Background
Definition
Etiologic classification
Neurological Conditions | |
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Primary headaches (most common in Migraine) | |
Secondary headaches | |
Blepharospasm | |
Progressive supranuclear palsy | |
Traumatic brain injury | |
Meningitis | |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | |
Lesions of the thalamus |
Photophobia in neurologic disorders
Primary headaches
Blepharospasm
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Traumatic brain injury
Mechanism of photophobia
Diagnosis and evaluation of photophobia
Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) | |
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1. I prefer summer to winter because winter dreariness makes me sad. (Phi) | |
2. If I could, I would be happier to go out after dusk rather than during the day. (Pho) | |
3. Often in winter, I’d like to go to the other hemisphere where it is summer time. (Phi) | |
4. My ideal house has large windows. (Phi) | |
5. I like cloudy days. (Phi) | |
6. Sunlight is so annoying to me, that I have to wear sunglasses when I go out. (Pho) | |
7. I prefer to stay at home on sunny days, even if it is not warm. (Pho) | |
8. I feel reborn in spring when the days start to become longer. (Phi) | |
9. Usually strong sunlight annoys me. (Pho) | |
10. I prefer rooms that are in semi-darkness. (Pho) | |
11. I prefer sunlight to semi-darkness. (Phi) | |
12. Looking at a very bright view annoys me. (Pho) | |
13. I can’t stand light reflecting off snow. (Pho) | |
14. I think summer annoys me because it’s too bright. (Pho) | |
15. Sunlight is like therapy for me. (Phi) | |
16. I prefer walking in the sunlight if the weather is cool. (Phi) |
1 | During your headache, do you feel a greater sense of glare or dazzle in your eyes than usual by bright lights? | Yes | No |
2 | During your headache, do flickering lights, glare, specific colors or high contrast striped patterns bother you or your eyes? | Yes | No |
3 | During your headache, do you turn off the lights or draw a curtain to avoid bright conditions? | Yes | No |
4 | During your headache, do you have to wear sunglasses even in normal daylight? | Yes | No |
5 | During your headache, do bright lights hurt your eyes? | Yes | No |
6 | Is your headache worsened by bright lights? | Yes | No |
7 | Is your headache triggered by bright lights? | Yes | No |
8 | Do you have any of the above symptoms mentioned even during your headache-free interval? | Yes | No |