of aortic regurgitation: suggestive and misleading echocardiography findings. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 22:1269–1274CrossRefPubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause I, Mader R, Sulkes J, Paul M, Uziel Y, Adawi M, Weinberger A (2001) Behçet's disease in Israel: the influence of ethnic origin on disease expression and severity. J Rheumatol. 28(5):1033–1036PubMed Krause I, Mader R, Sulkes J, Paul M, Uziel Y, Adawi M, Weinberger A (2001) Behçet's disease in Israel: the influence of ethnic origin on disease expression and severity. J Rheumatol. 28(5):1033–1036PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Houman MH, Neffati H, Braham A, Harzallah O, Khanfir M, Miled M, Hamzaoui K. Behçet's disease in Tunisia. Demographic, clinical and genetic aspects in 260 patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(Suppl 45):S58–64. Houman MH, Neffati H, Braham A, Harzallah O, Khanfir M, Miled M, Hamzaoui K. Behçet's disease in Tunisia. Demographic, clinical and genetic aspects in 260 patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(Suppl 45):S58–64.
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Leccese P, Yazici Y, Olivieri I (2017) Behcet's syndrome in nonendemic regions. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 29:12–16CrossRefPubMed Leccese P, Yazici Y, Olivieri I (2017) Behcet's syndrome in nonendemic regions. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 29:12–16CrossRefPubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Savey L, Resche-Rigon M, Wechsler B, Comarmond C, Piette JC, Cacoub P, Saadoun D (2014) Ethnicity and association with disease manifestations and mortality in Behçet's disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 9:42CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Savey L, Resche-Rigon M, Wechsler B, Comarmond C, Piette JC, Cacoub P, Saadoun D (2014) Ethnicity and association with disease manifestations and mortality in Behçet's disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 9:42CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Zouboulis CC, Kotter I, Djawari D, Kirch W, Kohl PK, Ochsendorf FR, Keitel W, Stadler R, Wollina U, Proksch E, Söhnchen R, Weber H, Gollnick HP, Hölzle E, Fritz K, Licht T, Orfanos CE (1997) Epidemiological features of Adamantiades Behcet's disease in Germany and in Europe. Yonsei Med J 38:411–422CrossRefPubMed Zouboulis CC, Kotter I, Djawari D, Kirch W, Kohl PK, Ochsendorf FR, Keitel W, Stadler R, Wollina U, Proksch E, Söhnchen R, Weber H, Gollnick HP, Hölzle E, Fritz K, Licht T, Orfanos CE (1997) Epidemiological features of Adamantiades Behcet's disease in Germany and in Europe. Yonsei Med J 38:411–422CrossRefPubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Mok CC, Cheung TC, Ho CT, Lee KW, Lau CS, Wong RW (2002) Behçet's disease in southern Chinese patients. J Rheumatol. 29:1689–1693PubMed Mok CC, Cheung TC, Ho CT, Lee KW, Lau CS, Wong RW (2002) Behçet's disease in southern Chinese patients. J Rheumatol. 29:1689–1693PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Muhaya M, Lightman S, Ikeda E, Mochizuki M, Shaer B, McCluskey P, Towler HM (2000) Behçet's disease in Japan and in Great Britain: a comparative study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 8:141–148CrossRefPubMed Muhaya M, Lightman S, Ikeda E, Mochizuki M, Shaer B, McCluskey P, Towler HM (2000) Behçet's disease in Japan and in Great Britain: a comparative study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 8:141–148CrossRefPubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Rozenbaum M, Boulman N, Slobodin G, Zisman D, Mader R, Yankevitch A, Weinberger A, Rosner I (2007) Behcet disease in adult Druzes in north Israel: the influence of ethnic origin on disease expression and severity. J Clin Rheumatol. 13:124–127CrossRefPubMed Rozenbaum M, Boulman N, Slobodin G, Zisman D, Mader R, Yankevitch A, Weinberger A, Rosner I (2007) Behcet disease in adult Druzes in north Israel: the influence of ethnic origin on disease expression and severity. J Clin Rheumatol. 13:124–127CrossRefPubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Sibley C, Yazici Y, Tascilar K, Khan N, Bata Y, Yazici H, Goldbach-Mansky R, Hatemi G (2014) Behçet syndrome manifestations and activity in the United States versus Turkey—a cross-sectional cohort comparison. J Rheumatol. 41:1379–1384CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sibley C, Yazici Y, Tascilar K, Khan N, Bata Y, Yazici H, Goldbach-Mansky R, Hatemi G (2014) Behçet syndrome manifestations and activity in the United States versus Turkey—a cross-sectional cohort comparison. J Rheumatol. 41:1379–1384CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohammad A, Mandl T, Sturfelt G, Segelmark M (2013) Incidence, prevalence and clinical characteristics of Behcet's disease in southern Sweden. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52:304–310CrossRef Mohammad A, Mandl T, Sturfelt G, Segelmark M (2013) Incidence, prevalence and clinical characteristics of Behcet's disease in southern Sweden. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52:304–310CrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Kötter I, Vonthein R, Müller CA, Günaydin I, Zierhut M, Stübiger N (2004) Behçet's disease in patients of German and Turkish origin living in Germany: a comparative analysis. J Rheumatol. 31:133–139PubMed Kötter I, Vonthein R, Müller CA, Günaydin I, Zierhut M, Stübiger N (2004) Behçet's disease in patients of German and Turkish origin living in Germany: a comparative analysis. J Rheumatol. 31:133–139PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Kappen JH, van Dijk EH, Baak-Dijkstra M, van Daele PL, Lam-Tse WK, van Hagen PM, van Laar JA (2015) Behçet's disease, hospital-based prevalence and manifestations in the Rotterdam area. Neth J Med. 73:471–477PubMed Kappen JH, van Dijk EH, Baak-Dijkstra M, van Daele PL, Lam-Tse WK, van Hagen PM, van Laar JA (2015) Behçet's disease, hospital-based prevalence and manifestations in the Rotterdam area. Neth J Med. 73:471–477PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Phenotypes in Behçet’s syndrome
verfasst von
Emire Seyahi
Publikationsdatum
11.02.2019
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Internal and Emergency Medicine / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1828-0447
Elektronische ISSN: 1970-9366
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-019-02046-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2019

Internal and Emergency Medicine 5/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.