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Erschienen in: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 3/2008

01.09.2008 | Leitthema

Physiologie der Lutealphase

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J.M. Weiss, K. Hancke, M. Woriedh, D. Hadziomerovic-Pekic

Erschienen in: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie | Ausgabe 3/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Der Gelbkörper, das Corpus luteum, ist ein temporäres endokrines Organ, das aus dem Follikel nach dem Eisprung entsteht und 2 Wochen später eine Regression erfährt. Seine Hauptaufgabe ist die Produktion und Sekretion von Progesteron. Voraussetzung für seine regelrechte Funktion ist eine suffiziente Follikelphase mit ausreichender Östradiolsekretion und einem adäquaten LH-Anstieg. Beim Prozess der Luteinisierung stoppt die Zellteilung, und die Follikelzellen wandeln sich in große und kleine Lutealzellen mit unterschiedlichen Aufgaben um. Die Rezeptorexpression verändert sich, und neue Gefäße sprossen ein. Die GnRH- und LH-Pulsfrequenz nimmt durch das Progesteron in der Lutealphase ab. Damit ein neuer ovarieller Zyklus entstehen kann, muss das Corpus luteum komplett eliminiert werden. Die Blutzufuhr zum Corpus luteum wird gedrosselt, und die Apoptose setzt ein. Kommt es zu einer Schwangerschaft, bleibt die Corpus-luteum-Funktion so lange erhalten, bis die Plazenta die Aufgaben voll übernehmen kann. Dieser luteoplazentare Shift findet in der 5. Schwangerschaftswoche statt. Eine adäquate Lutealfunktion kann man anhand der Östrogen- und Progesteronwerte als Surrogatparameter beurteilen. Die Progesteronspiegel sollten über 8–10 ng/ml liegen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Physiologie der Lutealphase
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J.M. Weiss
K. Hancke
M. Woriedh
D. Hadziomerovic-Pekic
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Gynäkologische Endokrinologie / Ausgabe 3/2008
Print ISSN: 1610-2894
Elektronische ISSN: 1610-2908
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-008-0272-7

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