Background
Methods
Study area
Ethnobotanical surveys
Statistical analysis
Index | Answer | Value |
---|---|---|
QI | Not mentioned | 0 |
Mentioned | 1 | |
FUI | Never | 0 |
Less than once a month | 2.5 | |
Once a month | 5 | |
2–3 times a month | 7.5 | |
4 or more a month | 10 | |
EI | He/she does not sell or buy it | 0 |
He/she sells or buys it occasionally at low prices | 3.33 | |
He/she sells or buys it regularly | 6.67 | |
He/she sells or buys it at high prices | 10 |
Scientific name | Chinese name | Chinese character | Cantonese name | Function | Part(s) used | Flavor | Nature | Preparation before decoction | Habitat | Conservation need | QI | FUI | EI | Voucher number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adenophora stricta Miq. | Sha Shen | 沙参 | Saa sam | Nourish yin, stop cough | Root | Sweet, pungent | Warm | Dry | Wild | 0.28 | 0.7 | 1.53 | GD107 | |
Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. | Ze Xie | 泽泻 | Zaak Se | Clear heat | Stem | Sweet | Cold | Dry | Wild | 0.23 | 0.61 | 1.2 | GD22 | |
Amomum villosum Lour. | Sha Ren | 砂仁 | Saa jan | Tonify qi | Fruit | Pungent | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.37 | 0.92 | 2.34 | GD44 | |
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels | Dang Gui | 当归 | Dong gwai | Replenish blood | Root | Bitter, pungent | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.41 | 1.01 | 2.34 | GD99 | |
Arachishypogaea Linn. | Hua Sheng | 落花生 | Faa sang | Tonify qi | Seed | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.95 | 8.58 | 5.38 | GD34 | |
Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. | Xing | 杏 | Hang | Stop cough | Fruit | Sour, sweet | Warm | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.73 | 2 | 3.72 | GD19 | |
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge | Huang Qi | 黄耆 | Wong kei | Tonify qi, tonify yang | Root | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.52 | 1.69 | 3.18 | GD56 | |
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. | Bai Zhu | 白术 | Baak seot | Tonify qi | Root | Bitter, sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | VU | 0.25 | 1.01 | 1.41 | GD78 |
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. | Dong Gua | 冬瓜 | Dung gwaa | Clear heat, stop cough | Fruit | Sweet | Cool | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.68 | 4.08 | 3.39 | GD60 | |
Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. | Bai Cai | 白菜 | Baak coi | Digestion, promote dampness | Leaf | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.97 | 6.78 | 3.97 | GD120 | |
Carthamus tinctorius L. | Hong Hua | 红花 | Hung faa | Promote circulation, tonify qi | Flower | Pungent | Warm | Dry | Wild (C) | 0.23 | 0.7 | 1.5 | GD86 | |
Castanea mollissima Bl. | Li Zi | 栗 | Leot zi | Tonify qi, promote circulation | Seed | Sweet | Warm | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.41 | 1.17 | 1.62 | GD11 | |
Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne | Mu Gua | 木瓜 | Muk gwaa | Digestion | Fruit | Sour | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.44 | 1.53 | 2.13 | GD200 | |
Cistanche deserticola Ma | Rou Cong Rong | 肉苁蓉 | Juk cung jung | Tonify yang | Stem | Sweet, salty | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | CR | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.45 | GD118 |
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. | Ning Meng | 柠檬 | Ning mung | Clear heat, stop cough | Fruit | Sour, sweet | Neutral | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | 0.6 | 4.53 | 4.03 | GD105 | |
Citrus reticulata Blanco | Gan Ju | 柑橘 | Gam gat | Tonify qi | Fruit | Bitter, pungent | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.66 | 5.02 | 2.88 | GD43 | |
Cocos nucifera L. | Ye Zi | 椰子 | Je zi | Tonify qi | Fruit | Sweet | Warm | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.59 | 2.73 | 3.06 | GD9 | |
Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. | Dang Shen | 党参 | Dong sam | Tonify qi, replenish blood | Root | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.34 | 0.99 | 2.28 | GD6 | |
Coix lacryma-jobi L. | Yi Yi | 薏苡 | Ji ji | Promote dampness, clear heat | Seed | Sweet | Cool | Dry | Cultivated | 0.6 | 3.42 | 3.82 | GD81 | |
Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott | Yu | 芋 | Wu | Tonify qi | Bulb | Sweet, pungent | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.87 | 6.46 | 4.33 | GD67 | |
Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. | Shan Zhu Yu | 山茱萸 | Saan zyu jyu | Astringents | Fruit | Sour | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.39 | 1.42 | 2.22 | GD87 | |
Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. | Shan Zha | 山楂 | Saan zaa | Digestion | Fruit | Sour, sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.74 | 3.24 | 3.18 | GD54 | |
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. | Tu Si Zi | 菟丝子 | Tou si zi | Tonify yang | Seed | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Wild | 0.38 | 1.1 | 1.53 | GD214 | |
Davallia mariesii Moore ex Bak. | Gu Sui Bu | 骨碎补 | Gwat seoi bou | Tonify yang | Root | Bitter | Warm | Dry | Wild | 0.28 | 0.7 | 1.35 | GD224 | |
Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. | Ju Hua | 菊花 | Guk faa | Clear heat | Flower | Sweet, bitter | Cold | Dry | Wild (cultivated) | 0.71 | 3.06 | 4.45 | GD207 | |
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo | Tie Pi Shi Hu | 铁皮石斛 | Tit pei sek huk | Nourish yin, clear heat | Stem | Sweet, salty | Cold | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | CR | 0.17 | 0.43 | 1.2 | GD234 |
Dendrobium wilsonii Rolfe | Guang Dong Shi Hu | 广东石斛 | Gwong dung sek huk | Nourish yin, clear heat | Stem | Sweet | Cold | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | EN | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.6 | GD244 |
Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill | Gan Shu | 甘薯 | Syu jyu | Tonify qi | Root | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.47 | 1.58 | 2.34 | GD177 | |
Dumasia hirsute Craib | Ying Mao Shan Hei Dou | 硬毛山黑豆 | Ngaang mou saan hak dau | Clear heat | Seed | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.53 | 2.25 | 2.76 | GD109 | |
Durio zibethinus Murr. | Liu Lian | 榴莲 | Lau lin | Nourish yin | Fruit | Sweet, pungent | Hot | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.25 | 1.33 | 1.32 | GD21 | |
Ephedra sinica Stapf | Cao Ma Huang | 草麻黄 | Cou maa wong | Promote dampness | Stem | Pungent, bitter | Warm | Dry | Wild | 0.19 | 0.68 | 0.84 | GD117 | |
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. | Pi Pa | 枇杷 | Pei paa | Stop cough | Leaf | Bitter | Cold | Dry | Cultivated | 0.4 | 1.31 | 1.86 | GD123 | |
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver | Du Zhong | 杜仲 | Dou zung | Tonify yang | Bark | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Wild | NT | 0.27 | 0.77 | 1.47 | GD134 |
Euryale ferox Salisb. ex Konig & Sims | Qian Shi | 芡实 | Him sat | Astringents | Seed | Sweet, Sour | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.26 | 1.1 | 1.65 | GD122 | |
Ficus carica Linn. | Wu Hua Guo | 无花果 | Mou faa gwo | Stop cough | Fruit | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | 0.43 | 1.71 | 2.49 | GD144 | |
Ficus hirta Vahl | Cu Ye Rong | 粗叶榕 | Cou jip jung | Tonify qi | Root | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.25 | 0.99 | 0.96 | GD199 | |
Flemingia philippinensis Merr. et Rolfe | Qian Jin Ba | 千斤拔 | Cin gan but | Tonify qi, promote circulation | Root | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.55 | 2.55 | 2.91 | GD119 | |
Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don | Chuan Bei Mu | 川贝母 | Cyun bui mou | Stop cough, promote dampness | Bulb | Bitter, sweet | Cold | Dry | Cultivated | 0.48 | 2.39 | 2.61 | GD156 | |
Ginkgo biloba L. | Yin Xing | 银杏 | Ngan hang | Stop cough, astringents | Seed | Sweet, bitter, sour | Neutral | Dry | W | EN | 0.67 | 3.81 | 3.36 | GD178 |
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. | Da Dou | 大豆 | Daai dau | Clear heat, promote circulation | Seed | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.77 | 5.25 | 3.57 | GD160 | |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Da Mai | 大麦 | Daai mak | Digestion | Sprout | Sweet | Neutral | Raw or stir-baked form | Cultivated | 0.46 | 2.52 | 2.28 | GD112 | |
Houttuynia cordata Thunb | Ji Cai | 蕺菜 | Jyuu sing cou | Clear heat | Whole plant | Pungent | Cold | Fresh | Wild (cultivated) | 0.88 | 6.67 | 3.81 | GD186 | |
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. et Rose | Liang Tian Chi | 量天尺 | Loeng tin cek | Clear heat, stop cough | Flower | Sweet | Cool | Fresh | Wild (cultivated) | 0.24 | 1.04 | 1.26 | GD111 | |
Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. | Mao Dong Qing | 毛冬青 | Mou dung cing | Clear heat, promote circulation | Root | Bitter | Cold | Dry | Wild | 0.35 | 1.91 | 1.74 | GD210 | |
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. | Bai Mao | 白茅 | Baak maau | Clear heat | Root | Sweet | Cold | Dry | Wild | 0.51 | 2.91 | 2.64 | GD218 | |
Isatis tinctoria L. | Ou Zhou Song Lan | 欧洲菘蓝 | Sung Laam | Clear heat | Root | Bitter | Cold | Dry | Wild (cultivated) | 0.87 | 6.67 | 3.66 | GD205 | |
Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. | Mo Li Hua | 茉莉花 | Mut lei faa | Clear heat | Flower | Pungent, sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.71 | 4.21 | 3.63 | GD243 | |
Juglans regia L. | Hu Tao | 胡桃 | Wu tou | Soothe the nerves and brain | Seed | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.77 | 3.81 | 3.81 | GD226 | |
Juncus bufonius L. | Xiao Deng Xin Cao | 小灯心草 | Dang sam cou | Clear heat, promote dampness | Whole plant | Sweet | Cold | Fresh or dry | Wild | 0.8 | 4.03 | 3.36 | GD281 | |
Lablab purpureus (Linn.) Sweet | Bian Dou | 扁豆 | Bin dau | Tonify yang | Seed | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.11 | 0.61 | 0.63 | GD267 | |
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. | Yi Mu Cao | 益母草 | Jik mou cou | Promote circulation | Leaf | Bitter, pungent | Cold | Fresh or dry | Wild | 0.77 | 3.11 | 4.18 | GD287 | |
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | Chuan Xiong | 川芎 | Cyun hung | Promote circulation | Root | Pungent | Warm | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | 0.37 | 1.19 | 2.07 | GD254 | |
Lilium brownie F. E. Brown ex Miellez | Ye Bai He | 野百合 | Baak hap | Nourish yin, stop cough, soothe the nerves and brain | Leaf | Sweet | Cold | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | 0.36 | 2.18 | 2.13 | GD241 | |
Lilium lancifolium Thunb. | Juan Dan | 卷丹 | Gyun daan baak hap | Nourish yin, soothe the nerves and brain | Leaf | Sweet | Cold | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | 0.64 | 3.51 | 3.57 | GD146 | |
Litchi chinensis Sonn. | Li Zhi | 荔枝 | Lai zi | Tonify qi, replenish blood, soothe the nerves and brain | Fruit | Sweet, sour | Warm | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.77 | 4.05 | 4.24 | GD165 | |
Lophatherum gracile Brongn. | Dan Zhu Ye | 淡竹叶 | Daam zuk jip | Clear heat, promote dampness | Whole plant | Sweet | Cold | Fresh or dry | Wild | 0.78 | 5.27 | 4.21 | GD110 | |
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roem. | Guang Dong Si Gua | 广东丝瓜 | Si gwaa | Clear heat | Fruit | Sweet | Cool | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.88 | 7.18 | 4.9 | GD119 | |
Lycium chinense Mill. | Gou Qi | 枸杞 | Geoi gei | Nourish yin | Fruit | Bitter | Cold | Dry | Cultivated | 0.91 | 7.93 | 6.58 | GD66 | |
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | Fan Qie | 番茄 | Faan ke | Digestion | Fruit | Sweet, sour | Cold | Fresh | Cultivated | 1 | 9.95 | 4.06 | GD53 | |
Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. | Hou Pu | 厚朴 | Hau buk | Clear heat | Flower | Bitter, pungent | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.61 | 3.42 | 3.12 | GD45 | |
Malus pumila Mill. | Ping Guo | 苹果 | Ping gwo | Tonify qi, replenish blood | Fruit | Sweet | Cool | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.43 | 2.12 | 2.61 | GD90 | |
Mentha haplocalyx Briq. | Bo He | 薄荷 | Bok ho | Clear heat | Whole plant | Pungent | Cool | Dry or fresh | Cultivated | 0.59 | 4.32 | 3.06 | GD88 | |
Momordica charantia L. | Ku Gua | 苦瓜 | Fu gwaa | Clear heat | Fruit | Bitter | Cold | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.53 | 4.12 | 2.79 | GD142 | |
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. | Lian | 莲 | lin | Soothe the nerves and brain | Seed and flower | Sweet, sour | Neutral | Seed: dry/flower: fresh | Cultivated | 0.6 | 3.6 | 3.33 | GD168 | |
Olea europaea L. | Mu Xi Lan | 木犀榄 | Muk sai laam | Clear heat | Fruit | Sweet, sour | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.35 | 1.82 | 0.57 | GD175 | |
Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. | Mai Dong | 麦冬 | Mak dung | Nourish yin, stop cough | Root | Sweet, Bitter | Cold | Dry | Wild | 0.7 | 4.26 | 1.11 | GD169 | |
Oryza sativa L. | Dao | 稻 | dou | Nourish yin, astringents | Root | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.26 | 1.19 | 1.08 | GD184 | |
Osmunda japonica Thunb. | Zi Qi | 紫萁 | Gun zung | Clear heat | Root | Bitter | Cool | Dry | Cultivated | 0.31 | 1.15 | 1.65 | GD143 | |
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. | Ren Shen | 人参 | Jan sam | Tonify qi, soothe the nerves and brain | Root | Sweet, bitter | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.8 | 2.91 | 5.23 | GD132 | |
Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow | San Qi/Tian Qi | 三七 | Saam cat | Promote circulation | Root | Sweet, bitter | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.79 | 3.33 | 4.96 | GD187 | |
Panax quinquefolius Linn. | Xi Yang Shen | 西洋参 | Sai joeng sam | Tonify qi, nourish yin | Root | Sweet, bitter | Cool | Dry | Cultivated | 0.23 | 0.59 | 1.53 | GD1 | |
Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. | Hong Song | 红松 | Hung sung | Nourish yin | Seed | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.58 | 2.23 | 3.91 | GD91 | |
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua | Duo Hua Huang Jing | 多花黄精 | Wong zing | Nourish yin, tonify qi | Root | Sweet | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 0.53 | 1.91 | 2.73 | GD58 | |
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce | Yu Zhu | 玉竹 | Juk zuk | Nourish yin | Root | Sweet | Cold | Dry | Cultivated | 0.58 | 2.12 | 0.87 | GD65 | |
Prunella vulgaris L. | Xia Ku Cao | 夏枯草 | Haa fu cou | Clear heat | Leaf | Pungent, bitter | Cold | Dry | Wild | 0.88 | 5.83 | 4.48 | GD229 | |
Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax | Hai Er Shen | 孩儿参 | Taai zi sam | Tonify qi | Root | Sweet, bitter | Neutral | Dry | Wild (cultivated) | 0.26 | 0.83 | 1.65 | GD300 | |
Psoralea corylifolia Linn. | Bu Gu Zhi | 补骨脂 | Bou gwat zi | Tonify yang, tonify qi | Fruit | Pungent, bitter | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 0.22 | 0.61 | 1.17 | GD209 | |
Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi | Ge Gen | 葛 | Fan got | Tonify yang, astringents | Root | Sweet, pungent | Cool | Dry | Wild | 0.32 | 1.17 | 1.77 | GD273 | |
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai | Sha Li | 沙梨 | Syut lei | Clear heat, stop cough | Fruit | Sweet, sour | Cool | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.92 | 4.64 | 5.35 | GD181 | |
Quisqualis indica L. | Shi Jun Zi | 使君子 | Sai gwan zi | Digestion | Fruit | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Wild (cultivated) | 0.26 | 0.68 | 1.35 | GD315 | |
Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. | Mao Zhua Cao | 猫爪草 | Maau zaau cou | Stop cough | Root | Sweet, pungent | Warm | Dry | Wild | 0.19 | 0.47 | 0.78 | GD320 | |
Raphanus sativus L. | Hu Luo Bo | 萝卜 | Wu lo baak | Digestion | Root | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 1 | 9.71 | 1.71 | GD331 | |
Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaetn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey. | Di Huang | 地黄 | Dei wong | Nourish yin, replenish blood, tonify qi | Root | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Wild (cultivated) | 0.5 | 1.78 | 2.52 | GD18 | |
Rosa laevigata Michx. | Jin Ying Zi | 金樱子 | Gam jing zi | Astringents | Fruit | Sour, sweet | Neutral | Dry | Wild | 0.62 | 2 | 3.3 | GD347 | |
Rosa rugosa Thunb. | Mei Gui | 玫瑰 | Mui gwai | Tonify qi | Flower | Sweet, bitter | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 1 | 3.83 | 4.99 | GD10 | |
Saccharum sinense Roxb. | Zhu Zhe | 竹蔗 | Zuk ze | Clear heat, digestion | Juice | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 1 | 4.14 | 4.68 | GD121 | |
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | Dan Shen | 丹参 | Daan sam | Promote circulation | Root | Bitter | Cold | Dry | Cultivated | 0.34 | 1.35 | 2.4 | GD316 | |
Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. | Xuan Shen | 玄参 | Duk gok gam | Clear heat, nourish yin | Root | Sweet, bitter, salty | Cold | Dry | Cultivated | 0.26 | 0.83 | 1.74 | GD326 | |
Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang | Luo Han Guo | 罗汉果 | Lo hon gwo | Stop cough | Fruit | Sweet | Cool | Dry | Cultivated | 1 | 7.66 | 6.07 | GD333 | |
Stellaria nipponica Ohwi | Bai HuaFan Lv | 多花繁缕 | Baak faa se sit cou | Clear heat, promote dampness | Whole plant | Sweet | Cool | Dry | Wild | 0.44 | 2.7 | 2.22 | GD3 | |
Striga asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze | Du Jiao Jin | 独脚金 | Duk gok gam | Clear heat, digestion | Whole plant | Sweet | Cool | Dry | Wild | 0.42 | 2.43 | 2.34 | GD336 | |
Triticum aestivum L. | Pu Tong Xiao Mai | 普通小麦 | Pou tung siu mak | Astringents, tonify qi, clear heat | Fruit | Sweet | Cool | Dry | Cultivated | 0.35 | 1.31 | 1.74 | GD312 | |
Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek | Lv Dou | 绿豆 | Luk dau | Clear heat | Seed | Sweet | Cool | Dry | Cultivated | 1 | 8.49 | 5.83 | GD228 | |
Vigna umbellate (Thunb.) Ohwi et Ohashi | Chi Xiao Dou | 赤小豆 | Cik siu dau | Promote dampness | Seed | Sweet, sour | Neutral | Dry | Cultivated | 1 | 7.7 | 4.63 | GD171 | |
Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp. | Jiang Dou | 豇豆 | Gong dau | Digestion | Seed | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh or dry | Cultivated | 1 | 7.34 | 4.96 | GD180 | |
Zea mays L. | Yu Shu Shu | 玉蜀黍 | Juk mai | Promote dampness | Seed | Sweet | Neutral | Fresh | Cultivated | 0.87 | 5.56 | 4.48 | GD50 | |
Ziziphus jujuba Mill. | Zao | 枣 | Mou ci zou | Tonify qi | Fruit | Sweet | Warm | Dry | Cultivated | 1 | 8.99 | 6.07 | GD342 |
Results and discussion
Diversity of plants used in CSCS
Function and five elements of plants
Nature | Sweet | Bitter | Sour | Salty | Pungent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neutral | 25 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
Warm | 21 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 11 |
Cold | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Cool | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Hot | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
How to choose a type of soup?
Menu no. | Plant ingredients (Latin name) | Other ingredients (English name) |
---|---|---|
1 | Codonopsis pilosula, Dioscorea fordii, Zingiber officinalis | Quail, pork |
2 | Ficus hirta, Flemingia philippinensis | Chicken |
3 |
Dumasia hirsuta Craib
| Crucian, chicken |
4 | Cornus officinalis, Euryale ferox | Pork |
5 |
Dioscorea fordii
| Crucian, pork |
6 | Dioscorea fordii, Euryale ferox, Lycium chinense, Adenophora stricta, Polygonatum odoratum, Ziziphusjujuba, Zingiber officinalis | Squab, pork |
7 |
Striga asiatica
| Pork |
8 |
Hordeum vulgare
| Duck kidney |
9 | Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Ficus carica, Ziziphus jujuba, Zingiber officinalis | Pork |
10 |
Amomum villosum
| Pork tripe, chicken, Hericium erinaceus |
11 |
Amomum villosum
| Crucian |
12 | Castanea mollissim, Dioscorea fordii, Ziziphus jujuba, Zingiber officinalis | Trotters |
13 | Brassica pekinensis, Euryale ferox, Coix lacryma-jobi, Ziziphus jujuba, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber officinalis | Duck, tofu |
14 |
Pueraria lobata
| Dace |
15 | Vigna umbellata, Stellaria nipponica | |
16 | Triticum aestivum, Codonopsis pilosula, Dioscorea fordii, Zingiber officinalis | Pork, beef |
17 |
Artemisia scoparia
| Crucian |
18 | Rosa laevigata, Alisma plantago-aquatica | Pork |
19 | Raphanus sativus, Zingiber officinalis | Duck |
20 | Chaenomeles sinensis, Zingiber officinalis | Duck, pork |
21 | Adenophora stricta, Dioscorea fordii, Polygonatum odoratum, Zingiber officinalis | Goose, pork |
22 | Dumasia hirsuta, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber officinalis | Carp, pork |
23 | Lilium lancifolium, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber officinalis | Crucian, pork |
24 |
Armeniaca vulgaris
| Crocodile |
25 | Eriobotrya japonica (leaves) | Fish |
26 | Chaenomeles sinensis, Zingiber officinalis | Cuttlefish, pork |
27 | Astragalus membranaceus, Oryza sativa var. glutinosa (root) | Fish |
28 | Vigna unguiculata, Zingiber officinalis | Fish |
29 | Oryza sativa var. glutinosa (root), Pseudostellaria heterophylla | Loach |
30 | Polygonatum cyrtonema, Zingiber officinalis | Oyster, chicken |
31 | Polygonatum odoratum, Adenophora stricta, Coix lacryma-jobi, Zingiber officinalis | Pork, tendon |
32 | Armeniaca vulgaris, Pyrus pyrifolia, Ephedra sinica, Ziziphus jujuba | Pork |
33 | Malus pumila, Ephedra sinica, Ziziphus jujuba | Pork, tremella |
34 |
Olea europaea
| Conch, pork |
35 | Glycine max, Sauropus spatulifolius (leave) | Crucian |
36 |
Panax quinquefolius
| Pork |
37 | Ginkgo biloba (fruit), Nelumbo nucifera, Zingiber officinalis | Chicken |
38 | Glycine max, Momordica charantia | Pork ribs |
39 | Raphanus sativus, Ziziphus jujuba, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber officinalis | Pork ribs |
40 | Nelumbo nucifera, Luffa acutangula, Zingiber officinalis | Chicken |
41 | Panax quinquefolius, Dioscorea fordii, Ziziphus jujuba, Zingiber officinalis | Squab |
42 | Vigna radiata, Lilium lancifolium, Panax quinquefolius | Squab |
43 | Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus membranaceus, Ziziphus jujuba | Beef |
44 | Nelumbo nucifera, Litchi chinensis, Zingiber officinalis | Duck |
45 | Dendrobium wilsonii, Dioscorea fordii, Lycium chinense, Citrusӱeticulate | Pork |
46 | Dendrobium wilsonii, Pyrus pyrifolia | Duck |
47 | Dendrobium officinale, Ophiopogon japonicus, Ziziphus jujuba | Pork |
48 | Dendrobium wilsonii, Lycium chinense | Pork liver |
49 | Angelica sinensis, Ziziphus jujuba | |
50 | Leonurus japonicas, Ziziphus jujuba | |
51 | Pinus koraiensis, Panax quinquefolius | Chicken or pork |
52 |
Pinus koraiensis
| Pork |
53 |
Arachis hypogaea, Citrus reticulata
| Pork |
54 | Olea europaea, Castanea mollissima, Raphanus sativus | Quail, pork |
55 | Hylocereus undatus (flower), Imperata cylindrica, Armeniaca vulgaris, Ziziphus jujuba | Pork lung |
56 | Dioscorea fordii, Ziziphus jujube, Zingiber officinalis | Pork |
57 | Laminaria japonica, Vigna unguiculata, Panax notoginseng | A: scorpion, pork; B: squab |
58 | Vigna radiata, Lilium lancifolium, Dendrobium officinale, Panax quinquefolius | |
59 | Vigna radiate, Momordica charantia | Pork |
60 | Lycium chinense, Zingiber officinalis, Allium fistulosum | Beef |
61 |
Quisqualis indica
| Pork |
62 | Dendrobium officinale, Polygonatum odoratum, Adenophora stricta | Pork |
63 | Glycine max, Cocos nucifera, Ficus carica, Zingiber officinalis | Chicken |
64 | Ranunculus ternatus, Zingiber officinalis | Pork |
65 | Eucommia ulmoides, Psoralea corylifolia, Zingiber officinalis | Pork ribs |
66 | Dioscorea fordii, Zingiber officinalis | Fish, pork |
67 | Lablab purpureus, Arachis hypogaea, Zea mays, Zingiber officinalis | Fish, pork |
68 | Ficus carica, Arachis hypogaea, Zingiber officinalis | Pork, tripe |
69 | Durio zibethinus, Zingiber officinalis | Crucian |
70 | Dioscorea fordii, Euryale ferox, Nelumbo nucifera | Hippocampus, pork |
71 | Ilex pubescens, Lycium chinense, Cuscuta chinensis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Zingiber officinalis | Pork |
72 | Lycopersicon esculentum, Daucus carota subsp. sativus, Zingiber officinalis, Allium fistulosum | Pork |
73 | Ligusticum chuanxiong, Dumasia hirsuta | Pork |
74 | Ranunculus ternatus, Prunella vulgaris, Glycine max | Pork |
75 | Dendrobium officinale, Panax quinquefolius, Dioscorea fordii | Chicken or pork |
76 | Saccharum sinense, Raphanus sativus, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber officinalis | Pork |
77 | Codonopsis pilosula, Lilium lancifolium, Zingiber officinalis | Squab |
78 | Euryale ferox, Zingiber officinalis | Chitterlings, scallops |
79 | Nelumbo nucifera, Zingiber officinalis | Carp |
80 | Fritillaria cirrhosa, Eriobotrya japonica (leaves) | Fish, pork |
81 |
Salvia miltiorrhiza
| Chicken |
82 | Nelumbo nucifera, Castanea mollissima, Zingiber officinalis | Pork kidney |
83 | Armeniaca vulgaris, Pyrus pyrifolia, Lilium lancifolium | Goose |
84 | Dumasia hirsuta, Triticum aestivum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Zingiber officinalis, Citrus reticulata | Oyster, pork |
85 | Euryale ferox, Juglans regia, Dioscorea fordii, Zingiber officinalis | Pork kidney |
86 | Astragalus membranaceus, Ziziphus jujube, Zingiber officinalis | Eel, pork kidney |
87 | Ficus carica, Ziziphus jujube, Zingiber officinalis | Chicken |
88 | Colocasia esculenta, Zingiber officinalis | Pork, scallops |
89 | Allium fistulosum, Zingiber officinalis | Chicken, mushroom |
90 | Eucommia ulmoides, Cistanche deserticola | Pork |
91 | Nelumbo nucifera, Vigna umbellata, Zingiber officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba | Squid, pigeon |
92 | Mentha haplocalyx, Magnolia officinalis | Pork |
93 |
Atractylodes macrocephala
| Crucian |
94 | Houttuynia cordata, Siraitia grosvenorii | Pork lung |
95 | Pyrus pyrifolia, Armeniaca vulgaris | Jellyfish |
96 | Lycium chinense, Ziziphus jujube | Chicken |
97 | Angelica sinensis, Zingiber officinale | Mutton |
98 | Angelica sinensis, Rehmannia glutinosa | Squab |
99 | Dioscorea fordii, Raphanus sativus, Ziziphus jujube, Lycium chinense | Chicken |
100 | Panax ginseng, Ziziphus jujube, Lycium chinense | Silkie |
101 | Coix lacryma-jobi, Lablab purpureus, Citrus reticulate, Ziziphus jujube | Squab |
102 | Crataegus pinnatifida, Raphanus sativus | Pork feet |
103 | Rosa rugosa, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica sinensis | Pork |
104 | Dendranthema morifolium, Jasminum sambac | Chicken liver, tremella |
105 | Citrus limon, Ziziphus jujube, Lycium chinense | Chicken |
106 | Lophatherum gracile, Juncus bufonius, Ophiopogon japonicus | |
107 | Rehmannia glutinosa, Scrophularia ningpoensis | Pork |
108 | Panax notoginseng, Ziziphus jujube | Frog |
109 |
Rehmannia glutinosa, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica sinensis
| Silkie |
110 |
Davallia mariesii
| Pork |
111 | Isatis tinctoria, Osmunda japonica | Pork |
112 |
Benincasa hispida
| Crucian |
113 | Dioscorea fordii, Zea mays |