Background
Methods
Study design
Participants
No. of subjects | Mean (SD) | Range | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 171 | 49.3 (11.5) | 20–70 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 171 | 34.4 (9.1) | 19–84 |
FIQR (0–100) | 171 | 56.1 (17) | 17–95 |
Resting pain (0–10) | 171 | 5.9 (1.5) | 3–10 |
Resting fatigue (0–10) | 171 | 6.4 1.7 | 1–10 |
6MWT (ft) | 159 | 1332 (325) | 300–2050 |
5TSTS (s) | 156 | 14.4 (7.0) | 6–53 |
PROMIS PF (T-score) | 159 | 36.8 (4.9) | 23.4–53.0 |
SF-36 PF (T-score) | 160 | 33.1 (7.3) | 19.3–55.6 |
SF-36 PCS (T-score) | 160 | 32.6 (6.5) | 17.3–49.5 |
SF-36 MCS (T-score) | 160 | 39.9 (10.5) | 15.8 – 63.6 |
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (0–52) | 160 | 20.7 (13.1) | 0–52 |
TSK (17–68) | 160 | 36.4 (8.2) | 18–58 |
Time spent in MVPA (min/d) | 171 | 21.9 (23.6) | 0.2–153.3 |
IPAQ (METs*min/wk) | 158 | 2007 (2112) | 0–9198 |
Physical activity measures
Self-reported physical activity
Objectively measured physical activity
Pain and pain sensitivity assessments
Current resting and movement pain intensity
Overall pain severity and interference
Deep tissue mechanical pain threshold
Pain inhibition
Fatigue assessment
Current resting and movement fatigue intensity
Overall multidimensional fatigue
Physical function assessments
Self-reported physical function
Physical endurance
Lower extremity strength
Pain-related psychological assessments
Pain catastrophizing
Fear of movement
Disease impact and quality-of-life assessments
Disease impact
Quality of life
Statistical analyses
Results
Correlations between physical activity and FM symptomology
Outcome domain | Outcome variable | No. of subjects | Pearson’s correlation (unadjusted) | Partial correlation (BMI and age-adjusted) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r
| (95% CI) | p Value |
r
| (95% CI) | p Value | |||
Performance-Based Function
|
Endurance (6MWT, ft)
| 159 |
0.43
| (0.30, 0.55) |
< 0.001
|
0.28
| (0.12, 0.41) |
< 0.001
|
Strength (5TSTS time, s) (ln)
| 156 |
− 0.17
| (− 0.32, − 0.01) |
0.01
| − 0.02 | (− 0.18, 0.14) | 0.81 | |
Self-reported function
|
PROMIS PF
| 159 |
0.25
| (0.09, 0.39) |
0.002
| 0.15 | (− 0.01, 0.30) | 0.07 |
SF-36 PF
| 160 |
0.31
| (0.15, 0.43) |
< 0.001
|
0.20
|
(0.06, 0.38)
|
0.01
| |
Pain | Resting pain (0–10) | 171 | − 0.04 | (− 0.19, 0.11) | 0.61 | 0.02 | (− 0.14, 0.18) | 0.80 |
Movement pain (6MWT) | 160 | − 0.09 | (− 0.24, 0.07) | 0.28 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.87 | |
Movement pain (5TSTS) | 159 | − 0.04 | (− 0.19, 0.12) | 0.65 | − 0.00 | (− 0.16, 0.16) | 0.98 | |
BPI severity | 160 | 0.00 | (− 0.16, 0.16) | 0.99 | 0.01 | (− 0.14, 0.17) | 0.87 | |
BPI interference | 160 | − 0.05 | (− 0.20, 0.11) | 0.52 | − 0.02 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.84 | |
Pain sensitivity | PPT cervical (ln) | 159 | − 0.10 | (− 0.25, 0.06) | 0.21 | − 0.08 | (− 0.24, 0.08) | 0.31 |
PPT lumbar (ln) | 159 | − 0.04 | (− 0.19, 0.12) | 0.65 | − 0.03 | (− 0.19, 0.13) | 0.70 | |
PPT leg (ln) | 159 | 0.01 | (− 0.16, 0.15) | 0.92 | 0.01 | (− 0.16, 0.15) | 0.88 | |
CPM lumbar (%) | 138 | 0.14 | (− 0.03, 0.30) | 0.10 | 0.14 | (− 0.04, 0.30) | 0.12 | |
CPM leg (%) | 134 | 0.07 | (− 0.11, 0.23) | 0.45 | 0.11 | (− 0.06, 0.28) | 0.21 | |
Fatigue
| Resting fatigue (0–10) | 171 | − 0.11 | (− 0.25, 0.05) | 0.17 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.86 |
Movement fatigue (6MWT)
| 160 |
− 0.20
| (− 0.35, − 0.05) |
0.01
|
− 0.20
| (− 0.35, −0.05) |
0.01
| |
Movement fatigue (5TSTS) | 160 | 0.00 | (− 0.15, 0.16) | 0.96 | − 0.02 | (− 0.18, 0.14) | 0.81 | |
Multidimensional (MAF) | 159 | − 0.05 | (− 0.21, 0.11) | 0.52 | − 0.05 | (− 0.20, 0.11) | 0.58 | |
Psychological constructs | Pain Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) | 160 | 0.05 | (− 0.10, 0.21) | 0.52 | 0.01 | (− 0.15, 0.16) | 0.93 |
Fear of movement (TSK) | 160 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.89 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.15) | 0.89 | |
Disease impact | FIQR total | 171 | − 0.12 | (− 0.27, 0.03) | 0.12 | − 0.10 | (− 0.25, 0.06) | 0.24 |
Quality of life
|
Physical (SF-36 PCS)
| 158 |
0.27
| (0.11, 0.41) |
0.001
|
0.22
| (0.06, 0.37) |
0.006
|
Emotional (SF-36 MCS) | 158 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.89 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.16) | 0.99 |
Outcome domain | Outcome variable | No. of subjects | Pearson’s correlation (unadjusted) | Partial correlation (BMI and age-adjusted) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r
| 95% CI | p Value |
r
| 95% CI | p Value | |||
Performance-Based Function
|
Endurance (6MWT, ft)
| 157 |
0.30
| (0.12, 0.40) |
< 0.001
|
0.23
| (0.05, 0.30) |
0.005
|
Strength (5TSTS time, s) (ln) | 154 | − 0.09 | (− 0.21, 0.11) | 0.26 | − 0.02 | (− 0.13, 0.18) | 0.86 | |
Self-reported function
|
PROMIS PF
| 157 |
0.27
| (0.10, 0.39) |
0.001
|
0.21
| (0.07, 0.34) |
0.009
|
SF-36 PF
| 157 |
0.21
| (0.07, 0.35) |
0.009
| 0.15 | (− 0.01, 0.32) | 0.07 | |
Pain | Resting pain (0–10) | 158 | 0.01 | (− 0.15, 0.16) | 0.95 | − 0.03 | (− 0.12, 0.19) | 0.73 |
Movement pain (6MWT) | 158 | 0.02 | (− 0.13, 0.18) | 0.77 | 0.03 | (− 0.09, 0.22) | 0.70 | |
Movement pain (5TSTS) | 157 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.15) | 0.88 | − 0.02 | (− 0.15, 0.17) | 0.85 | |
BPI severity | 158 | − 0.12 | (− 0.24, 0.07) | 0.15 | − 0.11 | (− 0.23, 0.08) | 0.17 | |
BPI interference | 158 | − 0.15 | (− 0.24, 0.04) | 0.06 | − 0.13 | (− 0.22, 0.04) | 0.12 | |
Pain sensitivity | PPT cervical (ln) | 157 | 0.15 | (− 0.02, 0.29) | 0.06 | 0.17 | (0.01, 0.32) | 0.04 |
PPT lumbar (ln) | 157 | 0.16 | (0.02, 0.30) | 0.04 | 0.17 | (0.01, 0.32) | 0.04 | |
PPT leg (ln) | 157 | 0.11 | (− 0.06, 0.29) | 0.18 | 0.12 | (− 0.02, 0.26) | 0.13 | |
CPM lumbar (%) | 136 | 0.06 | (− 0.11, 0.23) | 0.46 | 0.05 | (− 0.13, 0.21) | 0.54 | |
CPM leg (%) | 132 | − 0.03 | (− 0.22, 0.15) | 0.76 | − 0.01 | (− 0.20, 0.17) | 0.94 | |
Fatigue | Resting fatigue (0–10) | 158 | − 0.08 | (− 0.18, 0.03) | 0.34 | − 0.03 | (− 0.18, 0.16) | 0.69 |
Movement fatigue (6MWT) | 158 | − 0.08 | (− 0.18, 0.03) | 0.30 | − 0.06 | (− 0.16, 0.15) | 0.45 | |
Movement fatigue (5TSTS) | 158 | − 0.04 | (− 0.18, 0.14) | 0.47 | − 0.04 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.64 | |
Multidimensional (MAF) | 157 | − 0.02 | (− 0.18, 0.14) | 0.79 | − 0.01 | (− 0.17, 0.15) | 0.99 | |
Psychological constructs | Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) | 158 | 0.01 | (− 0.21, 0.24) | 0.94 | − 0.02 | (− 0.10, 0.22) | 0.80 |
Fear of movement (TSK) | 158 | − 0.17 | (− 0.31, − 0.02) | 0.03 | − 0.16 | (− 0.29, −0.02) | 0.04 | |
Disease impact | FIQR total | 158 | − 0.02 | (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.83 | − 0.07 | (− 0.15, 0.16) | 0.40 |
Quality of life
|
Physical (SF-36 PCS)
| 156 |
0.22
| (0.06, 0.35) |
0.006
| 0.18 | (0.02, 0.32) | 0.03 |
Emotional (SF-36 MCS) | 156 | − 0.06 | (− 0.21, 0.09) | 0.48 | − 0.05 | (− 0.18, 0.08) | 0.55 |
Differences by activity classification
Accelerometry Activity classification | IPAQ Activity classification | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very low (n = 58) | Low (n = 56) | Moderate (n = 57) | p Value | Low (n = 73) | Moderate (n = 43) | High (n = 42) | p Value | |
Age (years) | 54.4a (10.2) | 48.5b (10.9) | 45.0b (11.46) |
< 0.0001
| 50.7 (11.2) | 49.3 (11.8) | 46.6 (12.2) | 0.194 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 37.4a (10.1) | 35.0a (8.7) | 30.6b (7.0) |
< 0.0001
| 35.9 (10.2) | 33.3 (7.4) | 32.9 (9.3) | 0.166 |